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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenic marine vibrio species in selected Nova Scotian recreational coastal waters.

Seven heavily frequented coastal recreation sites serving Metropolitan Halifax and Dartmouth were investigated to determine the numbers and species of pathogenic marine vibrios (PMV) present. Seawater, mussels and sea gull feces were cultured using quantitative methods and the effects of temperature and fecal pollution noted. Emergency rooms serving the sites under surveillance were monitored for PMV-related infections. All 11 recognized species of pathogenic marine vibrios were recovered from the 7 sites. Estuarine sites yielded a greater variety of species and greater numbers of PMV than non-estuarine sites. Culture of hand washings after immersion in seawater did not demonstrate contamination of skin by PMV. We did not demonstrate any cases of PMV infection associated with the 7 surveillance sites. PMV contamination of marine recreational waters does not frequently result in superficial infections.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Poisonous fun.

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Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed1975

[Biolgical problems of a manmade small lake (author's transl)].

In connection with an intensive hygienic supervision of public bathing facilities and the attempts to draw up a law on bathing hygiene, the lack of contamination standards for small lakes available to the public for bathing was particularly conspicuous. In addition to the current chemical and bacteriological routine examinations, a small bathing lake with a surface area of 3000 square metres containing about 7000 m3 of water and which has been in existence for over 10 years was objected to extensive biological investigations during the months July to September. The results of the analysis show a relatively constant hydrogen ion concentration (pH 8.2), small variations in electrolytic conductivity and 8 German degrees of hardness. The mean phosphourus level was 60 mug/L. the orthophosphate levels ranged between 5.2 and 18.5 mug/L. Oxygen saturation during the entire summer months was more than 100%. Altogether, 49 different kinds of phytoplankton- and 12 kinds of zooplancton-organisms were identified. The total biological mass of phytoplancton organisms was between 8.5 and 16 mg fresh weight per litre, bacterial biomass varied between 4.5 and 9.5 mg/l. Particularly striking for summer conditions was the high proportion of Cyclotella- and Synedra species among the phytoplancton mass, while the algal-bloom producing Microcystis flos aquae attained a maximum proportion of 15%. In spite of the great variety of its forms, green algae were present in small numbers only. The comparison of the described findings with the trophic-systems of HUTCHINSON, NYGAARD and RAWSON indicated an eutrophic type of lake; classification according to the types of the various saprobic systems of NAUMANN, KOLKWITZ and LIEBMANN yielded a predominantly beta-mesosaprobic type of lake. The investigations described show, however, that this is probably a lake rich in nutrients, but that there is a relatively stable biological equilibrium and that, consequently, there is no further threat of progressive eutrophism. Special hygienic parameters, contamination due to visitors and phytoplancton production will be reported in a second communication.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Duck bilharziasis in the medical anthropologic perspective. Interview data as a principle for public health control measures].

Trichobilharzia szidati causes a parasitic disease of water fowl that may lead to a badly itching but otherwise harmless dermatitis in man (swimmer's itch). At an outbreak at a small lake in Offenburg that is used for swimming, the state health office as the agency responsible for water quality control assessed the situation from an epiemiological perspective and took protective measures. A medical anthropological field study, employing the techniques of observation and interviews, looked into illness experience, behaviours and attitudes and thus provided an empirical basis for this assessment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The public health relevance of various microbiologic marker pathogens for assessing bathing water].

Regarding the quality of natural recreational water for bathing purposes, the limit values of E. coli and coliforms, faecal coliforms and totalcoliforms, respectively, laid down by the Council of the European Community, differ considerably from those prescribed by some Land Governments of the Federal Republic of Germany and by the DIN Standard Regulation No. 19643 entitled 'Processing and Disinfection of Water in Swimming Pools and Basins in Public Baths'. It must be concluded by virtue of hygienically plausible considerations, as well as for juridical reasons, that only the limit values of the EC-Code of Practice are authoritative, whereas standards of the DIN 19643, especially in respect of E. coli and coliforms, differing from the limit values of the EC-Code of Practice are not legally binding. Moreover, coliforms are not relevant for controlling swimming pools and basins in public baths. Staphylococcus aureus should therefore be investigated instead whereas other parameters such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and total colony counts are good markers. However, the standards of these organisms as established by the DIN 19643 are more in line with technical practibility and biased aesthetics instead of the hygienically important prinicple of commensurability.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of bathing facilities on natural bodies of water].

The EC guideline of 1976 applies to the examination and assessment of water bodies used for bathing in the Federal Republic of Germany. The main aspect of hygienic assessment is to find out whether the water bodies in question involve the risk of infection from sewage water etc. (microbiological examination for the presence of faecal germs). Chemical parameters are of secondary importance. To obtain comparable results of investigation it will be necessary to elaborate examination methods that go beyond the formulations of the EC guideline and are well defined. Relevant suggestions have been made by an ad hoc working group of the Federal German coastland administrations. A special working team of the Federal Bathing Water committee is also engaged in finding a solution. Besides the examination methods themselves it is also important to pay attention to marginal conditions such as water depth, water renewal or standstill time etc. Of particular relevance are examinations of the site concerned (location, environment conditions etc.) Attention is drawn to the basic differences between assessing surface water from a hygienic and from an ecological point of view.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed1989

[Danger of electricity in the bathtub].

A fatal accident, when swimming in a lake, caused by a defective electric main is reported. The medical and technical findings of that accident are discussed as well as the electrophysical prerequisites.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fire pit burns.

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Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Evaluation of bacteriological examinations of bathing-water from lakes in Carinthia (author's transl)].

The evaluation of the bacteriological examinations relates on 2330 water-samples, which were taken from 76 bathing-places of 23 Carinthian lakes in the course of 11 years. The examinations were performed for the purpose of hygienic control. After a short supervision on the methods of examination and of sampling the base of judgement is discussed. A relation to the limnological classification of the lakes could be made from the hygienic point of view. In bathing lakes in the alpine region the experiences proved a lower border-value for the indicators of fecal-charge more from the reason of lake-protection than from the reason of protection of the human health. A proposal for the judgement of bathing-water from lakes is made, including the significance of enterococci, and a scheme for recording the results is given.

Austria↗
PubMed1985

[Parasitologic studies, diagnosis and clinical aspects of cercarial dermatitis--public health significance for bathing waters in temperate zones].

Swimmer's dermatitides occurring in natural--accordingly polluted--waters are most probably of chemical nature. In clean waters, however, they are primarily caused by larvae of duck-flukes, the so called cercariae. In a natural pool near Biberach undetermined cases of swimmers' dermatitis have appeared. Hence a cercarial dermatitis was suspected and specific examinations were carried out. At the biological examination of the pool, many watersnails of the species Radix ovata have been found near the shore. Out of 180 collected snails 8 produced cercariae of different trematode species. Hence an infective cycle between duck and snail could be ascertained here. However, the special cercariae, producing dermatitis, could not be found. Having taken that into account the author was standing in the snail biotop without protective clothes for about 1 hour to provoke cercarial dermatitis. A few minutes later the corresponding clinical picture with an extremely strong itching developed. Papules were to be seen 12 h later, the symptoms lasted 2 weeks altogether. By different serological methods (Cercarienhuellenreaction) indirect immunofluorescent test with complete cercariae and cercarial sections antibodies against cercariae could be demonstrated in the serum of the author 14 days later. As a therapy only the symptomatic treatment of the itching is possible. In principle etiologic measures against cercarial dermatitides are possible by chemical snail control. But as a rule this is to be refused because of the severe ecological damages. However, in case of swimmers' dermatitis it is nonetheless indispensible to clarify eventual parasitogenic reasons because of the specific hygienic consequences.

Animals↗