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PubMedDate not supplied

Botulism in chickens associated with elevated iron levels.

Clostridium botulinum type C toxicosis was diagnosed by the mouse inoculation test in two outbreaks of botulism in commercial broiler and roaster chickens. One case involved 7-wk-old commercial roaster chickens, and the other involved 15-day-old commercial broiler chickens. A definitive point source for preformed C. botulinum exotoxin was not identified in either case investigation. Elevated iron concentrations in the drinking water and/or feed may have presented a significant risk factor that may have resulted in intestinal proliferation of C. botulinum and subsequent botulism.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Botulism in 1998].

Total 93 cases of botulism were registered in Poland in 1998. The morbidity amounted 0.24/100,000. In the rural regions were registered 61 (morbidity 0.41), and in the urban regions 32 (morbidity 0.13) cases. The morbidity of men (0.34) outnumbered the morbidity of women (0.15). In 1998 there were 57 outbreaks of one person noted, 8 outbreaks of two people, 4 of three people and 2 of four people. Among the vehicles of the botulinum toxin dishes from meat remained on the first position (50.5% of the cases) and in these numbers prevailed weeks of home production (18.3%). In 1998 were noted 4 deaths from botulism. In this number were 4 men (46, 57, 74 and 78 years old).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Botulism outbreak associated with eating fermented food--Alaska, 2001.

On January 18, 2001, the Alaska Division of Public Health was informed by a local physician of a possible botulism outbreak in a southwest Alaska village. This report summarizes the findings of the outbreak investigation, which linked disease to eating fermented food, and describes a new botulism prevention program in Alaska.

Alaska↗
PubMed2002

[Botulism in Poland in 2000].

A total of 72 cases of botulism were registered in Poland in 2000, with corresponding incidence 0.19 per 100,000 population. In the rural areas 56 (incidence 0.38), and in the urban areas 16 (incidence 0.07) cases were registered. In 2000, there were 46 outbreaks of one person, 7 outbreaks of two people, and 4 of three people noted. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of the botulinum toxin (41 cases; 56.9%). Of them, prevailed homemade conserves (bottling jars) prepared from pork meat (18.1%). Home made sausages were associated with 13.9%, canned fish with 12.5%, sausages of commercial production--with 12.5%, and dishes from poultry with 11.1% cases. Two deaths from botulism were registered in Poland in 2000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Botulism in Osterdalen in 1831].

The earliest report we have had of an outbreak of botulism in Norway is from 1934, of five cases caused by contaminated salted and dried ham. All patients survived. This paper describes an early outbreak of botulism in the county of Hedmark in 1831 on the basis of a previously unknown report to the county governor from district public health officer Peter Heiberg (1778-1849). Two cases were reported, one of them fatal. The contaminated food was salted and fermented trout or char.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Botulism an a 38-year-old man after ingestion of garlic in chilli oil].

Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disease caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. We report a case of botulism in a 38-year-old man after eating canned "garlic in chilli-oil". The patient was treated with antiserum. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of botulinum B toxin by a bio-assay and growth of Clostridium botulinum from the food left-overs.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Botulism in Poland in 2001].

A total of 66 cases of botulism (foodborne) were registered in Poland in 2001, with corresponding incidence 0.17 per 100,000 population. The majority of cases (77.3%) were registered in rural areas. Incidence in these areas was 0.35 and in urban areas--0.06. In 2001 there were 41 outbreaks of one person noted, 4 outbreaks of two people, 4 outbreaks of three, and 1 outbreak of four people. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of botulinum toxin (32 cases; 48.5%). Out of them, home made conserves (bottling jars) prepared from pork meat prevailed (25.8% of the total). Home made sausages were associated with 12.1% cases, commercial canned fish--with 10.6% and other dishes from fish--with 12.1%. Two deaths from foodborne botulism were registered in Poland in 2001.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cure of experimental botulism and antibotulismic effect of toosendanin.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), a group of bacterial proteins that comprise a light chain disulfide linked a heavy chain, are the most lethal biotoxins known to mankind. By inhibiting neurotransmitter release, BoNTs cause severe neuroparalytic disease, botulism. A series of important findings in the past 10 years which displayed the molecular targets of BoNTs and hence proposed a four-step action mechanism to explain BoNT intoxication greatly advanced the study of antibotulismic drug. In this article, we reviewed these progresses and anti-botulismic compounds found in recent years. These compounds function due to their facilitation on neurotransmitter release or to their interference on the binding, internalization, translocation, and endopeptidase activity of the toxins. Toosendanin is a triterpenoid derivative extracted from a digestive tract-parasiticide in Chinese traditional medicine. Chinese scientists have found that the compound is a selective prejunctional blocker. In spite of sharing some similar action with BoNT, toosendanin can protect botulism animals that have been administrated with lethal doses of BoNT/A or BoNT/B for several hours from death and make them restore normal activity. The neuromuscular junction preparations isolated from the rats that have been injected with toosendanin tolerate BoNT/A challenge. Toosendanin seems to have no effect on endopeptidase activity of BoNT, but blocks the toxin approach to its enzymatic substrate.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed2004

[Botulism in Poland in 2002].

A total of 85 foodborne botulism were registered in Poland in 2002, with corresponding incidence 0.22 per 100,000 population. In rural areas were registered 67% of cases and in urban areas--33% (adequately--incidence 0.39 and 0.12). There were 53 outbreaks of one person noted, 11 outbreaks of two people, 2 outbreaks of three, and 1 outbreak of four people. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of botulinum toxin (58 cases; 68.2%). Out of them, home made conserves (bottling jars) prepared from pork meat (23.5% of cases) and commercial produced sausages (20.0%) prevailed as vehicles. Five deaths (three men and two women) from foodborne botulism were registered in Poland in 2002.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human type A botulism and treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine.

3,4-diaminopyridine was evaluated for its ability to improve muscle strength, respiratory function and electromyographic compound muscle action potentials in human botulism. In a double blind, placebo controlled study, 3,4-diaminopyridine failed to improve these parameters in a 31-year old patient with severe food-borne type A botulism. The addition of an anti-cholinesterase medication to the 3,4-diaminopyridine did not add any benefit. Lack of clinical improvement from 3,4-diaminopyridine in this patient differed from some reports of benefit in animals experimentally poisoned with type A botulinum toxin.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed2005

[Botulism, a clinical diagnosis].

Foodborne botulism results from the effect of a neurotoxin produced by a sporulated anaerobic bacillus called Clostridium botulinum. The mode of contamination occurs through the consumption of foodstuff, already contaminated by the neurotoxin. Following an incubation period that varies from 2 hours to 8 days, the symptoms start with intestinal problems. Then paralysis of the cranial nerve pairs sets in, classically manifested by diplopia, dysphagia, dysphonia, areactive mydriasis and ptosis. The onset of motor disorders occurs in descending order with possible involvement of the respiratory muscles, hence requiring reanimation measures and sometimes mechanical ventilation. The diagnosis of botulism is clinical. Identification of the botulinum toxin in the blood or faeces of the patients or in the contaminating food stuff confirms the diagnosis.

Botulism↗
PubMed2005

[Foodborne botulism, prevent and treatment].

The United States and Europe agree that the treatment of botulism is based on symptomatical measures and, notably, on mechanical ventilation when the respiratory function is impaired. Opinions diverge regarding the specific treatment represented by anti-botulinum serum: used systematically in the United States and frequently in many European countries, France never uses it other than in a few cases. Identification of the contaminating foodstuff is a fundamental element in limiting extension of the disease. Reducing the delay in declaration and the identification and correction of bad cooking practices would help to reduce the number of cases of botulism.

Botulism↗
PubMed2005

[Botulism in Poland in 2003].

A total number of 78 foodborne botulism cases were registered in Poland in 2003, (incidence rate 0.20 per 100 000 population), in rural areas--46 cases (incidence 0.31) and in urban areas--32 cases (incidence 0.14). There were noted 48 sporadic cases, 8 outbreaks of two persons and 1 outbreak of three, four and five people. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of botulinum toxin, especially home made bottling jars prepared from pork meat (24.4% of cases). Two deaths from foodborne botulism were registered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Outbreak of type E botulism associated with an uneviscerated, salt-cured fish product--New Jersey, 1992.

In May 1992, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDH) received a report of a man admitted to a hospital with a preliminary diagnosis of botulism. Subsequently, three family members of the man were diagnosed with botulism. This report summarizes the epidemiologic investigation of these cases that linked illness to consumption of an uneviscerated, salt-cured fish product.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Epizootic botulism of cattle in Brazil.

The first diagnosis of botulism in cattle in Brazil and its epizootiology are reviewed. The high prevalence of the disease raised on phosphorus deficient pastures in Savanna regions has caused severe economic losses in the past. The temperature induced microcomplement fixation test (TIMCF) confirmed the clinical-pathological diagnosis in all of the 24 cases studied by this method. The most important reason why botulism has not been controlled satisfactorily in Brazil is the lack of an available effective vaccine (type C and D). Additional prophylactic measures are phosphorus supplementation and removal of carcasses from the pasture.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Botulism from home-canned bamboo shoots--Nan Province, Thailand, March 2006.

On March 15, 2006, multiple persons with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dyspnea visited the emergency department at Baan Luang district hospital in Nan province, Thailand; one person required mechanical ventilation. A team from the Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) initiated an investigation, in collaboration with the Surveillance and Rapid Response Team from Baan Luang district. This report summarizes the investigation conducted during March 15-26, which determined that the outbreak was caused by foodborne botulism from home-canned bamboo shoots and affected 163 rural villagers who shared a common meal. The last case was identified March 21; no further cases of foodborne botulism have been identified in the region.

Bambusa↗
PubMed1991

[Botulism in cattle and meat inspection].

Three animals suspected of the presence of botulism, which were found to be infected with Clostridium botulinum type D were slaughtered in a special slaughter-house. The presence of C. botulinum in cattle and the decision reached by the meat inspection are discussed. Central registration of all cases of botulism observed in The Netherlands is advocated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Botulism: the first epidemic outbreak in Peru].

The first occurrence of Botulism described in Perú took place in Huancayo city, in November 1988. Twelve persons became ill, two of them died. All of them ate "salchipapas" a very popular meal in the country done with fried potatoes, hot dogs, eggs and dressed with mayonnaise) in a restaurant near their working place. Six of the twelve patients were immediately taken to Lima and admitted in Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital from the Social Security Peruvian Institute, and treated by the International Medicine Department. We studied five of the six patients; they all had similar symptoms and signs, specially neurological and gastrointestinal ones. Their serological specimens were positive for type B botulin toxin. Clinical, epidemiologic, electromyographic and laboratory findings supported the diagnosis of the first outbreak of Botulism in Perú.

Adult↗