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Cardenolides of Trachomitum sarmatiense Woodson.

From the roots of Trachomitum sarmatiense Woodson (Apocynaceae) 5 cardial glycosides were isolated. Among them 4 substances were identified: cymarin and k-strophanthin-beta, and two derivatives of cannogen: apocannosid and apobiosid. In the overground part of the plant, the cardenolides were not found.

Cardanolides↗
PubMed1975

Calcium-dependent depolarizations and contractions in ventricular myocardial fibers: effects of adrenaline and cardiac glycosides.

Intracellular membrane potentials and contractions were recorded in ventricular trabeculae from sheep and calf hearts. Using a sucrose gap and constant current pulses of 500 msec duration, Ca-dependent depolarizations were elicited in Ca-containing Tyrode's solution + tetrodotoxin (TTX) (1-2 X 10(-5) gm/ml; [Na]e 149.2 mM) or in Na-free solution with sucrose as sodium substitute. Adrenaline (10(-8) -5 X 10(-7) gm/ml), which has been shown to enhance Ca inward current, increased (dV/dt)max and contractile force both in Na-free and in Na-containing solutions + TTX. Digitoxigenin (10(-7) -3 X 10(-7) gm/ml), however, did not change (dV/dt)max and contractions in the absence of Na. In the presence of Na (+TTX), digitoxigenin increased contractile force but decreased (dV/dt)max. Under the assumption that the Ca-dependent depolarizations are carried by Ca it is concluded 1) that in contrast to adrenaline, digitoxigenin does not increase the permeability of the myocardial cell membrane to Ca and 2) that the positive inotropic effect of digitoxigenin is not due to an enhancement in Ca inward current during depolarization.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

Pharmacological studies of a new 4-aminosugar cardiac glycoside (ASI-222).

ASI-222,3beta-O-(4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosyl) digitoxigenin, is a semi-synthetic cardiac glycoside patterned after a natural glycoside obtained from Cambodia. Effects of ASI-222 on contractile force in the isolated rabbit atria, cardiac contractile force, cardiac rate, ventricular excitability and functional refractory period in dogs, and acute toxicity in mice have been compared to those effects of ouabain. Both electrically driven and spontaneously beating atria demonstrated more rapid onset and greater maximum increases in contractile force with ASI-222 than with ouabain in equal bath concentrations. In the dog, ASI-222 increased cardiac contractile force more rapidly and at a lower cumulative dose than ouabain. Moreover, the maximum increase in contractile force obtained with ASI-222 was greater than that obtained with ouabain. The occurrence of ventricular ectopic beats was observed at a higher cumulative dose of ASI-222 than for ouabain. Also, ASI-222 produced a decrease in ventricular excitability and an increase in functional refractory period ot the ventricle. Ouabain, in the same molar dose, produced either no change or a slight increase in these parameters. Our data indicate that ASI-222 has a greater therapeutic index than ouabain. This difference may be partially explained by effects of ASI-222 on electrical properties of the heart.

Aminoglycosides↗