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PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of bactericidal activity of antiseptics on the cutaneous flora of holoxenic hairless mouse].

Holoxenic Hairless mice were used in an experimental model to study the in vivo bactericidal activity of several antiseptics. In these experiments skin was sampled by biopsy; after contact between antiseptic and skin, bactericidal activity was neutralized. The results obtained with several products (polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine, alcoholic iodine, ethanol, chlorhexidin, benzalkonium chloride, mercurothiolic acid, trichlorocarbanilid and hexachlorophen) were quite similar to those obtained on human skin. The differences must be related to the composition of the Hairless mouse skin flora which contains Staphylococcus xylosus, Micrococcus sp. and Streptococcus faecalis, but does not contain Corynebacterium sp. or Propionibacterium sp.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of antibiotics and antiseptics on the fibrinolytic activity of proteases].

A table of compatibility of proteases and antibacterial drugs was developed on the basis of investigation of fibrinolytic effect of proteolytic enzymes (fibrinolysine, chimotrypsin, streptokinase, terrilitin) and their combinations with most popular antibiotics and antiseptic solutions. According to the data of the authors, terrilitin and streptokinase are most efficient of the proteolytic enzymes studied and less dependent upon antibiotics and antiseptic solutions when used in combinations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental studies into effects of various antiseptics on vaginal flora].

Substances of antiseptic action were tested for their intravaginal applicability in gynaecology and obstetrics. Serial dilution and diffusion tests were conducted to that end. The results were limited by the properties of the substances tested. Only few of the antiseptics tested seemed to be suitable for intravaginal application.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1978

[Methods for the appraisal of the safety of antiseptics (author's transl)].

A procedure is described, topical applications for testing dermal toxicity of antiseptics. The tests for irritancy are made on Guinea pigs: a closed patch test giving us a primary irritation index, and prolonged applications over periods of 90 days giving a superficial aggressivity index. The standard method of testing animals for irritation of the skin is that given in the J.O. April 21, 1971 for cosmetics, changed in order to apply it to antiseptics.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Postoperative lavage. Experimental study of the use of antiseptic solutions].

The authors report their experience of surgical infections and particularly peritoneal intraoperative lavage. In a previous study they have standardized the technique. In this study they report on the lavage adding antiseptic substances in the solution. The experimental, controlled study, was carried out on Wistar rat stock, which were submitted to median laparotomy through which was injected a standard bacterial dose composed of 5 bn E. Coli. The peritoneal cavity was washed out after a few minutes with physiological solution with clorhexidine or PVPI dissolved. The main results were an increase of aderential syndrome and a less survival percent age (physiological solution = 100%, clorhexidine = 60%, iodophors = 23%). The authors concluded by pointing out that the use of antiseptic peritoneal lavage solution is a method that should be proscribed from operating rooms because it is unnecessary and detrimental to health.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Reduction of viable bacteria in dental aerosols by preprocedural rinsing with an antiseptic mouthrinse.

Two double-blind controlled clinical studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of preprocedural rinsing with Cool Mint Listerine Antiseptic mouthrinse on the level of viable bacteria recovered from dental aerosols when generated immediately after and 40 minutes after rinsing. Eighteen healthy subjects participated in each study. In the first study, following a 24-hour no-oral-hygiene period, subjects received a 10-minute ultrasonic scaling of a randomly chosen half mouth, rinsed with either Cool Mint Listerine or a control, and received an ultrasonic scaling of the remaining half mouth. During each scaling period, aerosolized bacteria were collected on a sterile filter using a modified air-sampling device. The filters were overlaid on culture media, incubated aerobically, and colonies were counted. The second study followed the same basic design except that ultrasonic scaling was done for 5 minutes, and the post-rinsing sampling was performed following a 40-minute simulated dental treatment period. Rinsing with Cool Mint Listerine resulted in a 92.1% reduction in viable bacteria in aerosols generated immediately after rinsing and a 91.3% reduction in aerosols generated 40 minutes after rinsing. These reductions were significantly greater than control (P = 0.0001). These studies suggest that preprocedural rinsing with Cool Mint Listerine Antiseptic may potentially reduce the risk of cross contamination in the dental operatory.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Antiseptic mouthrinse-induced microbial cell surface alterations.

This study determined the effect of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse, Listerine Antiseptic, on microbial cell surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Twenty-four hour cultures of C. albicans, A. viscosus, S. sanguis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were harvested and washed in buffer. Triplicate samples were overlaid on poly-L-lysine coated coverslips, immersed in either Listerine or buffer for 30 seconds, fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by post-fixing in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated, and embedded in Peldri II. Exposure of the microorganisms to Listerine Antiseptic for 30 seconds resulted in distinct morphological alterations of cell surfaces suggestive of loss of cell surface integrity. The extent of alteration varied among the structurally different species; cell surface roughening was mild in S. sanguis but extensive in the other microorganisms which developed distinct surface blebs and other abnormalities after the 30-second exposure. These results suggest that a brief exposure to Listerine produces significant morphological changes which may be associated with cell death and may help explain the alteration of surface-associated activities demonstrated in previous studies.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic against MRSA, Candida albicans and HIV.

The antiseptic activity of Listerine and Cool Mint Listerine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans, human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) and oral bacteria was examined in this study. Exposure for 30 seconds to Listerine killed MRSA completely. Exposure for 30 seconds significantly decreased viable cells of C. albicans. More than 60% of HIV was inactivated by a 30 second exposure to 50% Listerine. Listerine exhibited a potent bactericidal effect against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Cool Mint Listerine had almost the same antiseptic effect against tested microorganisms. Listerine appears to be effective for killing etiologic microorganisms of opportunistic infection in the oral cavity.

Candida albicans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibacterial activity and clinical effectiveness of the new antiseptic miramistin].

A clinico-laboratory study of miramistin, a new antiseptic was carried out. Susceptibility of 236 bacterial strains to miramistin was tested and its therapeutic efficacy was followed up in 10 patients with purulent inflammatory affections of the locomotor system treated locally. After an 18-hour exposure of the strains to a 0.01 per cent solution of miramistin only 9.3 per cent of the isolates (mainly staphylococci) remained viable. Gram-negative cocci died in 6 hours and streptococci died in 1 hour. The local treatment of the wounds on the average for 14 days provided lower dissemination of the pathological foci. In the majority of the patients there was stated primary union of the wounds. On the whole, the results were good in 7 patients, satisfactory in 2 patients and unsatisfactory in 1 patient. No side effects were recorded. Miramistin may be recommended as an antiseptic for the local treatment of infected wounds in traumatologic and orthopedic patients.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1993

Antiseptics versus antibiotics in the treatment of the experimental conjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

To evaluate the effect of some antiseptics, which have fewer side effects than antibiotics, an experimental model of bacterial conjunctivitis in vivo was used. This model imitates traumatic Staphylococcus aureus conjunctivitis in the rabbit. At 48 h after infection, polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP)-iodine, bibrocathol (Noviform, NF), ethacridine (Biseptol, BS) and bacitracin+polymyxin B+neomycin (Polyspectran, PS) were applied. NaCl served as the control. At days 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14 a photographic documentation was done, and a swab was taken every 2nd day. In achieving regression of hyperemia, the substance tested were ranked in the following order: PVP, NF, BS, PS, and NaCl. In the elimination of S. aureus, the ranking order was BS, PVP, PS, NaCl, and NF. The overall ranking was PVP, BS, PS, NF, and NaCl. However, the differences were not significant. In this standardized in vivo model of bacterial conjunctivitis, antiseptics are superior over an antibiotic in accomplishing regression of hyperemia and germ elimination.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of antiseptic agents on the growth of mouse skin].

Using new born mouse skin slice culture, we studied the effects on certain antiseptic agents on the growth of epidermis, 0.015% approximately 1% chloromycin, 0.125 approximately 1% zinc sulfadiazine, 0.125% approximately 1.0% silver sulfadiazine markedly inhibited the expending rate of mouse skin. The higher the concentration of drugs, the higher is the inhibition rate. 10,000 U% gentamycin and 25,000U% polymyxin showed no adverse effects on skin expending rate. We conclude that during topical use of antiseptic agents (antibiotics or chemical compounds) in treatment of patients, the inhibitability of those agents on epidermis growth should be seriously considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The origin of the antiseptic-resistance gene ebr in Staphylococcus aureus.

The antiseptic-resistance gene ebr was detected not only in resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus but also in sensitive strains of S. aureus, in coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains and in enterococcal strains by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified DNA fragment of the ebr gene from a sensitive strain and that of the previously reported ebr gene were identical. It seems likely that antiseptic-resistant cells result from an increase in the copy number of a gene whose normal function is to remove toxic substances from normal sensitive cells of staphylococci and enterococci.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1996

Effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on salivary microbiota.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of rinsing with original formulation Listerine Antiseptic (LA) on the level of viable salivary bacteria for periods up to 1 hour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind, controlled, cross-over study, unstimulated saliva was collected from 25 subjects, serially diluted, and cultured on selective and non-selective media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Streptococci, Veillonella sp., and total aerobic and anaerobic flora were enumerated just prior to and 2, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after rinsing for 30 seconds with either 20 ml of LA or a 5% hydroalcohol control rinse. RESULTS: After the control rinse, total flora cultivated on MM10 agar exhibited a non-significant (P > 0.05) 10%-20% decrease relative to baseline. In contrast, rinsing with LA resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) 60%-65% decrease from baseline in all four microbial groups at 2 minutes; except in the case of Veillonella, the significant decreases were sustained up to 60 minutes. Total Listerine group aerobic, anaerobic and streptococcal counts were significantly lower than placebo (P < 0.05). The significant reduction in salivary bacterial levels seen in the Listerine group for up to 60 minutes suggests that this antiseptic mouthrinse may have use clinically as a pre-procedural rinse to decrease the level of viable microorganisms in aerosols generated during dental procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Antimicrobial and physico-chemical aspects of antiseptics based on the iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidone complex].

Antimicrobial efficacy of modern antiseptics-iodophores based on the iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidone complex using standard suspension tests and their modifications and screening methods with bacteriophage phi X 174 was studied. The study was completed with molecular modelling of structural and spatial distribution of these substances with the help of computer programme HyperChem 2.0. Using calculation methods of quantum and molecular mechanics the conditions and results of the antimicrobial efficacy of these antiseptics were described.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1997

[Antiseptics on the base of Octenidine Hydrochloride].

Comparative evaluation of laboratory and clinical investigation of antiseptic preparations on the base of octenidin-hydrochloride and bigluconate chlorhexidine in 537 patients was carried out. Statistically valid decrease in dissemination through the operation field and surgical wound after application of octenidin containing solutions was determined. It was established as well that these preparations were more effective fools of protection of the operation wound from its microbial contamination in comparison with antiseptic solutions widely spread to date in surgical practice.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1976

Safety and efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate.

Chlorhexidine gluconate, an antiseptic for the skin, has recently been investigated in a series of clinical studies on its safety and efficacy. By using standard methods, Hibiclens, Hibitane tinted tincture and 0.5 per cent aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate were shown to have an extremely low potential for the production of irritation, allergic contact sensitization, photoallergic contact sensitization and phototoxicity. In the glove fluid test for efficacy against resident flora of the hand, Hibiclens produced log10 reductions over the control of 1.9398, 2.5371 and 2.6885 for test days 1, 2 and 5, respectively. Corresponding reductions for Hibitane tinted tincture were 3.6903, 4.0984 and 4.1253 and for the aqueous formulation, 1.5003, 1.5721 and 1.8692. In a transient flora skin contamination study, Serratia marcescens was applied at an average level of 6.8363 log10 organisms per milliliter to persons' hands, after which a 15 second Hibiclens hand wash was performed. Following five of these contaminations and hand washes, there was an over-all log10 reduction in recoverable Serratia of 3.8500. Counts were further determined after ten, 15, 20 and 25 contaminations and hand washes, resulting in corresponding reductions of 4.2649, 4.6661, 4.8501 and 5.1725, respectively. Chlorhexidine gluconate offers an alternative to available antiseptics for the skin. It has been shown to be a fast acting, broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, with an extremely low potential for eliciting dermal reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1961

Efficiency tests on a series of common skin antiseptics under ward conditions.

Bacteriological trials were carried out on 11 different skin disinfecting agents to ascertain their relative efficiencies under ward conditions. A statistical analysis of the results is given. Of the antiseptics used, 5% Laurolinium appeared to be the most effective and has been adopted for routine use in the wards.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1964

THE EVALUATION AND MODIFICATION OF A TECHNIQUE FOR COMPARING THE EFFICIENCY OF ANTISEPTICS AGAINST SUBCUTANEOUSLY DEPOSITED BACTERIA IN MICE.

An attempt has been made to study the action of antiseptics on artificial streptococcal ;wounds' in mice by a published technique (Martin, 1959). The results were not in agreement with those of Martin and the possible reasons for this are discussed. Suggestions are made for modifying the original method to increase its scope and precision. The production and treatment of Ps. pyocyanea and Kl. aerogenes ;wounds' in mice is described and discussed.

Ammonium Compounds↗