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Results for “Child Reactive Disorders”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Reliability and diagnostic efficacy of parents' reports regarding children's exposure to marital aggression.

Mothers, fathers, and 8- to 11-year-old children from 181 two-parent families independently reported on the occurrence of husband-to-wife physical aggression and wife-to-husband physical aggression; parents additionally indicated whether the child had been witness to the aggression. First this study examined interspousal agreement regarding whether parents have been physically aggressive toward one another and whether the child has witnessed interparental physical aggression. There was moderate agreement between parents as to the occurrence of physical aggression and only fair agreement as to whether the child saw or heard the aggression. Second, this study explored the diagnosticity of a joint parent report as an indicator of child exposure to marital aggression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are presented separately for husbands' and wives' aggression, indicating the explicit trade-off between true positives (sensitivity) and false positives (one minus specificity) in using the joint parent report as a diagnostic indicator. Standard ROC analysis suggests that the joint parent report is equally diagnostic in predicting children's reports of exposure to husbands' and wives' aggression. Finally, decisions regarding how to use parent reports as an indicator of children's exposure to marital aggression are discussed as depending on the base rate of child reports of exposure and the objective sought in classifying children and/or families.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Role of maternal functioning and parenting skills in adolescent functioning following parental divorce.

While divorce has been associated with impaired child functioning, the mechanisms within the divorce process leading to such an outcome have rarely been examined. The following hypothesis was examined: Divorce is associated with poor parental adjustment or disrupts parenting behavior, or both, which leads to poor adolescent functioning. Subjects were 121 and 93 young adolescents from intact and recently divorced families, respectively, and their mothers and teachers. Mothers completed measures assessing parental conflict and depression, observers coded parenting skills during a mother-adolescent interaction, and teachers completed measures assessing adolescent functioning. Although the magnitude of differences was not large, analyses of variance indicated that the divorced sample was functioning poorer than the married sample on all measures except interparental conflict. Path analysis suggested that parental functioning and parenting skills play a role in adolescent functioning following divorce.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

A prevention program for bereaved children.

The death of a parent seriously threatens children's social and emotional development. When the death can be anticipated, early intervention may facilitate children's adjustment. A prevention program designed to enable parents to foster their children's necessary grief work and resolution of the loss is described.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Dealing with the abdication dynamic in the post divorce family: a context for adolescent crisis.

Separation and divorce can exacerbate or precipitate abdication of parental functions. This is often associated with disengagement and acting-out by the adolescent offspring. This paper describes a therapy oriented to the management of four specific processes: (a) the restoration of parental nurturing functions, which tend to collapse under the personal and interpersonal tensions of divorce, with the result that the adolescent is without sustenance or seeks it elsewhere; (b) the recovery of parental guiding and controlling functions; (c) the correction of distortions that accompany the separation process and restoration of a relatively more accurate view of family reality; and (d) the repair of parental unity. Excerpts from a case study are used to illustrate the orchestration of this therapy.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1983

Joint custody: preliminary impressions.

Joint custody is currently a popular and debatable issue. It is felt that some of the controversy is due to the lack of agreement on a definition. Following some examples of the differences in personal and judicial definitions of joint custody, a classification of custody is offered. Four types of custody arrangements are described: Absolute Sole Custody, Sole Custody, Non-Alternating Joint Custody (disputed and undisputed) and Alternating Joint Custody (disputed and undisputed). A critical review of the literature follows. Finally, clinical impressions about the two types of joint custody are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

A Jungian approach to the Rorschach: an exploration of differing patterns of aggression.

Rorschach responses of institutionalized adolescent males exhibiting different patterns of aggressive behavior were analyzed from the perspective of Jung's archetypal psychology. Distinct differences in the individual's relationship to archetypal processes were found and were consistent with the behavioral expression of aggression. The study supports McCully's view that Rorschach plates have a potential capacity to stimulate the archetypal structure of the psyche with the resulting archetypal energies influencing the perceptual experience of the observer in lawful and ordered ways. The relationship to archetypal influence is an important but often neglected factor in the adolescent's task of becoming a separate and individual personality. A rich commentary on each individual's protocol by Professor McCully is included to more fully illustrate the archetypal approach to Rorschach symbolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

["I tried to be as defiant as possible". Case histories with autobiographical diaries: relationship with the custodial parent during childhood as recalled by young adults].

The predominant structural orientation of divorce research which either ignores or under represents to a great extent the child's perspective and his/her agency is criticized. As a consequence of these methodological shortcomings not only the production of scientific knowledge but also professional practice working with children from divorced families might be negatively affected--especially the regulation of custody and visiting issues. Therefore, the aim of this article is to give children a voice in describing their own experiences of visits and relationships with the non-residential father or mother during childhood and adolescence (sometimes until adulthood). By presenting numerous detailed autobiographical narratives from children of divorced parents, the study revealed a great diversity of visiting patterns as well as different relationship qualities ranging from loving to negative. In addition, visiting patterns and relationship qualities were not always static but were dynamic and changed over time, whereby the child's personality and agency contributed to this diversity and these processes. Finally, methodological recommendations are offered and it is suggested that the child's perspective and agency should be included in research about children of divorce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A stepfamily in formation.

The increasing incidence of stepparenthood requires that mental health clinicians develop skills for helping members of two families form a viable new family unit. This paper conceptualizes stages in the development of the reconstituted family. Case material describes a scapegoated child as the focus of conflict in one family's progression through these stages.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

The role of identification in the resolution of trauma: the Anna Freud memorial lecture.

In studies on the consequences of trauma, identifications have too often been overlooked. Trauma is experienced as an assault and can lead to an automatic, unconscious identification with the aggressor. Trauma is associated with a constellation of identifications, including identification with the aggressor, with the victim, with the rescuer, and with the caregiver. Identifications are important for the recovery from and mastery of trauma.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Evaluating a primary prevention program for children of divorce.

The effectiveness of a primary prevention program for children of divorce is evaluated. Subjects included 82 mother-child pairs. Mothers had been separated for 33 months or less and did not have prior histories of using mental health services. Subjects were assigned to one of four conditions: (a) the Children's Support Group alone (CSG), (b) the CSG and the Single Parents' Support Group (SPSG), (c) the SPSG alone, or (d) a no-treatment control group. Data collected before, after, and 5 months following intervention, were analyzed using analyses of covariance with preintervention scores as covariates and pre-post and post-follow-up difference scores as dependent measures. Children in the CSG-alone condition improved most in self-concept and parents in the SPSG-alone condition improved the most in adjustment. Improvements were either maintained or did not change differentially across groups at follow up. Adaptive social skills of CSG-alone children compared to children in the CSG/SPSG groups showed significant post-to-follow-up improvements.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1988

Sex differences in children's response to parental divorce: 1. Research methodology and postdivorce family forms.

This two-part review documents inconsistencies in the empirical basis for the hypothesis that boys are more negatively affected than are girls by parental divorce. An attempt is made to move beyond a global hypothesis to one specifying circumstances for the pattern. Part 1 asks whether methodological adequacy or postdivorce family forms in the studies help explain the discrepancy across studies that examine sex differences in children's response to parental divorce. Part 2, reviewing other possible sources for the discrepancy, will appear in a forthcoming issue of this Journal.

Child↗