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PubMed2002

[The chronic DIC associated with the neoplastic disease in patients of an advanced age].

The analysis included 80 patients (48 men and 32 women) aged 65 to 87 years, treated because of cancer of the stomach (34 causes) or of the large bowel (46 causes). In all the patients as well as in a control group made up of persons who were treated because of non-neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract the determinations were conducted of selected coagulological parameters: fibrinogen and D-dimer concentration, antithrombin III (AT III) activity, kaolin-cephalin index (APTT), prothrombin (PT), thrombin time (TT) and number of thrombocytes in the blood. The analysis of the results obtained showed that hemostasis disturbances of a chronic DIC character occur in 82.5% of persons of an advanced age ill with a cancer of the stomach or of the large bowel.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Immunochemical studies on purified common enterobacterial antigen (KUNIN).

A common antigen (KUNIN) purification method is described. The preparation obtained was highly antigenic, as proved by hemagglutination and its inhibition, and immunogenic in rabbits. Chemical analysis demonstrated the presence of an L-phosphoglycerid of the cephalin type, of protein, glucosamine, acetyl and glucose. The antigen had the character of an acidic polymer. It readily forms salt linkages with lysozyme. Phospholipase A induced the release of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids. It also destroyed both the antigenicity and immunogenicity of common antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Phospholipids under combined ozone-oxygen administration].

The parenterally application of oxygen-ozone gas mixture gives good resultats in the treatment of various deseases. Ozone seems to influence the metabolic process of fat, so it was of interest to analyse this influence especially to phospholipids. 40 women with gynaecological cancer got 10 ml oxygen-ozone gas mixture with a content of 450 gamma ozone into the cubital vene. Venous blood was removed before and 10 minutes after application and the level of lecithin, lysolecithin, cephalin and spingomyelin was determined by the method of Randerath. A decrease of all four substances was obvious, although all values remained in normal range.

Female↗
PubMed2003

[Impact of prior biological assessment of coagulation on the hemorrhagic risk of fiberoptic bronchoscopy].

INTRODUCTION: The goals of the study were to test the value of coagulation tests to predict bleeding events during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and to identify risk factors. METHODS: A monocentric prospective study of 426 procedures performed by one physician was realized. A standardized questionnaire and coagulation tests including prothrombine time, activated cephaline time and platelets counts were performed before the procedure. Bleeding events, defined by a loss of more than 50 ml of blood, were recorded for all patients. RESULTS: 44 patients (10.3%) had bleeding events, modifying the procedure in 19 cases. No death occurred following FOB during the study. Among the 17 patients with abnormalities on coagulation test before FOB, only one had significant bleeding. Two risk factors were found as predictors of bleeding events: nose or gum bleeding (OR=4.99, CI (95%) [2.6-9.5]; p<0.001) and left cardiac failure (OR=4.53, CI (95%) [1.7-12.1]; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This study shows that abnormalities on coagulation tests are not predictive for bleeding events. Nose or gum bleeding and left cardiac failure may be risk factors for bleeding events during FOB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Development of a new method for detection of platelet factor 3 like activity.

We asked the question, "Can thalassemic erythrocytes play some role in alteration of the hemostatic system?", because clinical examination of thalassemic patients shows symptoms and signs related to alterations in hemostatic and circulatory systems, and thalassemic erythrocytes are different from normal erythrocytes. We obtained one of the answers to the question: The erythrocytes of postsplenectomized patients of beta-thalassemia/HbE disease could stimulate their own platelets to aggregate spontaneously. To know the role of erythrocytes in platelet aggregation, we wanted to examine the effect of thalassemic erythrocytes on the coagulation system by focusing of PF3-like activity of erythrocytes, because PF3-like activity of the ghosts of erythrocytes had been reported. For the study, we tried to develop a technique that was accurate and sensitive enough to detect PF3-like activity of blood. The system we developed was the following: 1) We activated the intrinsic coagulation pathway of commercial standard plasma by ellagic acid. 2) CaCl2, a fixed amount of PF 3 and synthetic thrombin inhibitor MD 805 were added to the reaction mixture. 3) At a fixed time, thrombin activity in the mixture was measured by using S-2238 as a substrate. At full activation of the contact system by ellagic acid, the amount of thrombin formed in a certain time depended on the amount of PF3-like substances such as cephalin, freeze-thawed platelets or ghosts of erythrocytes added to the test system, indicating that PF3-like activity of those substances can be measured by the activity of thrombin generated in a fixed time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1992

Anticoagulant action of rare earth metals.

Some of the lanthanides, the rare earth metals, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er) and ytterbium (Yb) prolonged the clotting time of normal human plasma in a dose-dependent manner when clotting was induced either by thromboplastin or by kaolin in the presence of cephalin and Ca2+. They also prolonged the activated factor X induced clotting time of platelet-rich plasma. The amidolytic activities of activated factor X and thrombin progressively decreased with increasing amount of rare earth metals. These results suggested that the rare earth metals appear to show their anticoagulant effect with mechanisms in part the inhibition of the enzymatic activities of both activated factor X and thrombin.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2003

[Usefulness of tranexamic acid in cranial remodeling surgery].

OBJECTIVES: To assess the usefulness of tranexamic acid (TA) in pediatric cranial remodeling surgery, by analyzing its effects on bleeding and transfusion requirements, number of days of cranial drainage required, and time spent in the postoperative recovery unit. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A single-blind, controlled study was designed with 20 patients (10 cases and 10 controls) randomly assigned to receive or not receive 15 mg/kg of intravenous TA upon anesthetic induction, every 4 hours during surgery, and every 8 hours throughout the 48 hours after surgery. Variables analyzed were results of blood tests, blood loss, volume transfused, time in the recovery unit, and complications related to TA infusion. RESULTS: The group treated with TA experienced less bleeding during surgery than did the controls (199 +/- 60 vs 290 +/- 43 mL) and had less need of intraoperative (176 +/- 104 vs 206 +/- 70 mL) and postoperative transfusion (9 +/- 28 vs 52 +/- 72 mL) 24 hours after surgery. TA group patients also spent less time in the recovery unit (60 +/- 14 vs 72 +/- 11 hours). Blood test variables in TA-treated children were also better 24 hours after surgery with regard to hemoglobin (12.1 +/- 2 vs 11.6 +/- 1.3 mg/dL) and platelet (261 +/- 68.5 vs 181.6 +/- 58.1 platelets/mm3) concentrations, and cephalin time (33 +/- 12 vs 49 +/- 16 seconds). No complications related to TA treatment were observed. CONCLUSIONS: TA can reduce perioperative bleeding in the context of pediatric cranial remodeling surgery. TA-treated patients have less need of transfusion and this may reduce the rate of related complications as well a make care more efficient.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed1992

[Experimental atherosclerosis and its correction with Co-35].

Initial and Co-35-induced parameters of lipid metabolism and hemostasis were studied in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. Control atherosclerotic animals were administered cobalt chloride and placebo. The findings demonstrated initially increased levels of cholesterol, lecithin, beta-lipoproteins, lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, cephalin, saturated acids in low levels of phosphatidylserine, polyglycerophosphatide and unsaturated acids. Hemostasis was characterized by hypercoagulation. A course of Co-35 brought about positive shifts in both lipid metabolism and hemostasis. Co-35 is recommended as an effective means against atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of factor XII Tenri, a rare CRM-negative factor XII deficiency.

Factor XII Tenri (Y34C), a rare cross-reacting material (CRM)-negative factor XII deficiency, was identified in a 71-yr-old Japanese woman with angina pectoris. In the patient's plasma, factor XII activity and antigen levels were only 1.6% and 5.0%, respectively, of those seen in a normal subject. Immunoblot analysis showed that the secreted factor XII Tenri existed not only as a monomer (76 kDa), but also in complexes with apparent molecular weights of approximately 115, 140, 190, 215, and 225 kDa. After reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol, the factor XII Tenri contained in the complexes was completely converted to monomeric form on immunoblot patterns. It appeared that some of the secreted factor XII Tenri formed several types of disulfide-linked complexes, including a factor XII-alpha1-microglobulin complex, through a newly generated Cys residue. The monomeric form of factor XII Tenri, like normal factor XII, was degraded into 2 major fragments with molecular weights of approximately 45 kDa and 30 kDa following mixing with activated partial-thromboplastin-time measuring reagent (cephalin and ellagic acid), whereas the factor XII Tenri that formed the complexes was not. This indicates that the factor XII Tenri present in disulfide-linked complexes with other proteins (and itself) is not converted to active forms, suggesting that attached proteins obstruct or delay the activation of factor XII via an inhibition of its binding to a negatively charged surface in vitro.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Obstetric analgesia in 28 women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

OBJECTIVE: To assess complications arising from regional analgesia for obstetric labor and delivery in women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of case records of women with ITP who gave birth at our hospital over the 10-year period from 1993 through 2002. Quality control checklists were applied to case records before including them for study. The chart had to contain information on the type of analgesia/anesthesia used during labor or cesarean section, the results of complete peripartum coagulation tests, and a record of the presence or absence of anesthetic complications. Twenty-eight births involving 24 patients with ITP were studied. RESULTS: Regional analgesia/anesthesia, usually by epidural infusion, was the technique most often used. All patients had prothrombin and cephalin times within the normal ranges. Regional analgesia/anesthesia was never used in cases where the platelet count was less than 70,000/mm3. In such cases, general anesthesia was used for cesareans, with endovenous administration of opioids. No analgesia was used when the patient declined it for normal deliveries. Eleven cesarean deliveries and 17 vaginal deliveries were recorded. No complications were observed either with regional or endovenous techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The regional neuroaxial techniques used in this series of women with ITP, in whom platelet counts exceeded 70,000/mm3, were not associated with hemorrhagic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A lyophilized reagent for standardization of the activated partial thromboplastin time].

Native partial thromboplastin, prepared from cadaver brain thromboplastin (a reagent), is a cephalin analog used to detect disorders in the first phase of coagulation. It was lyophilized with the aim of its stabilization, potential commercial manufacture, and introduction into practical clinical laboratories. Native emulsion was distributed into 0.2 ml penicillin flasks and lyophilized for 18-20 hrs in IZ-9 (CSR) or similar equipment at the maximum temperature of the product 5 degrees C. Lyophilized reagent is a white or slightly cream-colored powder. It retains its activity for at least a year as evidenced by the activated partial thromboplastin time test. The range of activities within one lot is less if commercial lyophilized donor reference plasma is used in the test. The reagent is stored in a refrigerator at 4-8 degrees C.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1991

[Anticardiolipin antibody in peripheral arterial diseases].

Antiphospholipid antibodies can be detected by three methods; agglutination reactions with a cardiolipid antigen (VDRL, Kline, Kolmer) as observed in false positive syphilitic serologies; secondly coagulation reactions using thromboplastin (activated cephalin time, diluted thromboplastin time, Stipven time...). These cases are called lupus-like or, better, antiprothrombinase circulating antibody; finally, solid phase immunological tests (ELISA, RIA) with purified phospholipids, usually cardiolipin. The antiphospholipid antibodies detected by this method are not the same and the percentage of concordance between the two tests does not exceed 50 per cent. These antibodies are present in 30 to 60 per cent of patients with disseminated lupus erythematosus and also, less frequently, in other connective tissue disorders. They are always found in the so-called primary antiphospholipid syndrome, featuring recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis, repeated abortion, thrombocytopenia, and often a livedo reticularis and leg ulceration. Arterial thrombosis may occur in any part of the body (eye, central nervous syste, visceral or peripheral arteries). Mortality is related to neurological or coronary complications. The pathogenicity of antiphospholipid antibodies has not been formally demonstrated, but they could interact with membrane phospholipids of the vascular endothelium and/or platelets. Immuno-suppressor therapy is not very effective and long-term anticoagulant and/or platelet antiaggregant therapy is usually required.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1976

Human plasma lipoproteins as accelerators of prothrombin activation.

The activation rate of bovine prothrombin by Factor Xa and Ca2+ has long been known to be greatly enhanced by addition of phospholipid. Upon substitution of human plasma lipoproteins for phospholipid (cephalin) in this activation system, only very low density lipoprotein enhances prothrombin activation. Low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein have no stimulatory effect on prothrombin activation. On the other hand, the sonicated lipid extracts from very low, low, and high density lipoproteins all can substitute for phospholipid in potentiating prothrombin activation. The efficiency of each lipid extract, in this regard, depends upon its source of extraction, and is greatest for the lipid extract of very low density lipoprotein.

Calcium↗
PubMed1975

The activation of phospholipase A in macrophages after the phagocytosis of silica and other cytotoxic dusts.

The phospholipid and lipid metabolism of mouse peritoneal macrophages has been studied in the presence of various silicogenic dusts and asbestos particles. These extensive kinetic studies were possible as a reproducible method was developed to determine these major cellular constituents after labelling macrophages with 1-14C-oleic acid. The following results have been obtained so far: 1. Silicogenic dusts activate a phospholipase A in macrophages leading to a concentration and time-dependent degradation of lecithin and cephalin. 2. Using low doses of SiO2 (less than 1 mg/10(7) cells) the split-off free fatty acid can still be transesterified into the triglycerides. 3. High doses of silica (greater than 2 mg/10(7) cells) induce also a lipolysis. 4. Silica specifically inhibits a plasma membrane-bound acyltransferase 5. Asbestos particles induce in long-term cultures a moderate degradation of diacylphospholipids with transesterification of 1-14C-oleic acid into the triglycerides.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Use of haemostatic parameters as a diagnostic and prognostic index in persistent jaundice: a Zaria experience.

Haemostatic parameters (PT,KCCT and platelet counts) were measures in conjunction with other biochemical tests in 80 consecutive jaundiced patients here in Zaria. The investigations were performed on admission and within 72 hours after parenteral vitamin K therapy. The prothrombin time and kaolin cephalin clotting time remained prolonged after the administration of vitamin K in cases of liver cirrhosis. Prothrombin times in obstructive jaundice returned to normal after the administration of vitamin K. The prothrombin time, therefore, differentiates between the jaundice of liver cirrhosis from obstructive jaundice.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of test methods for the lupus anticoagulant: international survey on lupus anticoagulants-I (ISLA-1).

Six lyophilized plasma samples were sent to 20 "expert" laboratories for assessment of lupus anticoagulant (LA). Four samples contained pooled LA of graded potency mixed with aged normal plasma. One contained LA plus cephalin phospholipid and one contained a nonspecific venom anticoagulant. Sixteen methods were used overall with some participants using up to 8 methods. Results were scored in regard to the known potencies of LA in the samples and other known induced defects. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests used by most participants for preliminary screening were relatively sensitive, but non-specific. Platelet or phospholipid neutralization procedures (PNP) appeared to be sensitive and specific but showed a non-linear response to increased LA content. Kaolin clotting time (KCT) tests showed the most sensitive response to increased LA content but the weaker LA were not scored as abnormal by most laboratories as the samples may have contained platelet fragments. Other commonly used tests such as the tissue thromboplastin inhibition (TTI) test and the dilute Russell's viper venom test (DRVVT) were carried out somewhat inconsistently. The variability in performance of tests in different laboratories indicates that standardization of methodology is urgently required. Generally it seemed that most clotting tests were "bypassed" by the addition of phospholipid to a known LA-positive sample in apparently direct proportion to their sensitivity. Sample preparation, especially prevention of contamination with activated platelets is a vital preliminary part in the assay of LA.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preventive treatment of thromboembolic disease in thoracic surgery (author's transl)].

The aim of the present work is twofold: 1) to find a simple method of diagnosing a genuine risk of post operative thromboembolic disease: the level of platellets and of fibrine, the cephaline-kaolin test, the thromboelastogram and the para-coagulation tests were not considered satisfactory by authors. Only the isotopic detection of venous thrombosis is able to confirm the value of a given preventive treatment; 2) to achieve an effective prevemtive treatment: the pre and post-operative heparin therapy (an adaptation of Kakkar's method) eliminates the clinical accidents, reduces the number of isotopic venous thrombosis, but might increase the incidence of hemorrage.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and bacterial infections in the elderly.

Anticoagulant screening tests (prothrombin time, thrombin time, kaolin-cephalin time and serum fibrinogen levels), platelet count and estimation of fibrinogen degradation products were carried out on 34 elderly patients with proven bacterial infections, 42 elderly patients with suspected bacterial infections and in 20 controls, to investigate the existence of a sub-clinical form of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The prothrombin time was significantly prolonged in bacterial infections of the elderly and subclinical intravascular coagulation was not found to be a feature. The screening tests did not show any correlation with the outcome of the disease or the presence of septicaemia.

Aged↗