Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Adjustment Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Motor proficiency in depressed adolescent inpatients: biochemical and clinical diagnostic correlates.

A pilot investigation was conducted on 25 adolescents, ages 11 to 18 years, admitted to a six-bed psychiatric unit in a university hospital in order to explore relationships among motor proficiency and categories of depressive illness. The investigators endeavored to determine whether (a) depressed adolescents would perform as well as normals on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and (b) whether the method of diagnosing major depressive episode (MDE), using DSM-III criteria or the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, was related to motor proficiency. Results indicate that depressed adolescents performed less well on balance, bilateral coordination, upper limb coordination, and response speed than normals. Major depressive episode (MDE) patients, as defined by the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, performed less well than patients with Adjustment Disorder with Depressive Mood. Patients diagnosed as MDE on the basis of DSM-III criteria had motor proficiency scores similar to those of the other patients with depressive mood adjustment disorders. The method of diagnosis is critical if prescribed physical activity therapy is to be effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Psychiatric morbidity in couples attending a fertility service.

The structured clinical interview for diagnosis (axis 1) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) was used to assess psychiatric morbidity in 110 infertile patients. They were divided into two groups according to whether referral to the service of psychosomatic medicine was deemed advisable by the physician in charge. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 39 of 56 (69.6%) patients in the referred group and in 13 of 54 (24.1%) in the non-referred group. Psychiatric morbidity was found in 61.1% of females and 21% of males. Adjustment disorders were found in 59.6% (31/52) of all patients, in 59% (24/39) of patients among the referred group and in 61.5% (8/13) of patients among the non-referred group. Fourteen (67%) of 21 women in the referred group with adjustment disorders suffered from anxiety. In addition, 33.3% of patients in the non-referred group showed important psychological dysfunction, although DSM-III-R criteria were not met. Psychiatric morbidity was significantly associated with the number of treatment cycles and female gender in the whole study population, as well as with the type and length of infertility in the non-referred group. Psychological services in an infertility clinic help to identify at an early stage those individuals who are more likely to be vulnerable. This would enable psychological interventions to be targeted towards those in greater need.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Deliberate self-burning in Mazandaran, Iran.

The authors in a prospective descriptive study, via a demographic questionnaire, semi-structured interview and/or psychological autopsy examined 318 cases of self-burning in Mazandaran, Iran during 3 years. The average age was 27 years and 83% of them were female. Most of them were married, home makers and with high school education. Sixty-two percent had an impulsive suicidal intention. The major motive was marital conflict. Ninety-five percent had a psychiatric diagnosis-mostly adjustment disorder and 30% had a chronic physical illness. Mortality rate was 79%. High prevalence of self-burning in the young population, the pattern of demographic factors, their motivations and high prevalence of adjustment disorders highlights the need for making preventive measures, which should be focused on family structure, particularly in relation to marriage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disclosure of true diagnosis in Japanese cancer patients.

Full disclosure of medical diagnosis to cancer patients in Japan remains controversial. Some physicians in Japan believe that full disclosure may affect the outcome of treatment, create stress and psychiatric problems, or lead to suicide. Although the trend toward full disclosure is increasing in Japan, approximately 70% of current cancer patients are still not fully informed of their condition. In this study, the authors examined the psychiatric status and effects of full disclosure among 100 otolaryngology patients at Tokai University Hospital (50 with benign diseases, 50 with malignancy) using major depression and adjustment disorders criteria of the DSM-III-R Structured Clinical Interview (SCID). This demonstrated that 15 of 50 (30%) patients with benign diseases and 23 of 50 (46%) patients with malignant diseases met the criteria for depression and adjustment disorder; 29 of the 50 patients (58%) with malignant cancer were not informed of their true condition, according to the wishes of their families (21 were fully informed). The prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders was 42.9% among the informed group and 48.3% among the uninformed group. These findings suggest that concealing the true diagnosis was not related to the presence of psychiatric disorders in Japanese cancer patients.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Etiologic aspects of disorders of social adaptation in children and adolescents].

Social adjustment disorders of children and youth make a significant problem of contemporary society. It provokes general interest of health services, social environment, administration of justice, public security services, in fact of society on the whole. These disorders are not born in a social vacuum, but there and now, between us. Most often they are provoked by other people examples, in which are involved other factors, that divided authors in three categories within biological, psychological and sociological theories about disorders of social adjustment in the development age of children. Each of the theories is largely analysed. At the end the authors present the important signals, which help us to detect these disorders on time, and make it possible to prevent their further development by therapeutic means.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Psychiatric disorders in cancer patients and associated factors].

OBJECTIVE: There is a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety, among cancer patients. If they are left untreated, especially depressive disorders, they may result in poor treatment compliance, increased hospital stays and reduced quality of life. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among cancer patients and the factors that predict psychiatric morbidity. METHOD: One hundred and fifty patients with the diagnosis of cancer who were treated in different departments of the Pamukkale University Hospital were included in this study. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to the criteria of DSM-IV with the SCID-I interview. In addition, all patients were evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: 28.7% of cancer patients were found to have a DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis. The most common diagnoses were adjustment disorder with depressed mood (14%) and major depressive disorder (11.3%). Female gender, awareness of the diagnosis of cancer, history of previous premorbid psychiatric disorders and stress factors were correlated with psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSION: In this study, the most common diagnoses were adjustment disorder with depressed mood and major depressive disorder, suicidal ideations were also frequently found. Awareness of the nature of the illness, female gender and the duration of the illness were the parameters which predicted psychiatric morbidity. Careful attention should be paid to cancer patients in order to diagnose and treat their psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, two screening instruments (GHQ and HADS) performed satisfactorily for screening of psychiatric disorders in cancer patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

The dexamethasone suppression test and the Children's Depression Inventory in psychiatric disorders in children.

This open study attempts to evaluate the usefulness of objective diagnostic tests in the child and adolescent age group. Fifty-eight children admitted to a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric service were administered the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) or both. Rates of DST non-suppression were significantly elevated in children with major affective disorders (10/12) and in children suffering from adjustment disorders (3/18). Children with major depressions and conduct disorders both showed elevated scores on the CDI (p less than 0.025), and these two groups did not significantly differ from each other on this measure. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Neurotic depression and DSM-III.

The background for the removing of the concept of neurosis from the American diagnosing system is discussed. Results are presented showing how cases diagnosed as neurotic depression according to ICD-9, are distributed on various DSM-III diagnoses. It appears that half of the sample is diagnosed as major depression, one-fifth as dysthymic disorder and one-fifth as depressive adjustment disorder. Concerning the delineation between different unipolar depressive diagnoses in DSM-III, results from a twin study are presented showing that many cotwins have a different depressive diagnosis than their index twin partner. It is concluded that the heterogeneous ICD-9 diagnosis of neurotic depression seems in DSM-III to have been replaced by an equal heterogeneous diagnosis major depression.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1989

HIV infection: psychiatric findings in The Netherlands.

A psychiatric consultation was requested in 51 in-patient cases of HIV infection. Reasons for referral included counselling, the evaluation of depressive symptoms, and the treatment of delirium. The most common DSM-III diagnoses included: delirium (n = 13), major depressive disorders (n = 12), dementia (n = 5), and adjustment disorders with depressive or anxious mood (n = 5). The psychiatric treatment of patients with HIV infection does not differ fundamentally from that of other medically ill patients with similar psychiatric symptoms. However, the psychiatric treatment of patients with HIV infection can be hampered by the fear of contagion, negative attitudes towards homosexuals and drug users, and over-identification or avoidance reactions.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatric problems among Iranian immigrants in Canada.

The number of Iranian immigrants in Canada has been increasing since 1979. This study is the result of a review of 111 charts of Iranian patients who were referred for psychiatric treatment between 1985 and 1988. Ninety-eight percent of them arrived in Canada after the Iranian revolution, which started in 1979, and the Iran-Iraq war of 1980. Ten percent were experiencing trauma as a result of their involvement with the revolutionary government or the war. The symptoms were in accordance with the DSM-III-R criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Sixty percent met the criteria for adjustment disorder with depressed or anxious mood. Six percent had been subjected to physical and psychological torture and confinement. This is the first study that looks at the prevalence of psychiatric illness among Iranians and illustrates the effect of migration and displacement in the integrity of the psychic life of this population.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

Comparing the quality of antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the Department of Veterans Affairs and the private sector.

OBJECTIVE: Comparing quality of care between large health care systems is important for health systems management. This study compared measures of the quality of pharmacotherapy for patients with major depression across a sample of patients from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the private sector. METHODS: In this observational study, all patients who were given a new prescription for an antidepressant and a diagnosis of major depression in the VA during fiscal year 2000 were identified by using administrative data (N=27,713). In the private sector, a similar sample of patients were identified by using Medstat's MarketScan database (N=4,852). For both groups, measures of the quality of antidepressant pharmacotherapy were constructed. These measures were compared across the two groups by using logistic regression models. Controls for age, gender, comorbid disorders, and initial antidepressant drug prescribed were included in some models. RESULTS: Although the populations had different demographic and clinical characteristics, differences in the quality measures between the two systems were few, with the VA slightly outperforming the private sector in the prescription of antidepressants during the acute phase of treatment, the first 84 days (84.7 compared with 81 percent) and during the maintenance phase of treatment, the first 181 days (53.9 compared with 50.9 percent). Patient characteristics that were associated with quality measures included being older, being female, and having a comorbid diagnosis of substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, or anxiety or adjustment disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Both systems had relatively high rates of adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines. Even though the populations in the two systems were different, adjusting the analyses for clinical characteristics did little to change the measured differences between the two systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dexamethasone suppression and multiple hormonal responses (TSH, prolactin and growth hormone) to TRH in some psychiatric disorders.

Baseline and TRH-induced changes of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 15 healthy control subjects and 63 psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression (n = 19), schizophrenic disorder (n = 20), alcohol dependence (n = 10), and adjustment disorder (n = 14); baseline and postdexamethasone cortisol (CS) were also determined 3-6 days after the TRH-challenge. All patients and controls were women of similar mean age, weight, height, and they were free from interfering illness or drugs. Baseline TSH and PRL were lower in depression, TRH-induced TSH and PRL responses were lower in the whole patient group, but most markedly in depression and alcohol dependence. Postdexamethasone CS was significantly higher in depression, schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Basal GH did not differentiate the subgroups; TRH-induced pathological GH responses were sometimes found in the patient groups. The differences were most marked quantitatively in major depression: a multivariate analysis of variance showed that delta TSH, postdexamethasone CS and delta PRL were the most important variables in separating patients from controls. A discriminant function derived from these variables classified all controls and 18 of 19 depressed patients correctly; however, 25 of the 44 other patients were also classified with depression. It was confirmed that psychiatric patients show significantly more endocrine disturbances than controls, and this was seen not only in major depression but also in at least three other conditions. Further work is needed to identify other neuroendocrine patterns more specific to depressive disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Long-term follow-up of rural involuntary clients.

A cohort of 72 persons who had entered a rural Oregon county's involuntary treatment system in 1979 through 1982 was followed for six years. While schizophrenia was the most frequent diagnosis, several other conditions were represented including adjustment disorders, organic mental disorders, and substance abuse. The majority (55%) of persons with organic mental disorders died as did 12% of the individuals with schizophrenia. The overall mortality rate was three times the expected figure (p = .002). During the follow-up period, only 39% of the initial cohort received treatment from a community mental health program whereas 28% were newly admitted (involuntarily) to a state mental hospital. Hospital recividism was most likely among individuals who had had prior involuntary treatment. At least in rural areas, the civil commitment system seems to serve both "infrequent" and "persistent" users. Infrequent users mainly have diagnoses of adjustment disorders and/or substance abuse. Persistent users chiefly have diagnoses of organic mental disorders, mood disorders, or schizophrenia. Modifying the involuntary treatment system to take account of this heterogeneous population's diverse needs is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Therapy of orthostatic dysregulation with gepefrin. Study with continuous telemetric blood pressure monitoring].

The action of the new pressor agent gepefrine (D form of 3-hydroxyphenyl-2-aminopropan) was evaluated in 16 patients with typical clinical symptoms of orthostatic adjustment disorders. The blood pressure measured in the brachial artery (percutaneous puncture and catheterisation according to the Seldinger technique) and the electrocardiogram were transmitted by telemetry and continuously documented under standard conditions at rest, on standing and during a step test. One hour after oral administration of 30 mg or 45 mg gepefrine the blood pressure increased significantly at rest and more markedly on standing and during the step test. Gepefrine led to a reduction in pathological orthostatic regulation during the early phase as well as to the prevention of subjective and objective signs of orthostatic adjustment disorder during the late phase. Patients with insufficient rise in blood pressure during the step test (80 watts) showed after gepefrine a distinct tendency towards normalisation and the regression of subjective states of exhaustion. Gepefrine caused on average no substantive alternations in heart rate during all phases of the investigation. Complications or side-effects due to the method or the medicament were not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Obstructive sleep apnea and depression.

Is there an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depression? OSA is a common breathing-related sleep disorder. There have been reports that depressive symptoms can be associated with this sleep disorder. A number of investigations have addressed this issue. Although some have found no correlation, most studies have concluded that there is an association between OSA and depressive symptoms. Other investigations have shown that depressive symptoms improve with treatment of OSA, and that untreated OSA may contribute to treatment resistance in some cases of mood disorders. Within the framework of current psychiatric diagnostic criteria, the depressive symptoms associated with OSA can be viewed as a combination of a mood disorder secondary to a primary medical condition and an adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The question of whether OSA causes depressive symptoms can perhaps be best answered by viewing OSA and depression as having certain symptoms that are common to both disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postnatal psychiatric morbidity: a validation study of the GHQ-12 and the EPDS as screening tools.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in screening for the most common postnatal psychiatric morbidities (mood, anxiety and adjustment disorders). METHOD: A two-phase cross-sectional study was designed. First, a sample of 1453 women visiting at 6 weeks postpartum completed the GHQ-12 and the EPDS questionnaires. Second, based upon EPDS outcomes, participants were stratified and randomly selected within each stratum for clinical evaluation [Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used. RESULTS: The concurrent validity was satisfactory (0.80). At optimum cut-off scores, both GHQ-12 and EPDS yielded very good sensitivity (80; 85.5) and specificity (80.4; 85.3), respectively. ROC curves showed that the performance of the EPDS (AUC=0.933) is slightly superior to that of GHQ-12 (AUC=0.904). CONCLUSION: Both GHQ-12 and EPDS are valid instruments to detect postnatal depression as well as postnatal anxiety and adjustment disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Treatment of stress, sick leave and occupational stability].

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to describe a rehabilitation process of individuals with stress-related adjustment disorders and analysing the prognostic impact of certain individual factors with sick leave and work resumption as outcome. METHODS: A retrospective cohort from the period 1996-2004 was conducted by means of an audit of 220 files of patients who have visited an occupational health care unit. RESULTS: A still increasing number of patients, mainly working in public health and welfare institutions, were admitted during the nine year study period. The average rehabilitation duration was 144 days (range: 3-689). After that period a decrease in the number of individuals on sick leave was found, and a total of 62% had returned to work or remained in work. The only individual predictor having negative impact on ability to work was psychopharmacologic drug treatment (Odds Ratio: 0.43: 0.23-0.81), whereas somatic drug treatment, age, gender, skill, workplace, matrimony, and smoking all were without any significant influence on work ability. CONCLUSION: This study shows that an occupational rehabilitation process of patients with stress-related adjustment disorders seems to improve ability to resume work, but a minor group, especially those in psychopharmacologic drug treatment, need prolonged rehabilitation. More rigorous study design is needed to confirm these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The Marke-Nyman Temperament (MNT) Scale in suicide attempters.

A total of 89 suicide attempters were diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R, and categorized according to suicide method as 'violent' and 'non-violent' attempters, and also as those who had made previous suicide attempts ('repeaters') and those who had not ('non-repeaters'). All of the subjects completed the MNT questionnaire. Our hypothesis was that the temperament patterns would reflect specific clinical characteristics, such as psychiatric diagnoses and type of suicidal behaviour. The 'validity' (ranging from fatiguableness to a high level of psychic energy) showed a bimodal distribution, suggesting the existence of two subgroups. The subjects with adjustment disorders displayed a significantly higher mean validity than the other patients. The lowest validity scores were found in subjects with bipolar depression. Men showed significantly higher 'stability' (reflecting emotional distance from others) than women. Subjects with major depression and those who were 'violent' suicide attempters showed somewhat higher 'solidity' (unchangeability, non-impulsiveness) compared with the other groups. Female 'non-repeaters' displayed significantly lower solidity than males or other females. In general, no clear temperament patterns were detected in patients categorized according to type of suicidal behaviour. In contrast to the findings of studies of normal populations, the intercorrelations between the dimensions were considerable, especially among the men. This prompted us to perform a cluster analysis procedure in which the subjects were allocated to five clusters according to the MNT dimensions. No distinct clinical characteristics appeared in these clusters, except in the cluster with the highest validity and the lowest stability, as 54% (P = 0.014) of the patients in this cluster had an adjustment disorder diagnosis. These temperament results reflect the clinical heterogeneity of patients who attempt suicide.

Adult↗