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PubMed2002

Preserved olfactory cuing of autobiographical memories in old age.

The authors investigated whether olfactory cues can facilitate memory retrieval and whether they retain their effectiveness in old age. In Phase 1, 57 young and 57 old adults (mean ages of 21 and 84 years, respectively) were asked to recall autobiographical memories associated with each of six cue words. In Phase 2, the same words were presented again with instructions to recall new memories; on this second occasion, half of the words were accompanied by their appropriate odors. Both age groups recalled more than twice as many memories in Phase 2 with the odor than without the odor, providing evidence for substantial olfactory cuing that is remarkably intact in old age.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reminiscence and autobiographical memory in the study of the personal past.

This study investigated adult age differences in memory for past personal experiences. Young, middle-aged, and older adults participated in an autobiographical memory task in which they were presented with word prompts and asked to report the first specific personal memory that came to mind. They also completed a reminiscence questionnaire and a measure of current well-being, the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale (ABS). The autobiographical memory data revealed significant increases across the three age groups in both the average time taken to respond to prompt words and the average "age" of reported memories. Age differences in reminiscence also were found. The hypothesis that persons who actively reminisce would respond more quickly and with more remote memories in the autobiographical memory task was not supported. Implications of this data for understanding the cognitive and functional aspects of personal memory are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

An indirect measure of the value of friendship for aging men.

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of friendship for a group of aging men. From the 25th and the 50th Anniversary Report of the Harvard Class of 1930, 706 and 455 autobiographical sketches respectively, were analyzed for mentions of career, marital relationships, and friendship. The results indicated that married men value friendship significantly less than career or family. There was evidence of an increase in casual friendly relations with more leisure time in old age, but no indication of an increase in close friendships. These results are tempered by evidence of a broadened understanding of what constitutes friendship in adulthood.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

The understanding of death and dying in a life-span perspective.

Fifty-four men and women from across the adult life span wrote two-page essays about death and dying. Content coding assessed the extent to which essays were concerned with death or dying (i.e., as a subject of discussion) and self, others, or more abstract conceptions (i.e., referent), as well as levels of impact, involvement, and acceptance. Structural analysis revealed that for both genders discussions of death were both more frequent and more complex than were discussions of dying, and individuals referred to others more often and in more simplistic terms than to self. The middle-aged writers placed greater emphasis on dying. All discussions were characterized by high impact and involvement and low levels of acceptance.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

"Song of ourselves": a quantitative history of American autobiographies.

This article highlights the major descriptive findings of an exploratory, quantitative study of American autobiographies published before 1945. Of particular importance for gerontology, age-cohort distributions of autobiographers are graphed, demonstrating that the genre itself has been created predominantly by men and women aged 55 and over. This study suggests that these writers offer scholars a virtually untapped resource for the historical phenomenology of aging.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

First Person Account: landing a Mars lander.

The article that follows is part of the Schizophrenia Bulletin's ongoing First Person Account series. We hope that mental health professionals--the Bulletin's primary audience--will take this opportunity to learn about the issues and difficulties confronted by consumers of mental health care. In addition, we hope that these accounts will give patients and families a better sense of not being alone in confronting the problems that can be anticipated by persons with serious emotional difficulties. We welcome other contributions from patients, ex-patients, or family members. Our major editorial requirement is that such contributions be clearly written and organized, and that a novel or unique aspect of schizophrenia be described, with special emphasis on points that will be important for professionals. Clinicians who see articulate patients with experiences they believe should be shared might encourage these patients to submit their articles to Schizophrenia Bulletin, First Person Accounts, EEI Communications, 66 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314.--The Editors.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1989

How I perceive and manage my illness.

The article describes some of the ongoing problems psychiatric patients encounter on a daily basis as perceived by an individual who has lived with schizophrenia for more than 25 years. Specific carefully planned coping strategies which are seen as critical to the recovery process are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗