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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Don't throw away the Austin Moore.

For the last 20 years, the authors' institution has treated displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly with femoral head prosthetic replacement. The procedure has been accomplished utilizing a posterolateral approach, sectioning of the short external rotators, suction fitting of the acetabulum, and capsular repair. The post-operative management has been progressive ambulation and full weight bearing. The authors review the operative procedure, perioperative complications, and functional long-term follow-up in 173 elderly patients who had prosthetic replacement for femoral neck fractures. These were all done as primary procedures. One hundred pressfit Austin Moore procedures were performed in 97 patients from 1977 to 1981. Eighty bipolar proximal femoral replacements were performed in 76 patients from 1985 to 1987. These were each consecutive groups of patients and excluded were patients with pathologic fractures. There were four patients with spasticity in the Austin Moore group and four patients with spasticity in the bipolar group. Medical complications were similar in both groups. There were no deep infections in either group. Two of the three dislocations in the Austin Moore group were in patients with spasticity. Seven patients (7%) died within 3 months in the Austin Moore group and nine patients (11%) died within 3 months in the bipolar group. At 2-year follow-up, 24 patients (24%) died within 2 years in the Austin Moore group and 16 patients (20%) died in the bipolar group. At follow-up (mean, 26 months), there did not appear to be any statistically significant difference in the patients' Harris hip scores. The average hip score ranged from 55 to 92, with a mean of 76 in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed2024

Hospitalization throws the preterm gut microbiome off-key.

Environmental exposures substantially influence the infant gut microbiome. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Thänert et al.1 characterize how medical interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) shape gut microbiome dynamics in the first months of life by analyzing over 2,500 fecal samples with metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.

Gastrointestinal Microbiome↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of individual joint contributions to multijoint position reproduction acuity in overhead-throwing athletes.

BACKGROUND: Measures of joint position sense often test single-axis motions isolating a single joint. Such methods hamper our ability to apply findings to functional multijoint activities. Using a functional, active, multijoint test, we measured upper-extremity position reproduction in overhead-throwers. We compared acuity among four joints and examined individual joint contributions or patterns of contribution among joints to overall task acuity. METHODS: We used an electromagnetic tracking device to measure reproduction of two functional upper-extremity positions. We calculated absolute, constant and variable error at four upper-extremity joints around multiple axes of rotation: three axes at the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints and two axes at the elbow and wrist. To represent individual joint acuity, we calculated 3-dimensional variable error. Additional 3-dimensional variable error scores using deviation in hand position (with reference to the thorax) represented overall task acuity. We used principle component analyses to identify contributions of individual joints or patterns of contribution among joints to overall task acuity for absolute, constant and variable error. FINDINGS: Scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints displayed better acuity compared with elbow and wrist joints. When examined separately, absolute, constant and variable error scores did not indicate any individual joint contributed more to task acuity. When we examined the principle components of all error score measures together, a distinct proximal-to-distal pattern of joint contribution to overall task acuity emerged. INTERPRETATION: Proximal joints display better reposition acuity compared with distal joints, however proximal joints contribute more to acuity of the overall task. Our results indicate that upper-extremity joints do not function independently in repositioning tasks and measures of absolute, constant and variable errors combined over multiple joints may better represent upper-extremity function.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pathogen recognition: TLRs throw us a curve.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the archetypal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) envisioned by as innate sensors of pathogen attack and host triggers of an adaptive immune response. Two recent papers (Choe et al., 2005; Bell et al., 2005) reveal the distinctive architecture of a TLR sensor domain and hint at how this structural design facilitates the recognition of a wide array of pathogen molecules.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2006

Accreditation of prior learning in pre-registration nursing programmes: throwing the baby out with the bath water?

The perceived learning of pre-registration students nurses during the foundation programme with and without prior clinical experience was investigated at two universities using a quantitative questionnaire. No difference was found between the perceived learning of individuals with (> or = 1 year) and without prior clinical experience. Students at one of the universities consistently perceived that they learnt more than students at the other institute. Despite this, the pattern in the responses between the universities is consistent. The implications of the lack of effect of prior clinical experience on level of perceived learning for the process of accreditation of prior experiential learning is discussed.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2005

Structural disorder throws new light on moonlighting.

A basic mechanism by which individual proteins can increase network complexity is moonlighting, whereby a given protein fulfils more than one function. Traditionally, this phenomenon is attributed to separate binding surfaces of globular, folded proteins but we suggest that intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs) might provide radically different mechanisms. Eleven IUPs have been identified that suggest that the structural malleability of IUPs gives rise to unprecedented cases of moonlighting by eliciting opposing (inhibiting and activating) action on different partners or even the same partner molecule. Unlike classical cases, these proteins use the same region or overlapping interaction surfaces to exert distinct effects and employ non-conventional mechanisms to switch function, enabled by their capacity to adopt different conformations upon binding. Owing to the apparent functional benefits, we expect to see many more examples of this parsimonious use of protein material in complex metabolic networks.

Binding Sites↗