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PubMed1997

The origin of the word Stent.

In 1856, the English dentist Charles Stent developed a thermoplastic-like material for taking impressions of toothless mouths. This "Stent mass" was later used as a device or mould for keeping a skin graft in place; it was also used to provide support for anastomosis. A hundred years after the inventor's death in 1885, the word stent has been adopted all over the world in interventional radiology but today it is understood to mean percutaneous tubular structures that induce or maintain lumen patency. The true origin of the word stent is not found in many dictionaries. In most references, the wrong dentist is given credit for the discovery. Dictionaries also refer to the obsolete English and Scottish words stent and stint which mean, among other things, "to extend". The true origin of the word is therefore somewhat unclear.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2005

Misreading pictures: Fabricius Hildanus (1560-1634) and the cure of spinal dislocation.

In 1646, Fabricius Hildanus accompanied his description of a new way to apply a setaceum (seton) in the neck with a nicely carved woodcut. In 1951, this same woodcut was used by an author of the History of Neurological Surgery to illustrate Hildanus's method of "reducing cervical dislocation." In 1997 this striking misreading found its way into the History of Neurosurgery in its Scientific and Professional Contexts. The paper discusses how this ahistoric interpretation was possible and why it was perpetuated for nearly half a century.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1996

Evolution of concepts and definitions of Parkinson's disease since 1817.

In the first half of the nineteenth century many patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tabes dorsalis, neuropathy and myopathy were in general described as a paralysis, paralysis agitans, and used 'lessened muscular power' to characterize the disorder. In this article we will review various definitions of Parkinson's disease, which appeared in textbooks since the original description and demonstrate that the number of symptoms as well as the selection of the symptoms in those definitions varied, although the different definitions clearly referred to the same disease.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1997

Neurological concepts in archaic Greece: what did Homer know?

There are few written records which tell us about Archaic Greek thought and certainly no medical writings. The earliest notions about neurologic matters can be found, however, in the Homeric epics. The attitudes and information which made up the culture of the Archaic Greeks were the starting point from which the later Greek medical literature grew. Although the Odyssey and Iliad are not medical texts, they contain many neurologic descriptions which can be analyzed to reveal the knowledge and concepts which were held by the people in Archaic Greece. By knowing the beginnings of the ancient medical traditions one is better equipped to understand the later works written specifically about medical matters.

Greece, Ancient↗
PubMed2003

"Pawn Ball Megakaryocytes": from the marvellous medici and dear Old Saint Nick to the unsanctified marrow of myelodysplasia.

The worlds of biology and medicine in general, and the discipline of hematology in particular, enjoy a rich lexicon full of fascinating etymologies. The term "Pawn Ball Megakaryocytes" has been used to describe a peculiar type of abnormal cell that can be found in bone marrow samples taken from some patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The three-ball pawnbroker's symbol that these megakaryocytes resemble is ancient and may have derived from the insignia of the Medici family or the symbol of Saint Nicholas of Myra. The murky history of the symbol and its significance for myelodysplasia are reviewed.

Bone Marrow Examination↗