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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Standardization of bivariate flow karyotypes of human chromosomes for clinical applications.

Flow cytometry can be used for the detection of aberrations in DNA composition and DNA content of human chromosomes. We demonstrate here the magnitude of DNA content differences among normal chromosomes of 20 healthy individual donors and the clinical applications of the standardized bivariate flow karyotype. Peak positions were determined from Hoechst 33258 (HO) VS Chromomycin A3 (CA3) flow karyotypes of individuals, and the values of the relative chromosomal DNA content were normalized to the peak position constituting chromosomes 9-12, to which a value of 100 arbitrary units (a.u.) was assigned. The mean values and standard deviations that were HO and CA3 fluorescence intensity for each chromosome were calculated. The range of standard deviation is 1.43 to 6.21 (CA3) and is 1.22 to 4.28 (HO). The standard deviations for each chromosome did not overlap; therefore, it was decided that the standardized bivariate flow karyotype was suitable to use for clinical applications. Further study using fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosome 22 that was observed for extra peak accompanied with normal peak in the flow karyotype of clinical material did not suggest more positive data. This suggests that the peak-position difference between chromosome 22 homologues may be a result of a combination of satellite and heterochromatic-region size differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Potential clinical applications of the oxygen carrying solutions.

Two major areas of research of the oxygen carrying solutions are 1) utilization of hemoglobin and 2) perfluorochemicals. Even though they are not perfect red blood cell substitutes, the "oxygen carrying solutions" have many potential clinical applications because they will reach tissues more easily than normal human red cells and can deliver oxygen directly to tissues. In this paper, important examples of such usages are suggested. Additional clinical and non-clinical applications of the oxygen carrying solutions may be added in the near future.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed1993

Clinical applications of magnetic resonance imaging in the central nervous system.

This review article draws upon the extensive comparative studies between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the central nervous system. The comparisons and clinical applications of the imaging modalities are discussed under specific regions. Whenever possible, actual statistics from the comparative studies are cited. The results show a distinct advantage of MR over CT in the posterior fossa, the perisellar region and diseases involving the leptemeninges and white matter. Cranial nerves, which are usually not seen on CT, are much better appreciated on MR imaging. Because of its multiplanar capability, lesions adjacent to the skull base are better demonstrated on coronal and sagittal planes. CT is able to show calcification, subarachnoid haemorrhage and acute haematoma better than MR. In acutely-ill patients with cerebro-vascular accident and head trauma, CT is also found to be more useful than MR. This article also gives a suggested guideline of the clinical applications of MR as a primary or complementary imaging modality.

Brain↗
PubMed1999

[Dorso-posterior extraperitoneal pelviscopy (DEP). From experiment to initial clinical application].

BACKGROUND: Dorsoposterior and/or perineal access to pelvic connective tissue spaces has lost its importance due to improved transabdominal techniques. Because of the development of minimally invasive surgery towards "soft-tissue endoscopy" we were interested in whether the video-assisted technique could give new impetus to the perineal approach. Successful experiments on corpses were followed by the first clinical application. METHODS: After the dilation of the retrorectal, rectovaginal and rectoprostatical spaces with a dissecting balloon, pneumoextraperitoneum was established and all extraperitoneal structures of the pelvis could be dissected. RESULTS: In the experimental and in the clinical situation the spaces could be perfectly surveyed. EXPERIMENTALLY: Complete, circular preparation of the rectum was achieved. Parts of the bladder, vagina and prostate were visualized ventrally. Laterally both ureters and the paraproctal and iliacal vessels could be dissected. In the clinical application the retrorectal space could be dilated without problems and it could be rinsed and drained. Postoperatively no complications were recorded. The patient could be discharged on the 17th postoperative day. CONCLUSION: The described method is suitable for clinical use. Besides the described indication, further surgical applications exists.

Diverticulitis, Colonic↗
PubMed1988

Clinical applications of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and its analogues.

The clinical applications of GnRH and its analogues are discussed. GnRH can be used diagnostically to assess the releasable pool of LH and the status of gonadotrophin secretion. Clinically it can be used to induce follicle growth and ovulation in patients with hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea, especially when given in pulsatile form, and there are reports that it might also stimulate spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Analogues are proving valuable in the treatment of precocious puberty, but are not yet practical for contraception. They are more valuable in the treatment of endometriosis, hormone-dependent cancers, the polycystic ovary and for the induction of ovulation for in-vitro fertilization.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Clinical applications of LHRH analogues.

What is the current state of clinical application of inhibition of gonadal activity with LHRH agonists or antagonists? It seems unlikely in the short term that antagonists will be widely applied due to the short-acting nature of the present compounds and their troublesome side-effects. In contrast clinical studies with a number of agonists have demonstrated their efficacy in producing a hypogonadal state safely with rapid recovery following cessation of therapy. Although nasal administration may be suitable for short-term suppression (up to 28 days) it seems likely that long-acting depot preparations will be useful for more prolonged suppression. Perhaps the easiest application to determine will be the profound suppression required to produce medical castration in hormone-dependent tumours. The combination of agonist and receptor blocker is attractive particularly when the receptor blocker like cyproterone acetate also suppresses the release of LH, FSH and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. In cancer of the prostate and breast the side-effects due to inhibition of secretion of testosterone and oestradiol are tolerable although the only benefit over castration is the avoidance of minor surgery. The agonists should improve significantly the existing treatment for precocious puberty, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and induction of ovulation although large scale trials comparing different therapies and doses are required. Finally, the concept of combination therapies to block further the influence of steroid hormones suggests challenging possibilities for even more effective therapy.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2002

Technical challenges and clinical applications of magnetic resonance enteroclysis.

With the advent of gradient systems the image quality of ultrafast pulse sequences, i.e., half Fourier acquisition single shot turbo spin echo (HASTE), true fast imaging with steady-state processing and fast low angle shot (FLASH), improved substantially and clinical applications including small bowel imaging became feasible. Within this context, magnetic resonance enteroclysis was developed as a comprehensive examination of the small bowel, providing luminal, transmural, and exoenteric diagnostic information of small bowel abnormalities. Clinical applications of magnetic resonance enteroclysis include diagnostic evaluation and follow-up of patients with inflammatory or neoplastic diseases and small bowel obstruction.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2005

Geometric analysis of the V-Y advancement flap and its clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: Geometry is fundamental in the comprehension of local flap design. The purpose of this study was to discuss the differences between the V-Y advancement flap and other local flaps, understand its geometry, and analyze its clinical applications. METHODS: The analysis was based on qualitative measurements of an injury, taking into consideration the following dimensions: largest diameter, shortest diameter, and depth. Standardization of the flap design consisted of directing its advancement over the shortest diameter and making the V base match the size of the largest diameter. The flap was analyzed in two planes: the horizontal plane includes the V-Y design and the vertical plane includes the flap pedicle. The height of the flap can be obtained by simple trigonometry, taking into consideration the largest diameter and alpha angle in the horizontal plane. In the vertical plane, where the pedicle and pivot plane are positioned, for known shortest diameter and depth, the final depth of the pivot plane can be calculated using Pythagoras' principles. RESULTS: This analysis was applied to 25 patients with adequate skin coverage at follow-up. A correction factor was added to reduce the overdeepening of the vertical plane calculations. The final concepts for clinical application in the classic deep pedicle V-Y flap design are to calculate the length of the V by modifying the alpha angle and to move the pivot plane deeper to accomplish optimal flap movement. CONCLUSIONS: Using these principles, tension-free closure of the Y and appropriate advancement of the flap are obtained.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Urinary nucleosides in leukemia: laboratory and clinical applications.

Urinary nucleosides offer a number of useful laboratory and clinical applications in the study and analysis of leukemia. There are significant differences in the excretion of modified nucleosides between normal individuals and individuals with various forms of leukemia, as well as between leukemia patients at opposite ends of the clinical spectrum, i.e., those with active disease and those in remission. The nucleoside excretion levels correlate to bone marrow tumor burden in certain forms of leukemia, and limited serial data indicate the potential value of the nucleosides for predicting relapse before the disease deterioration can be recognized clinically. In addition, it may be feasible to assess the effectiveness of chemotherapy used in the treatment of leukemia much more rapidly with the urinary nucleoside markers than with conventional invasive methods.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Serum and tissue thyroglobulin measurement: clinical applications in thyroid disease.

Since the first demonstration by Van Herle et al. that thyroglobuling (Tg), the main iodo-protein of the thyroid gland, was detectable in the circulation of normal subjects by using specific radioimmunoassay, an impressive amount of papers has been produced, describing several clinical applications of Tg measurements. Now, measurement of Tg is the mainstay in the post-surgical follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer and an integral part in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with benign thyroid diseases. In this article we will review the most relevant clinical application of Tg measurements in the blood and in other biological material, including: a) serum Tg in perinatal age and congenital hypothyroidism; b) serum Tg measurements in thyrotoxicosis factitia and in other thyrotoxic conditions associated with low iodine uptake; c) differential diagnosis of thyroid and parathyroid cysts; and d) clinical relevance of Tg measurement in thyroid cancer.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 672 cases of VATS. There were 17 thoracic diseases such as emphysema, bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax, massive bullae, benign tumor of mediastinum, cyst of mediastinum, pulmonary benign tumors, hydropericardium, malignant pleural fluid, etc. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 57 minutes and there were no intraoperative complications. The bleeding during the operation was less than 100 mL. Postoperative pneumothorax occurred in 4 patients and among them 2 patients were of relapse after 1 month. The intrathoracic drain in most patients was removed with an average of 2. 5 days. A supplementary incision was needed in 10 cases: Six were due to the adhesion of full pleural cavity and 4 were found with the malignant tumor during the operation. CONCLUSION: VATS is an alternative approach that provides a safe, less invasive, and effective operation for treating spontaneous pneumothorax, benign tumor of mediastinum, cyst of mediastinum, pulmonary benign tumors, pericardial perfusion, and acute chest trauma patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The clinical application of proteomics.

BACKGROUND: Proteomics is defined as a scientific approach used to elucidate all protein species within a cell or tissue, and many researchers are taking advantage of proteomic technology to elucidate protein changes between healthy and diseased states. METHODS: The application of proteomic techniques and strategies to the field of medicine is slowly transforming the way biomarker discovery is conducted. However, the complexity of serum is the source of both its promise to clinical applications and its challenge to proteomic analysis. Like any new technology when it is first introduced, proteomics has been touted with much hope and promise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We provide a review of the clinical application of proteomics with the emphasis on current practical issues and challenges facing proteomic research.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Clinical applications of two-dimensional/Doppler echocardiography.

The number of clinical applications for which Doppler echocardiography can, or could, be used is substantial. We must acknowledge that in our institution, the use of pulsed Doppler echocardiography is relatively routine, and we are enthusiastic about its contributions to diagnostic echocardiography. Having used Doppler echocardiography in our laboratory for a number of years, we are impressed that the study of intracardiac flow disturbances helps us understand clinical cardiac disorders more fully, and we believe the technique will become more widespread over the next few years. At present, we believe pulsed Doppler to be a useful and often necessary part of the echocardiographic evaluation of patients with valvular and congenital heart disease. Moreover, the prospects for using Doppler echocardiography to quantitate volume flow and ventricular function appear intriguing and promising. Other potential applications which we discussed, though only speculative at present, may well be realized as future technologic improvements occur. Thus, the future of pulsed Doppler echocardiography appears exciting.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed2001

Toward clinical application of prompt gamma spectroscopy for in vivo monitoring of boron uptake in boron neutron capture therapy.

In boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) the absorbed dose to the tumor cells and healthy tissues depends critically on the boron uptake. Pronounced individual variations in the uptake patterns have been observed for two boron compounds currently used in clinical trials. This implies a high uncertainty in the determination of the boron dose component. In the present work a technique known as prompt gamma spectroscopy (PGS) is studied that potentially can be used for in vivo and noninvasive boron concentration determination at the time of the treatment. The technique is based upon measurement of gamma rays promptly emitted in the 10B(n,alpha)7Li and 1H(n,gamma)2D reactions. The aim of this work is to prepare the present setup for clinical application as a monitor of boron uptake in BNCT patients. Therefore, a full calibration and a set of phantom experiments were performed in a clinical setting. Specifically, a nonuniform boron distribution was studied; a skin/ dura, a larger blood vessel, and tumor within a head phantom was simulated. The results show that it is possible to determine a homogeneous boron concentration of 5 microg/g within +/-3% (1 standard deviation). In the nonuniform case, this work shows that the boron concentration can be determined through a multistep measurement procedure, however, with a somewhat higher uncertainty (approximately 10%). The present work forms the basis for a subsequent clinical application of the PGS setup aimed at in vivo monitoring of boron uptake.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical application of oxygen saturation pulse oximeter in otolaryngological field].

Recently, we had opportunity to use an oxygen saturation pulse oximeter (minolta pulsox-7) which is a compact, light-weight device and allows continuous, percutaneous easy determination of arterial blood oxygen saturation. We obtained the following results from clinical application of this device in the field of otorhinolaryngology. 1. There was a high coefficient of correlation (0.899) between the values of oxygen saturation determined with a Minolta Pulsox-7 and an arterial blood gas analyzer. 2. This instrument was simple to handle and was clinically applicable, and seems to be highly useful for a) timing of tracheostomy, b) objective evaluation of dyspnea, c) monitor of nasal surgery under local anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Artificial heart research and present status of clinical application in Japan.

Japan has a long history of research and development of the artificial heart since Atsumi began studying artificial hearts at the University of Tokyo in 1959. Since that time, the University of Tokyo group has been developing different types of artificial hearts, as well as materials, blood pumps, driving mechanisms, and control methods. Other than the University of Tokyo, there are 12 institutes involved in artificial heart research and development in Japan. As for artificial heart clinical application in Japan, four devices were approved by the government; two are domestic, two are imported. Between 1980 and 2004, 697 cases of clinical application of a ventricular assist device (VAD) have been performed, including in 38 pediatric patients under 18 years. Recently, clinical use of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support has been increasing with 600 to 800 cases being performed every year, including in 40 to 60 patients under age 20 years. Although the requirement for clinical use of pediatric VADs is increasing, there is no device, domestic or imported, currently used in Japan; therefore, there is an urgent need for development of a pediatric VAD.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on myeloid cells and its clinical applications.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a naturally occurring growth factor produced by several cell types in response to a variety of stimuli. GM-CSF has potent stimulatory effects on the growth and maturation of hematopoietic cells and has profound effects on mature circulating effector cells. Clinical applications of GM-CSF include ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and enhancing hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. This review evaluates the effect of GM-CSF on myeloid cells and its clinical applications.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical applications of argon plasma coagulation in endoscopy.

The argon plasma coagulator is a device used for noncontact thermal coagulation of tissue. The device was first used in open and laparoscopic surgical procedures and in 1991 was adapted for use in endoscopy. Since then, argon plasma coagulation has expanded its clinical applications in the treatment of various gastrointestinal conditions. The endoscopy nurse plays an important role in the care of patients before, during, and after argon plasma coagulation treatment. This article reviews the principles and components of the argon plasma coagulator, and provides a summary of the various clinical applications, patient safety practices, and potential complications of argon plasma coagulation therapy.

Angiodysplasia↗