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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Demonstration of bacteriocin activity in bovine and bison strains of Pasteurella multocida.

Of 33 strains of Pasteurella multocida examined, 14 showed bacteriocin activity and 17 were susceptible to bacteriocin. The activity was increased by about twofold if the cultures were induced with ultraviolet radiation; however, no increase in bacteriocin activity was observed if the potential producer strains were induced with mitomycin C. The bacteriocin activity of potential producer strains was increased if CaCl2 was incorporated in the medium. The patterns of bacteriocin susceptibility indicate that these substances may ultimately contribute to a typing scheme for the species. An extra-chromosomal genetic element was not detected when a potential producer strain was not detected when a potential producer strain was tested by the dye-buoyant density gradient method. This fact suggests that the genetic material responsible for bacteriocin activity in P multocida is located on the host chromosome proper.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The estimation of the degree of genetic divergence in Bovidae by DNA restrictase analysis].

Restrictase DNA analysis was performed in seven species of Bovidae family--European (Belovezh) bison, Belovezh-Caucasian bison, European-American bison, mountain Caucasian bison, American bison, domestic bull, and domestic sheep. DNA was digested with MspI and TaqI restriction endonucleases. The products obtained were end-labeled and electrophoretically separated in poliacrilamid gel. DNA fragments consisting of highly repetitive genomic sequences were detected as a set of bands corresponding to fragments between 464 and 67 bp in length. All forms of Bison genus analysed were characterized by the identical sets of bands. The band patterns of bulls is similar to these of the bison, whereas the patterns of sheep is rather different. These data indicate that American bison and European bison geographically isolated forms of the same polytypic species.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Maternal and paternal lineages in cross-breeding bovine species. Has wisent a hybrid origin?

The tribe Bovini comprises cattle and cattle-like species. Reconstructions of their phylogeny have so far been incomplete and have yielded conflicting conclusions about the relationship of American bison and wisent (European bison). We have compared the sequences of three mitochondrial and two Y-chromosomal DNA segments. Mitochondrial DNA indicates that four distinct maternal lineages diverged after an early split-off of the buffalo species, leading to (1) taurine cattle and zebu, (2) wisent, (3) American bison and yak, and (4) banteng, gaur, and gayal, respectively. At a higher level, lineages (1) and (2) and lineages (3) and (4) are probably associated. In contrast, Y-chromosomal sequences indicate a close association of American and European bison, which is in agreement with their morphological similarity, complete fertility of hybrid offspring, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints of nuclear DNA. One explanation for the anomalous divergence of the mitochondrial DNA from the two bison species is lineage sorting, which implies that two distinct mitochondrial lineages coexisted in the bison-yak branch until the recent divergence of American bison and wisent. Alternatively, the wisent may have emerged by species hybridization initiated by introgression of bison bulls in another ancestral species. This "transpatric" mode of species formation would be consistent with the recent appearance of the wisent in the fossil record without clearly identifiable ancestors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Heterochromatin and euchromatin regions in the chromosomes of various representatives of the subfamily Bovinae].

Heterochromatin distribution was studied in three species of subfamily Bovinae: bison (Bison bison), European bison (Bison bonasus), and gayal (Bos frontalis). In all of the studied species, C- and CMA3-banding and in situ hybridization with satellite DNAII (satDNAII) revealed the conservative distribution of heterochromatic regions in autosomes; sex chromosomes did not contain the classical constitutive heterochromatin. The Y chromosome was the most variable element of the karyotypes of both bison species and the gayal. A mechanism for formation of the acrocentric Y chromosome in B. bison was suggested. This hypothetical mechanism included breakage of the p arm at the telomeric region and subsequent translocation and inversion. The map of B. bison chromosomes (491 bands per haploid set) is presented. The data obtained are discussed in terms of speciation and the evolution of Bovinae karyotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serologic evidence of arbovirus infections in humans and wild animals in Alaska.

Blood samples were collected from humans and several species of free-ranging wild animals in Alaska. Sera were tested for antibody to Jamestown Canyon (JC), snowshoe hare (SSH), Northway (NOR), Klamath (KLA), Sakhalin (SAK), Great Island (GI), and Silverwater (SIL) virus. JC antibody was found in 54% of 121 human, 89% of 97 bison (Bison bison), 51% of 84 Dall sheep (Ovis dalli), 43% of 68 snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), and 3% of 33 arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) sera. SSH antibody was found in 42% of 121 human, 89% of 97 bison, 41% of 84 Dall sheep, and 65% of 68 snowshoe hare sera. NOR antibody was found in 14% of 121 human, 94% of 97 bison, 84% of 84 Dall sheep, 43% of 69 caribou (Rangifer tarandus), 3% of 68 snowshoe hare, 48% of 64 grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), 3% of 33 arctic fox, and 78% of 27 moose (Alces alces) sera. KLA antibody was found in 5% of 121 human and 40% of 97 bison sera. SAK antibody was found in 2% of 97 bison and 3% of 33 arctic fox sera. GI antibody was found in 1% of 97 bison sera. No SIL antibody was found in any sera tested. Thus the natural host ranges of JC, SSH, NOR, and KLA viruses have been extended by inference from the occurrence of antibody.

Alaska↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative characteristics of DNA polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene in representatives of the family Bovidae].

Polymorphism of kappa-casein gene (alleles A and B) in Belovezhsky and Caucasian-Belovezhsky European bisons, bisons and their hybrids, as well as in cattle, yaks, and Yakut cattle was studied by PCR method, followed by restriction analysis. European bisons and yaks, being referred, correspondingly, to genera Bison and Bos of Bovidae family, were stated to have A and B alleles, previously found in cattle (Bos taurus). Yakut cattle was shown to have a new rare F allele of kappa-casein gene with 7.7% frequency. The comparative genetic analysis of the above groups, according to kappa-casein polymorphism, revealed similarity between Belovezhsky and Caucasian-Belovezhsky european bison strains. Observed decrease of A allele frequency in Caucasian-Belovezhsky European bisons must be induced by the high level of inbreeding. Measures preventing the loss of genetic diversity in lines of european bison was proposed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative characteristics of DNA polymorphism for major histocompatibility complex loci DQB and DRB in representatives of the Bovidae family].

Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction analysis, the polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC, BoLA) class II DRB and DQB genes was studied in Belovezh, Caucasian-Belovezh, and mountain European bisons, European bison-bison hybrids, and bisons, as well as in some cattle breeds. An analysis of fragments of the second exon of DRB gene and the regulatory region of DQB gene in the samples studied revealed a number of polymorphic genotypic variants in representatives of cattle. European bisons have a narrower spectrum of polymorphic variants, and some variants unique for this population are described. A comparative genetic analysis of the groups mentioned above, with respect to the polymorphism of histocompatibility (DQB, DRB) and kappa-casein genes, revealed the similarity of Belovezh and Caucasian-Belovezh European bison lines. Measures are proposed to protect and support the genetic diversity of European bisons.

Animals↗