SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
"This paper presents an analysis of the 1985 census [of Kiribati] and compares projections made on the basis of that analysis with the 1990 enumeration. Comparison is made throughout with the estimates derived from [the] 1978 census." Information is provided on population growth and structure, child and adult mortality, marriage and first birth, and fertility.
The author uses data from the 1981 Peruvian census to determine the size and characteristics of the indigenous population of the Amazon region. "The document includes a series of graphs and tables comparing ethnic group, province and district categories, which could constitute a first data base and an important source of comparison with information coming from the recent (1993) census." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Results of the 1982 census of St. Pierre and Miquelon are presented. "Six thousand inhabitants, a population which continues to grow in spite of a negative migratory flow and a declining birth rate, a deficit of women in the 25-45 age group: such are the main results of an initial examination of the population census of the smallest French department, St-Pierre-et-Miquelon." (summary in ENG, SPA)
"This paper surveys the literature on the major censuses recorded in the Old Testament, those taken by Moses and that taken by David. It also reviews the Biblical origins and ramifications of the superstition against being counted in a census."
"The form in which migration information is likely to be provided from the 1991 Census [of the United Kingdom] is reviewed, and suggestions are made about how this provision can be improved for the academic research community, building on the experience of the 1981 Census. The recommendations add considerable value to the information at relatively low cost."
"The [purpose] of this article is to explain the main differences between the concepts and the [collection procedures] of income distribution data used in [the] 1980 demographic census and in [the] 1979 and 1981 household surveys in Brazil. The article also comments [on] some differences about the data information on income distribution produced by census and household surveys." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
"This article contains a brief commentary on already published preliminary census results [for Czechoslovakia].... The author paid special attention to the data on nationality...and to changes since 1980 and, above all, to the numbers of inhabitants of Moravian and Silesian nationality but also to smaller nationality groups, including their territorial distribution." For the first time in 40 years, a question on religious affiliation was included in the Czech census, and consideration is given here to the responses. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)
BACKGROUND: The surveillance of occupational injury mortality in the United States has evolved over the last century. Currently there are two different data sources used for the study of occupational injury mortality. Each system varies in methodology, leading to different census counts. We provide an overview and analysis of similarities and differences in these two systems. METHODS: The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) were examined for civilian deaths at work in the United States from 1992 to 1997. RESULTS: There were 31,643 occupational injury mortality cases according to NTOF and 37,023 from CFOI for civilian workers 16-years and older in the United States for the 6-year period of analysis. The annual average occupational injury mortality rates were 4.5 per 100,000 full time equivalent workers from NTOF and 5.2 from CFOI. The higher capture rate by CFOI was consistent across each of the 6 years. Similar patterns for demographics, industry, and occupation, and type of incident were seen for both systems. CONCLUSIONS: While NTOF provides more years of data dating back to 1980, CFOI (established in 1992) provides a more comprehensive capture of occupational injury mortality and provides greater detail of the mortality incidents. The overall injury mortality patterns, however, appear to be similar between the systems.
This paper presents data obtained in a one-day census investigation in five European countries (Austria, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia). The census forms were filled in for 4191 psychiatric inpatients. Concerning legal status, 11.2% were hospitalised against their will (committed) and 21.4% were treated in a ward with locked doors. There was only a small correlation between commitment and treatment in a locked ward. More frequent than treatment of committed patients in locked wards was treatment of committed patients in open wards (Austria, Hungary) and treatment of voluntary patients in closed wards (Slovakia, Slovenia). Concerning employment, 27.7% of patients aged 18-60 held a job before admission. The vast majority of patients (84.8%) had a length of stay of less than 3 months. A comparison of these data with the results of a study performed in 1996 and using the same method shows a decrease of rates of long-stay patients. In 1996 the rates of employment were significantly higher in Romania (39.3%) and Slovakia (42.5%) compared to Austria (30.7%). These differences disappeared in 1999 due to decreasing rates of employment in Romania and Slovakia. The numbers of mental health personnel varies between types of institution (university or non-university) and countries, being highest in Austria and lowest in Romania. A considerable increase in the numbers of staff was found in Slovakia.
UNLABELLED: We determined the profiles of the board-certified pain physician workforce and the profiles of those residing near medical pain practices. Data from a mail survey of U.S. pain specialists were compared with U.S. Census data, and different settings and types of practices were contrasted. The 750 respondents (32.1%) were similar to the entire board-certified group in age, geographic distribution, and primary specialty. Although pain practices were underrepresented in rural areas, their prevalence was unrelated to other demographic data. Ninety-six percent of pain physicians treated chronic pain; 84% followed patients longitudinally; 31% worked in an academic environment; 50% had an interdisciplinary practice; and 29% focused on a single modality. Academics were more likely to be neurologists (P < .05) and to have had a pain fellowship (P < or = .0001). Modality-oriented practitioners were more likely to be anesthesiologists (P < or = .0001) and were less likely to follow patients with chronic pain longitudinally (P < or = .0001), provide training to fellows, prescribe controlled substances (P < or = .0001, respectively), or require an opioid contract (P < or = .01). Although boarded specialists learn from similar curricula and must pass a certifying examination, their practices vary considerably. Data are needed to further clarify the nature of workforce variation, its impact on patient care, and the role of other pain management clinicians. PERSPECTIVE: A survey of board-certified pain specialists reveals considerable variation in practice and a total number of specialists that is probably insufficient to meet the needs of the population with chronic pain. The location of pain management practices largely corresponds to census data, with the exception of underrepresentation in rural areas.
Within an increasingly articulate policy framework, changes to the United Kingdom National Health Service have taken place and these have impacted on mental health service provision. They have particular implications for the work of community mental health nurses (CMHNs). Since 1980, a five-yearly national census of CMHNs has been conducted. Selected findings from the latest census, commissioned by the Department of Health, are set within the context of data derived from the three previous studies. Substantive implications which flow from the changes detected in the practice, organisation and management, and education of community mental health nurses in England and Wales, are discussed.
BACKGROUND: The German Neonatal Census provides epidemiological data in the field of perinatology particularly concerning the rates of preterm birth and the mortality and morbidity of preterm infants. MATERIALS: All but two inquiries in Germany in 2001 were analyzed, covering 87% of all live births. RESULTS: The transfer rate from obstetric departments to children's hospitals/neonatological wards was 14.6% of which 87.4% were singletons, 11.5% were twins and 1.1% were triplets or higher order births. 1.3% of all admitted patients were born before 32 weeks gestational age and the mortality rate was 9.1%. After 28 weeks gestational age the mortality rate was lower for twins than for singletons, after 32 weeks gestational age it was lower for triplets as well. In 17.4% of all patients born before 28 weeks gestational age a high grade intracranial hemorrhage (B III and IV) was found and in 6.2% a periventricular leukomalacia was seen. 15.8% of all surviving preterm infants before 28 weeks developed ROP 3 + >. CONCLUSIONS: A synopsis of all neonatal censuses is an appropriate tool to study morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Comparing the results with published data of large cohorts make the presented results reasonable although documentation seems to need some improvement in several fields.
Inadequate data and apartheid policies have meant that, until recently, most demographers have not had the opportunity to investigate the level of, and trend in, the fertility of South African women. The 1996 South Africa Census and the 1998 Demographic and Health Survey provide the first widely available and nationally representative demographic data on South Africa since 1970. Using these data, this paper describes the South African fertility decline from 1955 to 1996. Having identified and adjusted for several errors in the 1996 Census data, the paper argues that total fertility at that time was 3.2 children per woman nationally, and 3.5 children per woman for African South Africans. These levels are lower than in any other sub-Saharan African country. We show also that fertility in South Africa has been falling since the 1960s. Thus, fertility transition predates the establishment of a family planning programme in the country in 1974.
This study presents a method of estimating the degree to which people change their racial/ethnic identity from one census enumeration to another. The technique is applied to the classification of skin colour in Brazil (white, black, brown, yellow). For the period 1950-80, the findings show a deficit of 38 per cent in the black category and a gain of 34 per cent in the brown category, suggesting that a large proportion of individuals who declared themselves black in 1950 reclassified themselves as brown in 1980. Estimates for 1980-90, adjusted for the effects of international migration, reveal a similar pattern, although the magnitude of colour reclassification may have declined somewhat during the 1980s. Procedures to determine the stability of racial/ethnic identity produce data useful to recent policy initiatives that rely on demographic censuses to measure changes in the status of minority groups in less developed countries.
All Commonwealth census authorities have posed questions about identity in the millennium round of enumerations. The most controversial issue has been ethnicity. No universal definition or classification system has been devised and each of the 71 states and dependencies has tended to pursue the enquiry in virtual isolation from its neighbours. The attempt to describe the population in terms of race and ethnicity has been inherited from the colonial era. More recently the requirements of monitoring affirmative-action programmes in multicultural populations have resulted in the introduction or refinement of questions on these categories. A few states-a small minority of Commonwealth countries-remain hostile to such enquiries. Where the issues of race and identity are not pursued, questions of nationality, language, and religion often fill the gaps left, adding further refinements to the definition of identity. An examination of current questioning about identity in Commonwealth censuses reveals a highly complex picture.
PURPOSE: The goal of our study was to identify a representative sample of direct care aides to generate an accurate profile of the long-term-care workforce, with a special focus on home care workers. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were taken from the 5% Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) of the 2000 Census. RESULTS: Variable coding in the 2000 Census data allowed for a more detailed identification of long-term-care workers than was available in previous studies. On the basis of this new sample, the estimated size of the home care workforce is much larger than that in previous estimates, and it is more heterogeneous. In addition, our analyses revealed more self-employed workers, higher salaries than previously reported, and greater ethnic diversity, with Hispanics or Latinos comprising a significant proportion of the home care workforce. IMPLICATIONS: Numerous state and federal programs are currently underway to increase the capacity of the long-term-care workforce. A more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the long-term-care workforce will facilitate more effective development of programs designed to enhance recruitment and retention of these workers to meet the increasing demands of future years.
The emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae poses new clinical challenges and may also reflect a change in the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae infections. A variety of studies have shown that drug-resistant S. pneumoniae infections are linked to antimicrobial use. It has been hypothesized that persons of high socioeconomic status are at increased risk for a drug-resistant infection because of greater access to antimicrobial drugs. To assess whether median household income is associated with increased risk of penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae infections, the authors geocoded and linked data from population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease with data from the 1990 US Census. Among invasive pneumococcal isolates from Atlanta, Georgia, in 1994, increasing proportions of penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates were associated with higher median household incomes (chi2 for trend, 15.17; p=0.002). Despite higher rates of invasive pneumococcal disease among blacks and persons who resided within lower median household income areas, white patients in areas with higher median household income had a higher risk of being infected with strains that were not susceptible to penicillin (Wilcoxon rank sum, Z=2.66, p=0.008). These findings demonstrated the utility of geocoding and US Census data in describing the epidemiology of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae and also provided more evidence that socioeconomic factors may influence the development of drug resistance.
BACKGROUND: Data on health or health service use are invariably used to test the validity of proxy measures of need, for use in resource allocation formulae. Perceived health state is a good measure to use in this respect, as it is closely linked to perceived need and the decision to consult health services. This being the case, a large community based study was undertaken which collected data on perceived health, using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), with the aim of testing the validity of a variety of Census based measures as proxy measures of the need for health care. METHOD: A postal questionnaire survey of 9565 people living in the former South East Thames Regional Health Authority was conducted and the relationship between their perceived health state and the socio-economic characteristics of their electoral ward of residence analysed. RESULTS: A relatively low response rate (59 per cent) weakened any conclusions to be drawn from the results. However, significant correlations between perceived health and a variety of the Census based indicators were found. The highly skewed distribution of responses to the NHP statements made the results difficult to analyse and interpret. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study gave an indication of those variables that might be incorporated into resource allocation formulae, the NHP is not a particularly efficient instrument to use in a community setting. It is argued that the appropriateness of an approach to determining appropriate needs weights in allocation formulae, which attempts to find one indicator of all health care needs at the District Health Authority level, must be questioned.