Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BACTERIOLOGY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriology of rural water supplies of Mutenda community district of Chingola, Zambia.

The sources of water supply for drinking and other domestic uses available to the rural population of Mutenda was analysed bacteriologically by standard techniques (Presumptive and Differential Coliform tests (Wilson et al 1935), Ministry of Health (1946). The water sources include wells, bore holes, springs and rivers. Assessment of suitability by standard criteria showed that, the bore hole water was the only source of supply bacteriologically safe for drinking. The need for further research on the microbiology of surface and underground water resources is stressed. Reassessment of the standards for water quality, which have largely been based on the experience from waters in temperate, more developed countries and development of suitable tests for sound epidemiological studies to establish realistic standards applicable to the developing countries is advocated.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative bacteriology of sputum collected by a simple technic limiting salivary contamination].

A simple non-invasive method to improve the reliability of bacteriological analyses of sputum was evaluated in 25 patients with chronic bronchitis. This method consists of placing dental cotton swabs between the cheek and the gum and under the tongue at the level of the excretory salivary glands. Once these plugs are in place, the sputum is collected by coughing under the control of a physiotherapist. The quantitative bacteriological data from sputum collected by the "protected" and "unprotected" methods were compared with those from bronchial secretions collected by transtracheal aspiration, used as reference method. Oropharyngeal cells and commensal bacteria were isolated at a significantly lower frequency in sputum collected by the protected method. Considering the predominant pathogenic bacteria, an excellent correlation was obtained between transtracheal aspiration and sputum in 80% of cases when sputum was collected by protected method and in 68% of cases by unprotected method. In four patients, the transtracheal aspiration was sterile, while a potentially pathogenic organism associated with a high leukocyte numeration was identified in sputum. All the potential pathogens isolated in the positive transtracheal aspiration were recovered in the protected sputum (100%), but they could be associated with a non-predominant commensal flora (11 cases) or a potentially misleading pathogenic bacteria (2 cases).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Bacteriology and phlebography in catheterization for parenteral nutrition. A prospective study.

A total of 42 central venous catheterizations in 32 patients were subjected to a prospective study with respect to bacteriologic and thrombotic complications. Growth of bacteria was found in blood cultures in 3 cases (7%) and in cultures from catheter tips in 15 cases (36%). In 25 cases (59%) phlebography revealed partial or complete thrombosis of the central vein. In 7 cases phlebography could not be performed because of blockage of the catheter (5 cases) or thrombophlebitis (2 cases). There was no relationship between bacteriologic and thrombotic complications. The frequency of bacteraemia is in agreement with earlier observations whereas the frequency of catheter-related thrombosis is much higher. This might be due to the fact that phlebography was performed at the time of catheter removal. The presence of catheter-related thrombosis is potentially hazardous as a source of microembolism. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in long-term catheterizations for parenteral nutrition is therefore suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current data on the bacteriology of leprosy].

Microscopic examination and mouse foot-pad inoculation are the main tools in Mycobacterium leprae bacteriology. Microscopic examination enables to calculate bacteriological (IB) and morphological (IM) indexes. The former scores the density of acid-fast organisms in the lesions and the latter scores their viability since only solidly stained acid-fast organisms are likely to be alive. Mouse foot-pad inoculation provides the opportunity for studying the growth curve of M. leprae. Alterations of this growth curve under drug therapy enable to assess the antileprosy activity of drugs and to determine the drug sensitivity of organisms. Acquired and primary drug resistances to DDS are to date the most important events in the chemotherapy of leprosy. Researches are in progress on mice with congenitally reduced immunological capacity (nu/nu mice) and on antileprosy vaccination. Although no decisive advances have been obtained in these fields, researches in progress are promising.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Bacteriological controls of Sivas city water supply (author's transl)].

The bacteriological control methods have not been standardized in Turkey until today. In this article, we will describe the membrane filter technique and the results of bacteriological examinations of 167 water samples taken from Behrampaşa, Kepenek and Sivas city water supply and from some fountains which are built on three springs. According to the results obtained: 1) The city water supply (except Behrampaşa and Kepenek) is contaminated. 2) The chlorination of the city water is unsatisfactory. Chlorination is made in a rather primitive way for the source and reservoirs. The initial amount of chlorine which is about 0,2 ppm. must be raised at least to 2 ppm. 3) The Tavra Village which is situated around the main supply must be removed unconditionally.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

[Bacteriological examinations using the invagination catheter].

Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies have been performed on bladder urines taken by two different technics. Bladder urine was first obtained by suprapubic bladder aspiration. Immediately after the puncture another sample of bladder urine was obtained by the "invagination catheter" (only usable in women) transurethrally. In 80 consecutive parallel studies no differences were found in the bacterial counts, and only one difference were found in bacterial type. From the diagnostic point of view, therefore, the two methods were found to be equivalent. In another series of 52 patients catheterization by the invagination catheter was repeated at least 6 hours later without urination in the meantime. The bacteriologic results in the two corresponding specimens were exactly the same in all patients. Contrary to other transurethral methods, no introduction of bacterial agents into the bladder appears to occur with this method.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacteriologic analysis and detection of Clostridium botulinum spores in honey].

The bacteriological analysis and, particularly, the detection of Clostridium botulinum spores from 42 honey samples collected in apiaries of the province of San Luis as well as neighbouring areas of La Pampa, Córdoba and Mendoza, were carried out. Samples were processed by the dilution and centrifugation procedures. For spores detection, culture of the pellets were performed in 2 tubes with cooked meat medium (MCC), one of them warmed up to 80 degrees C for 15 min, and both incubated at 30 degrees C during 7 days. Mice were used to search for toxin in the supernatant. Sediments were also searched for anaerobic bacteria detection in yolk agar plates and in nutritive agar plates for the aerobics. Botulinum toxin type A production was found in one of the MCC cultures. No anaerobic bacteria were isolated. All samples contained Bacillus spp.; 21.4% of the strains, were tentatively classified as B. alvei. A working model for the bacteriological analysis of honey and guides that could be enclosed in publications of official institutions (Figure 1) is proposed.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1993

Tissue bonding: the bacteriological properties of a commercially-available cyanoacrylate adhesive.

The medical use of cyanoacrylate adhesives for tissue bonding is well established, and their use for tacking skin grafts into place is a regular procedure, for which purpose their case and speed of use seems highly advantageous. As medical grade cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives are fairly expensive, the bacteriological safety of using a commercially-available over-the-counter cyanoacrylate adhesive was investigated. The product was found to be sterile when purchased and remained so during use and between patients. There was also some evidence of bacteriostatic properties. These investigations suggest that the commercially-available product is bacteriologically acceptable, and at approximately 28% of the cost of the medical grade product would show considerable cost savings.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1995

[Value of molecular biology methods for diagnosis in bacteriology].

Progress in molecular biology has led to the development of new tools for bacteriological diagnosis. Sporadic genes coding for virulence factors can be detected with highly specific genetic probes applied to cultured bacteria. Such genetic probes can also be used to specifically identified cultured bacteria whose general taxonomic classification is known. Another advantage of molecular genetics is the possibility that the cell culture step may not be needed, bacteria being identified directly in the sample specimen. Such techniques are particularly interesting to identify bacteria which are difficult to culture (for example: Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia trachomatis) or which grow slowly (mycobacteria). The bacterial DNA must be isolated and amplified with an enzyme reaction. This is a critical step in the method: several positive and negative controls are required. When performed under optimal conditions, amplification techniques are excellent methods which can offer results similar to culture methods in culturable bacteria. Finally, molecular biology can be used to identify previously cultured bacteria for which there is no taxonomic orientation. Here the ribosome 165 DNA must be amplified and sequenced. The sequence is then compared with a data bank allowing classification. One could image future techniques applied to certain pathology samples for the detection and identification of bacteria without need for a culture step. However, direct microscope examination and bacterial culture remain the basic methods for bacteriologic diagnosis, the advantages and disadvantages of molecular biology leading to its use a complementary method for improving the quality of the diagnosis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1998

Impact an anatomical site on bacteriological and clinical outcome in the management of intra-abdominal infections.

The clinical and bacteriological results of treatment for 429 patients who had intra-abdominal infection were analyzed to determine whether the anatomical origin of peritonitis influenced outcome. All patients had received effective broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy and operation in four multicenter trials. The diagnoses of infection were categorized into three sites: upper gastrointestinal tract, complicated appendicitis, and lower gastrointestinal tract. Clinical response rates were excellent for complicated appendicitis and were lowest for infections related to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Bacteriological response rates were also lower for upper gastrointestinal tract organisms and were highest for isolates associated with complicated appendicitis. There were no deaths in the 213 patients who had infection associated with appendicitis. Seven deaths occurred in the 86 patients (81%) with an upper gastrointestinal site of infection, and nine deaths occurred in the 130 patients (6.5%) with lower gastrointestinal site of infection. Mortality was related to recurrent intra-abdominal infection after an unsuccessful primary operation and a serum albumin less than 25 g/l. Clinical trails of antimicrobials for intra-abdominal infection should consider stratification of patients according to these three levels of alimentary tract perforation when the site is known preoperatively. Patients who have infection secondary to previous surgery or who are malnourished represent a higher risk group even with appropriate antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Value of rectosigmoidoscopy with bacteriological culture of colonic biopsies in the diagnosis of post-antibiotic hemorrhagic colitis related to Klebsiella oxytoca].

UNLABELLED: We report 7 cases of antibiotic-associated and hemorrhagic colitis due to Klebsiella oxytoca. The diagnosis was performed by sigmoidoscopy with bacteriological biopsy culture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine patients, aged 25-83 years, were hospitalized from February 1993 to October 1995 with hemorrhagic acute diarrhea following antibiotic treatment: amoxicillin (n = 3). amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (n = 4), cephalosporine (n = 2). All patients have had two stool samples cultures including Clostridium difficile toxin detection. Sigmoidoscopy with collection of biopsy specimens for bacteriological cultures was performed routinely. RESULTS: Endoscopic findings established the diagnosis of colitis in all cases: rectitis (n = 1), diffuse left colitis (n = 4), segmental left colitis (n = 4). The lesions were erythematous and purpuric (n = 5) or ulcerative (n = 4). Stool culture was normal in all cases but Klebsiella oxytoca was isolated in 7 cases (78%). CONCLUSIONS: Sigmoidoscopy and bioptic microbiology ensured the diagnosis of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis due to Klebsiella oxytoca.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Qualitative assessment of bacteriological quality and chlorination status of drinking water in Lahore.

OBJECTIVE: Qualitative assessment of bacteriological quality and chlorination status of drinking water in Lahore. DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Lahore city from October 2000 to September 2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2160 water samples from distribution system were tested from nine different localities of Lahore. These localities represented areas with different socioeconomic conditions (SEC). Twenty water samples were tested from each locality from the same taps each month. All the water samples were subjected to H2S strip test for determination of bacteriological contamination as well as orthotolidine test for detection of chlorine. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-six (20.64%) samples were positive for bacterial contamination. It was observed that contamination was the maximum in low SEC areas (32.22%), followed by intermediate SEC areas (18.47%) and high SEC areas (11.25%). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01) among different areas. Only 27.73% samples were chlorinated. Positivity of samples for chlorine was the lowest in areas with low SEC(20.69%) and highest (32.77%) in areas with high SEC, the difference being statistically significant. Maximum contamination was present in samples tested during summer months(June-August) of the year (31.11%), followed by autumn months (September-November) of the year (20.9%), spring months (March-May) of the year (18.7%) and winter months (December-February) of the year (11.85%). Samples tested during summer months showed the highest positivity (77.96%) for chlorine (p<0.001) as compared with other months of year. Among chlorinated samples 12.32% showed bacterial contamination. However, contamination was significantly higher (p<0.001) among non-chlorinated samples. CONCLUSION: Bacterial contamination of piped water is a significant problem in Lahore. Regular chlorination and monitoring of water supplies can improve it.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1988

Subperiosteal inflammation of the orbit. A bacteriological analysis of 17 cases.

Seventeen cases of subperiosteal inflammation of the orbit secondary to sinusitis were analyzed from a bacteriological perspective. The recovered pathogens ranged from single aerobes to mixed aerobes and anaerobes. The bacteriology was not related to the duration of symptoms of sinusitis. Three cases with the diagnostic criteria for subperiosteal inflammation resolved with antibiotics alone. The most refractory infections had the most complex bacterial constituencies and persisted despite in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of individual organisms. In these cases, local physical conditions may be drastically altered in favor of the bacteria. Ventilation of the subperiosteal space and sinuses by surgical drainage can help to normalize the milieu in favor of the host.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and bacteriologic features of chronic sinusitis in children.

The clinical and bacteriologic aspects of chronic sinusitis in childhood were studied. Of 35 children who underwent surgical procedures for chronic sinusitis, 22 had positive bacteriologic cultures of aspirates from the sinus. The most common organisms isolated were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Branhamella catarrhalis. Five of eight S pneumoniae strains were relatively resistant to penicillin and resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. All of the B catarrhalis and 20% of the H influenzae organisms were beta-lactamase positive. Overall, 14 of 28 of the bacteria were penicillin resistant. In addition, all 12 children 2 years of age or younger had a positive bacterial culture as compared with much lower rates in older children. Although the incidence of S pneumoniae strains that are relatively resistant seems to be rising, to our knowledge we report the first description of these organisms as significant pathogens in chronic childhood sinusitis. These results indicate that chronic, difficult to manage sinusitis in very young children is frequently bacterial in origin, especially if the patient is 2 years old or younger. In light of the frequent failure of antibiotic therapy and considering the incidence of relatively resistant S pneumoniae strains, puncture of the sinus should be considered early in the course of chronic sinusitis to isolate pathogenic organisms and determine appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Nutritional and bacteriological properties of some game duck carcasses.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the body composition, bacteriological quality, proximate composition, amino acids content, total lipids fractionation, as well as fatty acids profile in breast and thigh meat (with skin) of males and females of two species of game ducks namely: Pintail (Anas acuta) and garganey (Anas querquedula). The obtained results are as follows. The live weight of pentail and garganey females constituted 59.0 and 86.0% of male's weight in pintail and garganey, respectively. The bacteriological quality revealed that the mean values of psychrotrophs, enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas, coliforms, streptococci and Staph. aureus were 4.1, 2.8, 1.7, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.1 log 10 n/g of pintail breast muscle. The corresponding values in garganey breast muscle was 3.8, 3.2, 2.0, 3.0, 2.9 and 3.1, respectively. In the thigh of pintail and garganey, the results were more or less different. Neither salmonella nor Clostridium perfringens could be isolated from examined game duck carcasses. Protein content ranged from 19.0 to 23.8%, fat 4.8 to 23.2%, ash 1.0 to 1.4% and energy value 580 to 1191 kJ/100 g in pintail meat against 20.8 to 23.3% protein, 9.3 to 16.1% fat, 1.3 to 1.4% ash and 741 to 952 kJ/100 g in garganey meat. Breast meat of pintail recorded high content of iron (5.12 and 6.19 mg/100 g wet basis) in males and females, respectively, against 4.22 and 6.14 mg/100 g in garganey meat. The essential amino acids content ranged from 34.3 to 38.6 g/100 g protein in pintail meat against 36.3 to 38.1 g/100 g protein in garganey meat. The total lipids of pintail and garganey were fractionated to seven fractions. The major fatty acids in pintail and garganey lipids were oleic, palmitic and stearic. Besides, garganey lipids had more unsaturated fatty acids content compared with pintail.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Bacteriological study of surgical knives: is the use of two blades necessary?

Scalpel blades used in 115 operations were studied bacteriologically. In each case the knife used for skin incision was discarded immediately after the incision and a fresh knife was used to complete the operation. The scalpel blades were cultured in enriched thioglycolate and incubated at 37 degrees C. Readings were taken at 24 and 48 h. From positive cultures, colonies were isolated directly in solid media, and the germ was identified using routine tests. Results showed that there was no bacteriological evidence to justify the use of different blades for skin incision and deep dissection.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1982

Bacteriology in chronic otitis media correlated with the clinical state of ears.

Bacteriologic findings in 702 cases of chronic otitis media were correlated with the clinical conditions of the ears. Statistically significant correlations with the severity of the clinical infection were noticed concerning Pseudomonas aeruginosa, St, aureus and E. coli. The bacteriological findings did not correlate with the results of Valsalva test. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was statistically more often present in ears without than in ears with cholesteatoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chemotherapeutic-bacteriological interdependences observed by use of a clinical anti-infective drug monitoring system.

The relationships between the extent and type of clinical antibacterial chemotherapy and bacteriological findings were investigated, both retrospectively and contemporaneously, by study of pharmacy deliveries and analysis of patient records and the results of bacteriological examination of urine. Initially, with a high proportion of tetracycline use and relatively little of ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and cephalosporins, E. coli was frequently found and seldom Klebsiella/Enterobacter; the in-vitro efficacy of tetracyclines was low against all bacteria tested. Deliberate restraint in the use of tetracyclines and promotion of co-trimoxazole as well as a spontaneous rise in ampicillin use, were correlated with a decrease in E. coli and increase in Klebsiella/Enterobacter. The in vitro susceptibility of Klebsiella to all the chemotherapeutics tested was relatively low, but it improved markedly after use of cefuroxime was begun. This resulted in a decrease in the incidence of Klebsiella/Enterobacter in urine specimens. Restraint in tetracycline usage was accompanied by an increase in its in vitro efficacy against E. coli. The study shows that continuous monitoring of antibacterial chemotherapy under routine conditions enables the clinical pharmacologist to recognize transient and locally specific circumstances and to define guidelines or corrective recommendations as a basis for and to aid control of real therapeutic decisions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗