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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Corynebacterium JK (Johnson-Kay strain) infection of a Küntscher-nailed tibial fracture.

A slow-growing Corynebacterium was isolated in pure culture from pus of a Küntscher-nailed tibial fracture. The strain was identified as Johnson-Kay strain or corynebacterium JK (CJK). This bacterium has been discovered recently and recognized as the cause of serious infections, especially in immunocompromized patients, polytraumatized patients, and patients with cardiac valve replacement. Superficial wounds can be colonized and hemocultures contaminated with CJK. Nosocomial spreading can occur. This microorganism is usually highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and requires therapy with vancomycin. This case was different from classic infections with "CJK" in several aspects. The infection occurred in a patient without underlying disease and the strain was sensitive to the antibiotic. The patient responded well to cephazolin treatment. Being part of the normal skin flora, Corynebacteria are often discarded as contaminants. A critical review of all clinical and laboratory data is necessary for the recognition of the infections and is important especially when a resistant strain is encountered.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical and hematological studies in experimental Corynebacterium infection in sheep].

Investigation were carried out with 24 sheep divided into groups of 12 animals each. The first group was subjected to the intrajoint infection via the lateral recess of the tarsum, using 2 cm3 of a 24-hour broth culture of Corynebacterium pyogenes for each animal, and the second one--to the i/v injection of 2 to 4 cm3 of the same broth culture. The clinical state and the morphologic changes in the blood were followed up in the course of 28 days. It was found that with such experimental suppurative surgical infection, caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes, there set in changes in the body temperature, and the pulse and respiration rates regardless of the route of infection. Both the haemoglobin and the erythrocyte count dropped, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate rose, and the latter was found to be due to the change in the total erythrocyte count. The intrajoint infection of the sheep led the rise of the total leukocyte count, while the i/v infection lowered it. Both test groups displayed aneosinophilia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and rise of the monocyte count, which depended on the way of infection and its clinical course. The suppurative surgical infection caused by intrajoint introduction of these bacteria set in at a slower rate and lasted for a longer time as against the single i/v infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A serologic method for the detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections in horses.

A serologic technique useful for detecting antibodies formed in horses in response to infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is described. The test relies on the ability of C. pseudotuberculosis toxin to produce a wide zone of hemolysis when applied to erythrocytes previously treated with a sterile filtrate of Corynebacterium equi broth culture. The synergistic hemolytic activity can be neutralized by anti-C. pseudotuberculosis serum. This test was used to analyze sera from 616 horses for the presence of C. pseudotuberculosis antitoxin. Of 177 animals (see Table 2) found positive, there were 34 horses with bacteriologically confirmed, active infections and 18 with active but unconfirmed infections. In addition, 13 animals had a history of having had the disease and 112 had no history or evidence of having had the infection. The other 439 horses had negative titers. Statistical treatments confirmed the value of the test as an epidemiological tool but precluded using only titers for the diagnosis of active clinical disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in lambs.

Lambs were inoculated IV with 3.2 X 10(3) colony forming units (CFU) to 3.2 X 10(6) CFU of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from a 6-hour broth culture supplemented with 0.1% sorbitan monooleate. After 28 days, multiple abscesses were observed in the lungs and lymph nodes. The number of abscesses in the lungs correlated with the inoculation dose. Two lambs given 10(5) CFU and 10(6) CFU died. Multiple abscesses occurred in other lambs given 10(6) CFU to 10(4) CFU and few abscesses occurred in lambs given 10(3) CFU. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from lung abscesses, inoculation site abscesses, and lymph node abscesses, but not from normal tissues. Because this procedure consistently induced abscesses in the lungs, we believe it will be a suitable challenge system for studies on the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Bacterial endocarditis due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae (author's transl)].

A case of bacterial endocarditis with unusual features in a 5 year-old boy is reported. There was no underlying heart disease or provocating factor. The organism was a non toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae which was difficult to classify. It appeared to be close to the JK group of Corynebacterium described by the Center for Disease Control and considered as possibly responsible for severe infections. However, it was sensitive to penicillin. The course of the disease was complicated by the destruction of coronary valves and by splenic infarctus. Replacement of the aortic valve with a prosthesis was necessary. The boy was finally cured but the outcome remains uncertain.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

[Corynebacterium urealyticum in kidney transplant patients].

BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium urealyticum may produce severe urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients with renal transplantation (RT). The aim of this study was to define the prevalence, clinical spectrum and risk factors for the development of symptomatic UTI in RT receptors with bacteriuria by C. urealyticum. METHODS: The clinical data of RT patients with bacteriuria by C. urealyticum diagnosed in the Hospital Doce de Octubre in Madrid from January 1990 to September 1993 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients corresponded to two clearly differentiated periods. In the first, the presence of C. urealyticum was not actively sought in the urine sample while in the second an intentional search was carried out in all the RT with a selective culture medium containing different antibiotics, Tween-80 and urea to facilitate C. urealyticum identification and growth. RESULTS: C. urealyticum was isolated in the urine of 46 patients (14% of the RT performed in the study period). In the first phase 16 cases were diagnosed with 30 being found in the second with the selective medium. Bacteriuria by C. urealyticum was symptomatic in 18 patients (39%): 12 acute cystitis, one encrusted cystitis (IC), and 5 encrusted pyelitis (IP). Of the symptomatic patients 39% had a history of prolonged vesical catheterization, 27% carried ureteral catheterization and 50% had undergone other urologic manipulations. The clinical consequences were important with development of obstructive uropathy and alteration in renal function (28%), need for surgery (33%) and graft loss (5.5%). All the C. urealyticum strains were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin which were useful in the treatment although the most severe cases (IC, IP) required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UTI by Corynebacterium urealyticum is high in RT patients. Occasionally, these infections may have severe consequences, particularly in patients with a history of urologic manipulation, if early diagnosis is not performed and adequate antibiotic treatment given. A selective culture medium should be used to isolate C. urealyticum in RT patients.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1993

Corynebacterium group D2 urinary tract infection.

An unusual multiply resistant corynebacterium was isolated from the urine of a comatose patient. This organism was resistant to sulphafurazole, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, cefazolin, nitrofurantoin, clindamycin, erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin, gentamicin, amikacin, cinoxacin, ceftazidime and cefotaxime, but was susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, vancomycin and fucidin. It was identified as the first reported isolate in South Africa of corynebacterium group D2, an organism recently implicated in alkaline-encrusted cystitis and urinary tract infection. We discuss the case history of the patient and review the literature.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1996

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: 538 cases (1982-1993).

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical manifestations of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses and to evaluate diagnostic methods for identification of this disease. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 538 horses with a diagnosis of C pseudotuberculosis infection. RESULTS: Median age of horses with external abscesses was similar to that in horses with internal abscesses. Breed and sex did not appear to be associated with infection. Cases were detected during all 12 months; however, the disease was most common in the fall and early winter, with the highest incidence in September, October, and November in every year. Most horses (492/538, 91.4%) had a single episode of infection, without recurrence in subsequent years. Of 538 horses, 308 had pectoral abscesses, although infection was documented in many other anatomic locations. Forty-two horses had internal abscesses involving the abdomen or thoracic cavity. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection was readily identified by bacterial culture of aspirate samples from abscesses. The synergistic hemolysis inhibition test was useful for diagnosis of internal abscesses; however, it was unreliable for the diagnosis of external abscesses. Horses with external abscesses responded well to conventional treatment, in contrast to those with internal abscesses. The overall case fatality was low (3.9%), and was considerably lower for horses with external abscesses (0.8%) than for horses with internal abscesses (40.5%). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Serology (synergistic hemolysis inhibition titers > or = 512) is useful for diagnosis of internal abscesses, but not reliable for diagnosis in horses with external abscesses. Prognosis for horses with internal abscesses is considerably poorer than for those with external abscesses.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

Corynebacterium JK: a new pathogen in ventriculostomy infections.

In the past decade, Corynebacterium JK has emerged as a pathogen in several distinct clinical settings, including sepsis in immunocompromised patients and prosthetic valve endocarditis. It is also recognized as a nosocomial pathogen in infections of prosthetic devices. We present a case of a patient with carcinomatous meningitis who developed a Corynebacterium JK infection of an internal ventriculostomy which was used for intraventricular chemotherapy. Treatment with systemic and intraventriculostomy vancomycin for three weeks resulted in bacteriologic resolution of the infection. Removal of the prosthetic device was not essential for cure in this patient. The clinical spectrum of infection with this organism and aspects of therapy are reviewed. As a greater awareness of the pathogenic nature of this organism develops, it is likely to be implicated as a causative agent in a variety of infections.

Corynebacterium Infections↗
PubMed1995

Production of isoleucine by overexpression of ilvA in a Corynebacterium lactofermentum threonine producer.

Overproduction of isoleucine, an essential amino acid, was achieved by amplification of the gene encoding threonine dehydratase, the first enzyme in the threonine to isoleucine pathway, in a Corynebacterium lactofermentum threonine producer. Threonine overproduction was previously achieved with C. lactofermentum ATCC 21799, a lysine-hyperproducing strain, by introduction of plasmid pGC42 containing the Corynebacterium homdr and thrB genes (encoding homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase respectively) under separate promoters. The pGC42 derivative, pGC77, also contains ilvA, which encodes threonine dehydratase. In a shake-flask fermentation, strain 21799(pGC77) produced 15 g/l isoleucine, along with small amounts of lysine and glycine. A molar carbon balance indicates that most of the carbon previously converted to threonine, lysine, glycine and isolecine was incorporated into isoleucine by the new strain. Thus, in our system, simple overexpression of wild-type ilvA sufficed to overcome the effects of feedback inhibition of threonine dehydratase by the end-product, isoleucine.

Acetolactate Synthase↗
PubMed1987

Degradation 1,2-dimethylbenzene by Corynebacterium strain C125.

In an attempt to obtain bacteria growing on 1,2-dimethylbenzene as sole carbon and energy source two different strains were isolated. One was identified as an Arthrobacter strain, the other as a Corynebacterium strain. Corynebacterium strain C125 was further investigated. The organism was not capable to grow on 1,3- and 1,4-dimethylbenzene. cis-1,2-Dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene oxidoreductase and 3,4-dimethylcatechol-2,3-dioxygenase activity was found in cell extracts. When 3,4-dimethylcatechol was added to cell extract of 1,2-dimethylbenzene-grown cells, first a compound with the spectral properties of 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoate was formed and subsequently acetate was produced. It is proposed that dioxygenases are involved in the initial steps of 1,2-dimethylbenzene degradation, and ring opening proceeds via meta-cleavage.

Arthrobacter↗
PubMed1983

Threo-beta-hydroxyornithine: a natural constituent of the peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium species Co 112.

Peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium species Co 112 (DSM 20606) exhibits an unknown amino acid. The amino acid was isolated from cell wall hydrolysates and identified as threo-beta-hydroxyornithine. This amino acid is found in the interpeptide bridge of the peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium sp. Co 112. The primary structure of this peptidoglycan is rather similar to that of Microbacterium liquefaciens. The only difference is the replacement of ornithine by threo-beta-hydroxyornithine. The mode of linkage of threo-beta-hydroxyornithine indicates that it is present as D-isomer.

Amino Acids, Diamino↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corynebacterium jeikeium bacteremia at a tertiary care center.

During a six-year period 23 patients with isolation of Corynebacterium jeikeium (formerly known as Corynebacterium group JK) from one or more blood cultures at a university hospital were identified. Cases occurred sporadically without time- or ward-related clustering. Review of the cases showed that most infections were nosocomial, that most of the patients had underlying malignant disease, had a chronic intravascular catheter implanted, had been pretreated with antibiotics, and were neutropenic at the time the blood cultures were drawn. Patients with only one versus those with more than one positive blood culture differed in some important aspects. Patients with only one positive blood culture were less likely to have acute leukemia, had significantly higher neutrophil counts and a shorter duration of preceding antibiotic treatment, and all had other probable causes of infection and fever. The mortality also appeared to be lower in these patients. Despite the possibility of increasing frequency of blood cultures positive for C. jeikeium, severe infections due to this organism continue to be largely confined to neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Fatal respiratory tract diphtheria apparently caused by nontoxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A major diphtheria epidemic affecting the whole population of St. Petersburg started in 1990. During the period of 1991 to 1995, 4600 patients with clinical respiratory tract diphtheria were treated in Botkin's Hospital. From 112 (2.4%) of these patients only a nontoxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated. Three patients with this strain who were suffering from clinical disease consistent with classical toxic diphtheria died. All had myocarditis, two had asphyxia due to membrane formation in the lower respiratory tract, and one had severe polyneuritis. In two patients the causative agent was of the biotype mitis and in the third intermedius, whereas the prevailing epidemic strain was of the biotype gravis. As the clinical presentation of the disease in the three patients who died was typical of toxic diphtheria, it is considered likely that the immunodiffusion test for toxin production in vitro may fail to detect strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae producing toxin in vivo.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Adherence and hemagglutination of Corynebacterium group D2.

Sixty-one strains of Corynebacterium group D2 were examined for their ability to adhere to human uroepithelial cells and to agglutinate human and guinea-pig erythrocytes. Strains were isolated from samples of two origins: urine of bacteriuric patients and healthy skin of patients without urinary infection. In addition, the isolates were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Heavy adherence to the uroepithelial cells but weak hemagglutination were noted. No statistical association was demonstrated between the adherence and the origin of the strains (65.2% of urinary isolates and 80% of healthy skin isolates were adherent). On transmission electron microscopy, a close association was observed between adherent bacteria and cells on thin sections and only few strains were piliated with negative staining. These results do not support a role of adherence as a predictor of pathogenicity of Corynebacterium group D2 which seems to act as an opportunistic pathogen in urinary tract infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of traditional and molecular methods for typing nontoxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Thirty-eight nontoxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated between 1987 and 1992 from clinical specimens of French patients were typed by biotyping, antibiograms, bacteriophage typing, ribotyping, and restriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Excellent correlation occurred between the genotypes defined by PFGE SfiI profiles or by ribotype BstEII profiles. Genotyping revealed seven genotype patterns among the 26 biotype mitis isolates, five among the nine biotype gravis isolates, and three among the three biotype belfanti isolates. Phage typing was nonreactive for nine of the 38 isolates. A combination of all the typing methods led to the identification of 19 different types of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Identification and functional analysis of six mycolyltransferase genes of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032: the genes cop1, cmt1, and cmt2 can replace each other in the synthesis of trehalose dicorynomycolate, a component of the mycolic acid layer of the cell envelope.

By data mining in the sequence of the Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 genome, six putative mycolyltransferase genes were identified that code for proteins with similarity to the N-terminal domain of the mycolic acid transferase PS1 of the related C. glutamicum strain ATCC 17965. The genes identified were designated cop1, cmt1, cmt2, cmt3, cmt4, and cmt5 ( cmt from corynebacterium mycolyl transferases). cop1 encodes a protein of 657 amino acids, which is larger than the proteins encoded by the cmt genes with 365, 341, 483, 483, and 411 amino acids. Using bioinformatics tools, it was shown that all six gene products are equipped with signal peptides and esterase domains. Proteome analyses of the cell envelope of C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 resulted in identification of the proteins Cop1, Cmt1, Cmt2, and Cmt4. All six mycolyltransferase genes were used for mutational analysis. cmt4 could not be mutated and is considered to be essential. cop1 was found to play an additional role in cell shape formation. A triple mutant carrying mutations in cop1, cmt1, and cmt2 aggregated when cultivated in MM1 liquid medium. This mutant was also no longer able to synthesize trehalose di coryno mycolate (TDCM). Since single and double mutants of the genes cop1, cmt1, and cmt2 could form TDCM, it is concluded that the three genes, cop1, cmt1, and cmt2, are involved in TDCM biosynthesis. The presence of the putative esterase domain makes it highly possible that cop1, cmt1, and cmt2 encode enzymes synthesizing TDCM from trehalose monocorynomycolate.

Arabidopsis Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Purification and characterization of succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase from Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase from Corynebacterium glutamicum, a high-G+C, Gram-positive bacterium, was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme contained two heme B molecules and three polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 67, 29 and 23 kDa, which corresponded to SdhA (flavoprotein), SdhB (iron-sulfur protein), and SdhC (membrane anchor protein), respectively. In non-denaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme migrated as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 410 kDa, suggesting that it existed as a trimer. The succinate dehydrogenase activity assayed using 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,6-dichloroindophenol as the electron acceptor was inhibited by 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO), and the Dixon plots were biphasic. In contrast, the succinate dehydrogenase activity assayed using phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichloroindophenol was inhibited by p-benzoquinone and not by HQNO. These findings suggested that the C. glutamicum succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase had two quinone binding sites. In the phylogenetic tree of SdhA, Corynebacterium species do not belong to the high-G+C group, which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptomyces coelicolor, but are rather close to the group of low-G+C, Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. This situation may have arisen due to the horizontal gene transfer.

Benzoquinones↗