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Results for “CATTLE DISEASES”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Development and evaluation of a rapid absorbed enzyme immunoassay test for the diagnosis of Johne's disease in cattle.

An absorbed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test for Johne's disease in cattle was developed in which absorption of cross-reacting antibodies occurred as a rapid reaction in solution rather than overnight with whole organisms and a subsequent centrifugation step. Total test time was reduced to less than 2 h with a minimum of manipulations. The test was evaluated in cattle herds from Johne's disease-endemic and Johne's disease-free regions of Australia. Specificity was 99.8%. Calculations of sensitivity were affected by the history of the herd under test. However, the EIA detected in excess of 80% of animals before onset of clinical disease and 65% of faecal shedders were EIA positive on, or before, first detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in their faeces. The test should aid epidemiological studies and be a useful tool in the management and control of Johne's disease.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

Hereditary zinc deficiency (Adema disease) in cattle, an animal parallel to acrodermatitis enteropathica.

Adema disease and acrodermatitis enteropathica, two parallel syndromes in calves of Friesian descent and in man, are described. Both are congenital zinc deficiency disorders with a lethal course if left untreated. Complete recovery follows oral zinc therapy. Symptoms and findings are set out in Table I. Diseased calves may serve as animal models for further studies on acrodermatitis enteropathica and the biological role of zinc.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed2004

The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease-transmitting cattle flies.

The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating the location and selection within herds of Holstein-Friesian heifers by nuisance and disease-transmitting cattle flies was investigated using coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiology (GC-EAG), coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrophysiology (EAG), laboratory behaviour and field studies. Using volatile extracts collected by air entrainment from heifers in the Netherlands, a number of active peaks were located by coupled GC-EAG for Musca autumnalis (de Geer) (Diptera: Muscidae) and Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Volatile samples were also collected from two heifers in Denmark shown in previous counting experiments to differ significantly in their fly loads. Coupled GC-EAG using Ha. irritans antennae revealed differences in the EAG response to the samples, with additional EAG activity in the sample collected from the heifer with the lower fly load. To identify more EAG active compounds, volatiles were also collected from 48-h-old urine by air entrainment. In total, 23 compounds were located and identified by coupled GC-EAG and GC-MS. Further electrophysiological testing of these compounds with five fly species [M. autumnalis, Ha. irritans, Hydrotaea irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Musicidae) and Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)] showed that only some of the compounds were physiologically active across the range of flies tested. These included 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, naphthalene, and all EAG active compounds identified from urine. Compounds showing significant EAG activity were tested for behavioural activity using a wind-tunnel designed for measuring upwind flight behaviour. At certain concentrations, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and 3-octanol increased upwind flight, whereas naphthalene, propyl butanoate and linalool reduced upwind flight. In field studies using small herds of heifers ranked according to their fly load, individual slow-release formulations of 1-octen-3-ol and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, when applied to low and high fly loading heifers, reduced fly loads on these individuals. This study provides evidence for the hypothesis that the natural differential attractiveness within herds of Holstein-Freisian heifers, i.e. a single host species, for cattle flies is partly due to differences in volatile semiochemicals emitted from the host. It is suggested that this phenomenon applies to other vertebrate host species and their associated insect pests.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Diagnostic ultrasonography in cattle with diseases of the mammary gland.

Fifty-two cattle with diseases of the udder were evaluated by means of sonography between 2000 and 2004. The udders were examined with 3.5 and 5.0 MHz convex transducers and 7.5 and 13.0 MHz linear transducers. Bacteriological examinations were also performed on individual quarter samples. Ultrasonography gave additional information on the status of the udder and showed findings specific for some causal agents, e.g., Enterobacteriaceae and Arcanobacterium pyogenes as well as udder haematomas. All forms of mastitis required bacteriological confirmation for the final diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Type-I interferon genotypes and severity of clinical disease in cattle inoculated with bovine herpesvirus 1.

Genomic DNA samples and health records from 98 unrelated, mixed-breed cattle inoculated with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) were examined to determine the relationship between interferon (IFN) genotype and severity of clinical disease. Cattle were retrospectively classified as moderately or severely affected on the basis of rectal temperature, feed intake, and weight gain after intranasal inoculation of BHV-1. Southern blot analysis of 16 type-I IFN genes identified alleles at 3 IFN loci (IFNB1, IFNW4, and IFNW8) that were significantly associated with the more severe clinical phenotype (odds ratios = 4.1 [P = 0.01], 2.3 [P < 0.05] and 2.4 [P = 0.06], respectively). A second allele at the IFNB1 locus was associated with the milder disease phenotype (odds ratio = 2.9, P < 0.05). These results indicate that selective breeding programs aimed at altering the frequency of these alleles in cattle populations may potentially improve animal health and lessen the economic impact of BHV-1 infection on cattle producers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Experimental mucosal disease of cattle: changes in cell proliferation in lymphoid tissues and intestinal epithelium.

In mucosal disease of cattle, the initial and most severe lesions are found in the lymphoid follicles and intestinal crypts, both sites showing a high cell proliferation rate. In the present study, the changes in the number and distribution of proliferating cells were investigated immunohistologically, by demonstrating the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen, Ki-67. Tissues were obtained from 30 cattle, all of which had a persistent natural infection with non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and 22 of which were subsequently inoculated with antigenically closely related strains of cytopathogenic (cp) BVDV to produce mucosal disease (MD); the remaining eight cattle served as uninoculated controls. Twelve of the inoculated cattle were killed before the onset of clinical signs of MD ("early phase"), and 10 when they were moribund ("late phase"). In the controls, the lymphoid follicles in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches consisted predominantly of Ki-67-positive cells; high numbers of such cells were observed in the crypts of the small intestine and moderate numbers in the crypts of the large intestine. In the early phase of MD, the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the lymphoid follicles and in the domes of the Peyer's patches gradually decreased; but in the mucosa, foci of crypts with increased numbers of Ki-67-positive cells were observed. In the late phase of MD, only a few Ki-67-positive cells were present in the lymphoid follicles. There was an increase in the number of Ki-67-positive cells in most crypts in the small and large intestine, but foci of crypts without Ki-67-positive cells occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serological evidence of leptospirosis in a human population following an outbreak of the disease in cattle.

A serological study of leptospirosis in a human population, mainly children of a village near Madras City in Tamilnadu State, India, was undertaken following an outbreak of the disease in cattle as evidenced by clinical symptoms and serology. 27 (68%) of the 40 animal sera tested were positive for leptospiral antibodies. Though cross reactions were present, higher titres and a greater number of positive reactions were seen against autumnalis antigen. 35 (47%) of the 75 human sera gave positive antibody titres and, of these, 22 showed the presence of antibodies to autumnalis antigen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Subclinical and clinical bluetongue disease in cattle: clinical, pathological and pathogenic considerations.

Calves immunized (sensitized) with alcide-inactivated bluetongue virus (BTV) developed immunoglobulin (Ig) E-specific antibody to BTV. Development of clinically apparent disease occurred after challenge with virulent BTV, and lesions correlated with peak levels of virus-specific IgE, an eosinophilic dermatitis, and high concentrations of histamine in the skin. IgE may be important in the pathogenesis of clinical bluetongue (BT) disease in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

BHV-1 vaccine induces cross-protection against BHV-5 disease in cattle.

Protection against BHV-5 disease induced by inactivated BHV-1 or BHV-5 based vaccines was analysed. Two groups of calves were subcutaneously immunized with an inactivated BHV-1 or BHV-5 based vaccine. A third group was not vaccinated and used as control. In the post-vaccination period, we studied the humoral and cellular immune response resulting similar to both groups. The efficacy of the vaccines was tested after intranasal challenge of the calves with a virulent Argentinean BHV-5 isolate (A-663). All control animals developed neurological signs associated with BHV-5 infection and high levels of virus shedding. Calves immunized with the BHV-1 and BHV-5 inactivated vaccines were protected against BHV-5 disease. Our study provides evidence that strongly support the existence of cross-protection between BHV-1 and BHV-5 in calves. Even though this has already been suggested by previous works, this is the first time an exhaustive study of the immune response is performed and typical clinical BHV-5 meningoencephalitis signs are reproduced in an experimental BHV-5 challenge trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Diseases and mortality of crown cattle in south-west Finland in 1556-1563].

No attempts have previously been made to compile statistics on livestock production on the royal domains during the 16th century. Farming was of great importance and in Bishop Peder Månsson's book on farming, cattle-breeding plays an important role and passages are included concerning cattle-diseases and their treatment. The account books of the bailiffs also cover the royal domains. They contain detailed information about all economic transactions and everyday life on the estate. The estates were not just centers for local administration, they also offered the farmers an opportunity to acquaint themselves with new breeds and farming techniques. It is easy to imagine the surprise of the local farmers when the bailiff in 1557 brought two peacocks from Sweden to the estate Ulfsby in Satakunda. In 1560 a serious cattle-disese broke out in Pemar, and on the estate of Nyby one ox, eleven bull calves, four cows, nine heifers, six goats, six lambs and seventy-one pigs died. It is the only time a disease is mentioned in the accounts, but it is possible indirectly to trace serious diseases by comparing the number of slaughtered animals with the total mortality....

Animal Diseases↗