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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. A cluster-analytic approach.

The relationships between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and between negative symptoms and social dysfunction were investigated using cluster analysis. Clustering across schizophrenic subjects produced three distinct groups, each characterized by some mix of positive and negative symptoms. Clustering across symptoms and behavioral variables produced a cluster comprising negative symptoms and measures of social adjustment and an additional cluster comprising only measures of social skill. A series of correlations revealed a positive relationship between positive and negative symptom measures. chi 2 analysis revealed a significant relationship between the cluster solution across subjects and classification of patients according to negative symptoms based on previously published criteria. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for the further development and refinement of subclassification schemes for schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Decision making in nursing: an analytical approach.

Decision making is a basic function of all nurse leaders. Because of the complex nature of many decision situations faced by nurses, problem solving and decision making in nursing are as much an art as a science. The Vroom and Yetton model of decision making is an appropriate tool through which nurses involved in patient care management can examine their decision making and improve their decision behavior. Use of this model is suggested as an approach to teaching decision making at the undergraduate and graduate level of nursing education. Case material has been presented to help readers identify their favored methods of decision making and to point out possible deficiencies in these methods.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Effects of chronic cilazapril treatment on cardiovascular control: a spectral analytical approach.

In 11 subjects with mild hypertension (sitting arterial pressure of 146 +/- 5/97 +/- 2 mm Hg), the effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (cilazapril, 5 mg p.o. once daily for 4 weeks) were studied at rest and during active standing by means of spectral analysis. Sympathetic vascular control was inferred from the power of the low-frequency (LF) component of the systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability, assessed noninvasively with a plethysmographic technique. Simultaneously, quantitative indices of neural control of the sinoatrial (SA) node were obtained with the power of the LF and of the high-frequency (respiration linked) component of R-R variability. Before treatment, active standing produced a clear increase in the LF components of R-R and SAP variabilities. At the end of the 4 weeks of cilazapril treatment, the LF component of SAP variability during standing was significantly lower than prior to treatment, while the increase in the LF component of R-R variability was left unchanged. These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of chronic ACE inhibition upon vasomotor sympathetic control, as assessed non-invasively by this technique.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

A cluster-analytical approach toward physical activity and other health related behaviors.

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to investigate, on the basis of cluster analysis, whether healthy behavior clusters in a healthy or unhealthy way, whether physical activity can discriminate among those clusters, and whether the groups identified could be characterized by demographic variables. METHODS: The relationships between physical activity and other health related behaviors were studied in three age groups, ages 16-25, 35-45, and 50-65. Almost 2400 subjects from a medium-sized Belgian town were interviewed at home to assess their level of physical activity in the past year and to obtain information on other healthy behaviors. RESULTS: The two-cluster solution was found to be most reliable in all three age groups. Smoking discriminated most among the clusters. Cluster analysis divided each age group into a healthy and a more unhealthy subgroup, in which the healthy subgroup is larger than the unhealthy one. Sex differences were found in all three age groups, with more men in the unhealthy cluster. Socio-economic differences are especially strong in the two youngest samples. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that leisure time physical activity had discriminating power between healthy and unhealthy subgroups was not confirmed. Physical activity seems to be a unique factor in contrast to other health related behaviors. In the future, specific intervention directed at the promotion of physical activity in the population is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Factors affecting survival rates for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusions treated with intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy: a meta-analytical approach.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether recanalization, coma at presentation, or clot location in the basilar artery influences the relative mortality risk after intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusions. METHODS: Studies were identified using the MEDLINE database for January 1987 to November 1997. Series were included if they involved 10 or more patients with basilar or vertebrobasilar artery occlusions, used urokinase and/or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and were written in English. A fixed-effect meta-analysis approach was used to estimate the risk of death with the aforementioned risk factors. Each study was weighted according to sample size. Relative risks were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: As calculated from peer-reviewed published data, the relative mortality risk for patients for whom recanalization was attempted but not achieved was 2.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-3.71; n = 126). Coma at presentation was associated with a relative mortality risk of 1.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.99; n = 145). Clot locations in the distal one-third of the basilar artery were shown to favor survival, compared with clots located in the proximal and/or middle portions of the basilar artery (relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.86; n = 126). CONCLUSION: The combined data suggest that coma at presentation has an independent and adverse effect on survival rates. Complete recanalization, distal clot location, and responsiveness at the time of presentation are statistically significant factors for increased patient survival rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Flicker electroretinograms: a systems analytic approach.

We observed multiple maxima and minima in the electroretinogram (ERG) first harmonics which varied as a function of adaptation level, mean illuminance, and modulation depth. Based on differences in response characteristics we identified a minimum of 3 parallel mechanisms operating at 3 frequency regions within the ERG: a low frequency region (less than 10 Hz), a midfrequency region (centered near 20 Hz), and a high frequency region (centered near 40 Hz). The low frequency region was observed both in dark- and light-adapted conditions, was basically linear, and showed nonlinear behavior only at high contrasts in either light or dark adaptation. It may be modeled as a low pass filter. The midfrequency region was clearly observed only above cone threshold, was nonlinear at low contrasts, and may be modeled as a linear filter followed by an essential nonlinearity. The high frequency region was observed under high levels of light adaptation and also was nonlinear at low contrast. It may be modeled also as a linear filter followed by an essential nonlinearity.

Dark Adaptation↗