Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ATELECTASIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A study on the mechanism of severe hypoxemia associated with acute unilateral atelectasis in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of severe hypoxemia associated with acute unilateral atelectasis (AUA). METHODS: Six dogs with acute left side atelectasis were studied during the period of rest and exercise. The pulmonary shunt and PaO2 were measured at different levels of ventilation of right lung. RESULTS: After the left side ateloctasis during resting condition, the right lung could compensate to produce only mild hypoxemia (PaO2 9 kPa). But with further increased ventilation by exercise the shunt increased (from 19% to 29%) and led to severe hypoxemia (PaO2 8 kPa). When an artificial pneumothorax was instituted on the left lung, the shunt decreased (from 29% to 18%) and PaO2 increased (from 8 kPa to 9 kPa). CONCLUSIONS: After AUA, whether severe hypoxemia would occur is determined by the volume of ventilation of the normal side lung. The excess increase of ventilation of the normal side lung by any reason may result in severe hypoxemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surfactant-dependent atelectasis in pulmonary tuberculosis].

Using mathematic modelling of the secretion function of type II alveolocytes of the right lung intercellular surfactant production in treated and not treated rabbits with multi cavernous tuberculosis of the lung was evaluated. Correlation between its disorders and frequency of development and dissemination of atelectatic changes in the organ was revealed. Surfactant-dependent character of alveoli atelectasis in animals receiving a combination of antituberculosis drugs (isoniazide plus rifampycin plus etambutol), a direct effect of these drugs on membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, formation of secretion granules was demonstrated. Daily intravenous administration of amboxol (25 mg/kg) for 14 days had a protective effect on type II alveolocytes, activated surfactant production, prevented alveoli from atelectasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Rounded Atelectasis. Evaluation With (18)PET Scan.

Rounded atelectasis is a well recognized, benign cause of a pulmonary mass. While its radiographic features have been well characterized in the radiologic literature, they are not pathognomonic and patients are commonly biopsied. Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a powerful tool to distinguish between benign and malignant disease in the thorax. We present the CT and PET imaging features of three cases of biopsy proven rounded atelectasis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Manometric study of complete ostial occlusion in chronic maxillary atelectasis.

The effect of complete ostial occlusion on static pressure within the human maxillary sinus has not been previously studied. In this study, a novel way to directly determine maxillary sinus pressure is described. Maxillary sinus pressures were measured in five patients with chronic maxillary atelectasis (CMA); these values were compared to values obtained from the contralateral side and from patients with chronic sinusitis. Measurements were made by introducing an 18-gauge needle probe through the membranous fontanel of the maxillary sinus and recording the pressure value with an amplified, pressure-sensitive transducer. The average value recorded in five patients with atelectasis of the maxillary sinus and complete ostial occlusion was -8.4 +/- 2.6 cm H20 (mean +/- standard deviation). Static pressure measurements of the contralateral antrum were isobaric, as were measurements found in patients with chronic sinusitis. This study reports for the first time the sinus pressure of completely occluded maxillary ostia in patients with CMA. These results may improve our understanding of the development of ostial occlusion and its role in the pathogenesis of CMA and sinusitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cartilage tympanoplasty for management of tympanic membrane atelectasis: is ventilatory tube necessary?

OBJECTIVES: Cartilage/perichondrium composite graft with concomitant placement of a ventilation tube is a common practice among otologists to reverse atelectasis and to repneumatize the middle ear. We conducted this study to investigate the necessity of a ventilation tube primarily incorporated into the perichondrium/cartilage graft for reconstruction of the atelectatic tympanic membrane (TM). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. METHODS: Forty-six patients with TM atelectasis and intact ossicular chain were randomized to 2 groups. In Group I, 23 patients underwent reconstruction of the TM with perichondrium/cartilage graft and intraoperative T-tube insertion and in Group II, 23 patients underwent reconstruction of the TM with perichondrium/cartilage graft without ventilation tube insertion. Outcome measures were as follows: graft success, improvement of hearing, and postoperative complications. Analysis of the results was performed by Student's paired t test. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Significant postoperative improvement of pure-tone air-conduction threshold averages and air-bone gap averages were reported in the 2 studied groups (p < 0.001). The postoperative air-bone gap averages showed no statistically significant difference between Groups I and II (p > 0.05). Conductive hearing loss requiring revision developed in 2 patients (8.69%) in Group I and in 3 patients (13%) in Group II. CONCLUSION: In the atelectatic ear, cartilage allowed reconstruction of the TM with good anatomical and functional results. Primary insertion of a ventilation tube into the graft is not necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Improvement in right lung atelectasis (middle lobe syndrome) following administration of low-dose roxithromycin.

Middle lobe syndrome is a distinct clinical entity characterized by right middle lobe atelectasis. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of medical therapy including the administration of antibiotics and the avoidance of irritating agents may be effective. However, abnormal shadows on chest radiography remain unchanged even when acute symptoms have disappeared, suggesting latent lesional inflammation or recurrence. We describe 2 cases of atelectasis in the middle lobe of the right lung which resolved completely after administration of low-dose roxithromycin. Thus, low-dose therapy with a macrolide could be of interest or some value in these cases, but it is too early to draw a definite conclusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Maxillary sinus atelectasis.

Two patients are presented with maxillary bone loss and atelectasis of the sinus walls in association with chronic subclinical maxillary sinusitis. Maxillary sinus atelectasis results in a mild cosmetic deformity, but may also cause diplopia by involving the orbital floor. Ostial obstruction and inflammation-mediated osteopenia are postulated to be the responsible mechanisms. Surgical treatment of the sinusitis may prevent progression of the bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Right middle lobe atelectasis associated with endobronchial silicotic lesions.

BACKGROUND: In a period of 18 months, we have encountered 4 cases of right middle lobe atelectasis associated with endobronchial silicotic lesions of right middle lobe bronchi. All patients had occupational exposure to mineral dusts (3 coal miners and 1 sand blaster) for months to decades. METHODS: The nature of the endobronchial silicotic lesions that caused the bronchial obstruction has been confirmed by endobronchial biopsies and energy-dispersive spectrometry of the lesions. Extrinsic compression has been excluded by careful radiographic and computed tomographic image analysis. RESULTS: The endobronchial silicosis does not appear to correlate with the degree of pneumoconiosis of the lung parenchyma. The endobronchial silicosis may cause bronchial obstruction in the absence of radiographic evidence of pulmonary silicosis. CONCLUSION: The endobronchial silicosis and consequent lung atelectasis may be associated with silica exposure.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Atelectasis of the maxillary sinus: report of a case of acute onset].

INTRODUCTION: Maxillary sinus atelectasis is a rare pathology, characterized by a retraction of the maxillary sinus walls associated with tenacious mucus secretions filling the antrum. The disease usually develops in a chronic fashion, leading progressively to enophthalmos. This is sometimes associated with diplopia and midfacial depression. In these typical forms, maxillary sinus ventilation (via a middle meatal antrostomy) stops progression to retraction, but usually cannot reverse the phenomenon, resulting in a specific surgical procedure on the orbital floor or on the anterior wall of the sinus. MATERIALS & METHODS: We describe a case of maxillary sinus atelectasis with enophthalmos and midfacial depression, which appeared suddenly in one week, without nasal or sinus related symptoms. A middle meatal antrostomy performed rapidly enabled us to observe a reversal of the atelectatic process with recovery of the sinus volume, correction of the enophthalmos and disappearance of the associated diplopia, without the necessity for an additional surgical procedure. It is, to our knowledge, the first case described with such a rapid evolution.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Long-term results following tympanoplasty in complete atelectasis of the tympanum].

24 patients with complete tympanal atelectasis were followed up for at least 7 years after tympanoplasty. The operation was done by the intact canal technique, the eardrum and ossicles were reconstructed. In 10 of the 24 patients the tympanic membrane remained intact and the tympanUM was aerated for over 7 years; in 8 patients postoperative retraction of the tympanic membrane was prevented by grommets. Atelectasis recurred in the remaining 6 patients. Even in normal tube function and normal middle ear pressure these recurrences may develop. In these cases histological studies have shown a change in eardrum elasticity. In most of the cases followed up, social hearing was sufficient for more than 7 years. Even though the long-term results of the operation are satisfactory, when tympanoplasty is indicated it must be kept in mind that there is a high percentage of recurrence in all patients, even in those with normal tube function. A prerequisite for long-term success is that the patient accepts follow-up observation for a matter of years. Otherwise therapeutic alternatives to tympanoplasty (e.g. tympanoplasty of Type IV) must be considered.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1981

Postoperative atelectasis: Intermittent positive pressure breathing, incentive spirometry, and face-mask positive end-expiratory pressure.

Postoperative atelectasis has been treated with inspiratory maneuvers in an attempt to increase functional residual capacity. We compared the effect of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB), incentive spirometry, and 5-cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) applied with a face mask on the transpulmonary pressure (PL) at the end of expiration of eight patients 24 to 34 hours after aortocoronary bypass graft insertion. Intermittent positive pressure breathing and PEEP increased expiratory PL during therapy. After IPPB, expiratory PL fell below control values and then returned toward, but did not reach, control values After PEEP was discontinued, expiratory PL returned to control values within the next 30 minutes. The results suggest that face-mask PEEP will increase functional residual capacity, that incentive spirometry has little or effect, and that IPPB may decrease lung volume after treatment.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic implications and treatment of massive spontaneous atelectasis in childhood.

During a 5-month period five children were treated for spontaneously occurring massive lung atelectasis. In three patients the underlying disease was bronchial asthma; in one patient idiopathic plastic bronchitis; and in another patient, infection with anaerobic Corynebacteria may have been a contributing factor. Types I and III hypersensitivity reactions were not considered to be likely causal factors. The clinical manifestations and management of this relatively rare event are described.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1987

Post lobectomy atelectasis: the use of a Servo 900 B as a high-frequency ventilator.

High-frequency ventilation (HFV) has been used with good results in a variety of clinical situations where conventional ventilation has proved ineffective. However, all of the reports so far have involved the use of a specially purchased specifically designed ventilator which tends to be unfamiliar to most medical and nursing staff responsible for its use. A case where HFV was used in combination with differential lung ventilation in the treatment of unilateral pulmonary atelectasis is described using a Servo 900B as the high-frequency ventilator. It serves to demonstrate that the Servo 900B can be used as an occasional high-frequency ventilator as required, thus avoiding the expense of purchasing a specialized ventilator.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Thymus simulating left upper lobe atelectasis.

Aberrant locations and configurations of the thymus may occur. This is illustrated in a seven month old boy. He had a finding radiologically interpreted as a left upper lobe atelectasis, but proved at thoracotomy to be the left lobe of the thymus which was normal except for the unusual location.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Differential lung ventilation with a double-lumen tracheostomy tube in unilateral refractory atelectasis.

Two patients with refractory hypoxemia due to unilateral lung atelectasis were treated with differential lung ventilation (DLV) through a Robertshaw-type, double-lumen tracheostomy tube. DLV was applied using two non-synchronized ventilators and maintained for 6 and 3 days, respectively. Ventilator settings were chosen in accord to the clinical, laboratory and chest X-rays results. Particularly, tidal volume and PEEP were set to avoid excessively high alveolar pressure and to obtain the highest possible value of compliance. We investigated the mechanical properties of the two lungs separately by measuring airway pressure and compliance of each lung before the beginning of DLV and at 0, 5, 24, and 48 h after. Initially we observed in both patients very low values of compliance (7-9 cm H2O/l) and a significant level of PEEPi (12-8 cm H2O) of the diseased lung, whereas PEEPi in the healthy lung was negligible. The clinical improvement was assessed by sequential chest X-rays and by significant improvement of arterial blood gas and PaO2/FiO2 ratios and was associated with a progressive increase of compliance (24-22 cm H2O/l) and by a fall of PEEPi levels (5-4 cm H2O) of the diseased lung. We also observed an improvement of SvO2, O2AVI, PVRI and Qva/Qt values (Case 1). The tracheostomy tube used to apply DLV was very reliable, allowing easy nursing care and selective bronchial aspirations. We conclude that DLV is a very useful technique in unilateral lung pathology, and it can be a life saving procedure in selected patients, by supplying volume and PEEP more efficiently to the affected lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Mediastinal pseudomass: pneumonia and atelectasis behind the left pulmonary ligament.

In children, left lower lobe pneumonia posterior to the pulmonary ligament may mimic a paramediastinal mass. Over a period of 6 years we have seen 12 children with this unusual appearance, which we attribute to a peculiar type of atelectasis or infiltration of the left lower lobe or a segment of it. The radiographic appearance is thought to be the result of incomplete anchoring of the left lung by a short pulmonary ligament. The radiographic findings are demonstrated, and the benign clinical course is emphasized.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Acute life-threatening intraoperative atelectasis.

A case is presented of acute intraoperative atelectasis causing profound hypoxaemia in a patient undergoing a combined epidural-general anaesthetic for hip surgery in the lateral position. The pathophysiology of the resultant ventilation-perfusion mismatch and the effects of applied positive end-expiratory pressure in the lateral position are explored. The emergency management is assessed, with emphasis on the role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of this rare cause of life-threatening hypoxaemia in the operating room. This patient with risk factors for respiratory complications may have benefited from preoperative bronchoscopy to assist in lung expansion.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2003

Alveolar recruitment of atelectasis under combined high-frequency jet ventilation: a computed tomography study.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effect of superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation on lung recruitment in adult patients with acute lung injury. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective clinical study in the intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Eight adults suffering from acute lung injury with a mean lung injury score of 2.6+/-0.6 and pronounced atelectasis in at least two lung quadrants. The cause was either pneumonia ( n=5) or postoperative sepsis ( n=3). INTERVENTIONS: Superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation was initiated in patients following a mean of 4.4+/-1.7 days of conventional ventilation. Before and 4 h after the start of superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation differential lung volumes were determined by volumetry using computed tomography. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation significantly increased the lung volume of every patient due to alveolar recruitment. This was achieved despite lower peak inspiratory pressures and higher PaO(2)/FIO(2) ratios than with conventional ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation for 4 h resulted in rapid alveolar recruitment in dependent lung areas, improved gas exchange, and better arterial oxygenation. It offers an effective and advantageous alternative to conventional ventilation for ventilatory management of respiratory insufficient patients.

Adult↗