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Results for “quantitative complementation”

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PubMed1968

Immunological studies on dermatophytes. II.

The contribution of terminal galactofuranose residues to the antigenic specificity and to cross-reactivity of galactomannans isolated from five species of dermatophytes, Microsporum quinckeanum, Trichophyton granulosum, T. interdigitale, T. rubrum, and T. schoenleinii, was investigated. Galactofuranose units were removed from galactomannans I and galactomannans II by mild acid hydrolysis. The resulting mannans were tested for serological reactivity with rabbit antiserum to M. quinckeanum by qualitative precipitation in gel and by quantitative complement-fixation analyses. Our results showed that, with this antiserum, the galactofuranose residues contributed greatly to the antigenic specificity and to cross-reactivity of the galactomannans II, but these residues were less significant as antigenic determinants in the galactomannans I. We have shown that mannans isolated from three Candida species reacted with rabbit antiserum to M. quinckeanum.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of rotavirus antibodies with complement fixation in an epidemiological survey.

The development of a micro-scale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish peroxidase as the marker enzyme for the detection and measurement of human rotavirus antibodies is described. A semipurified preparation of the serologically related simian agent, SA-11 virus, was used as the antigen. Test sera were reacted with antigen-sensitized wells in disposable poly-vinyl microplates. Any attached antibody was detected by the addition of peroxidase-labeled anti-species immunoglobulin (conjugate) followed by assay of the enzyme reaction with its substrate, hydrogen peroxide plus 5-aminosalicylic acid. This micro-ELISA was compared with complement fixation in a seroepidemiological study of the age prevalence of rotavirus antibody in Aboriginal and European populations living in the same outback area in Australia. The ELISA (results read with the naked eye) proved to be approximately 16 times more sensitive than complement fixation. Of Aborigines, 71% had rotavirus complement-fixing antibody, as compared to 45% of Europeans. By ELISA 100% of both populations had rotavirus antibodies. Mean antibody titers in the different age groups were higher in Aborigines than in Europeans. Antibody levels rose steeply throughout the first 20 years of life, remained high during the next 20 years, then increased again at least up to the age of 60 years. The micro-ELISA was practical, simple to perform, and more suitable than complement fixation for large seroepidemiological rotavirus studies. It also has potential for serodiagnosis of the disease, both in the laboratory and in the field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative influence of antibody and complement coating of red cells on monocyte-mediated cell lysis.

Monocyte-mediated lysis in vitro of human red cells coated with measured amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG) or complement were studied. 1,000-1,500 molecules of IgG anti-D are necessary to effect measurable lysis, and lysis increases linearly with increasing levels of antibody sensitization. 100 microgram/ml of IgG1 abolished lysis even at maximal levels of anti-D sensitization (15,000 molecules/cell). Two isoimmune IgG anti-A or anti-B antisera were 5 to 10-fold less efficient in promoting phagocytosis or lysis per molecule of IgG bound; however, because of the greater antigen density of A or B, more than 100,000 molecules IgG/cell could be bound, producing equivalent lysis to anti-D-coated cells. Although inhibition by IgG1 was similar at equivalent levels of sensitization with anti-A, anti-B, or anti-D at high levels of coating with anti-A or anti-B (not attainable with anti-D), lysis was not inhibited by IgG1. Cells coated with human complement components alone were not lysed by monocytes; however, complement coating augmented IgG-mediated lysis and reduced the quantity of anti-D necessary to produce lysis to less than 1,000 molecules/cell. After thorough degradation of C3b by serum to C3d, complement augmentation persisted.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1984

Histochemical localization of estrogen and progesterone receptors: evaluation of a method.

A histochemical method for the detection of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in human endometrium, using estrogen and progesterone derivatives linked to fluorochrome-labeled bovine serum albumin (E2-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and progesterone-BSA-tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TMRITC], has been evaluated. The fluorochrome-labeled steroids were bound to the cytoplasm--preferably in glandular epithelial cells but to a lesser extent also to stromal cells. The steroid specificity of the observed binding was studied by preincubating the sections with a series of unlabled steroids and nonsteroidal, hormonally active compounds (estradiol-17 beta, diethylstilbestrol, tamoxifen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and R 1881 for ER and ORG 2058, R 5020, dexamethasone, cortisol and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone for PR). The inhibition studies indicated that E2-BSA-FITC and progesterone-BSA-TMRITC bind to ER and PR in human endometrium with a reasonable degree of specificity. The method was reproducible and various procedural steps were tested, showing satisfactory technical stability. The method is applicable to small tissue samples, and is a valuable complement to quantitative biochemical receptor assays, as it localizes the receptors in tissue slices.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2003

An interview study of people with learning disabilities' experience of, and satisfaction with, group analytic therapy.

A number of clinicians have developed psychodynamic treatments for people with learning disabilities, but there have been few studies assessing the impact of psychodynamic therapy with this population. In particular, there have been no studies in which investigators have asked clients about their experience of psychodynamic treatment. The current study is an attempt to rectify this by exploring people with learning disabilities' experiences of, and satisfaction with, two psychodynamic groups provided by an inner city service. Nine learning-disabled clients, four from a sexual offenders' group and five from a women's group, were interviewed about their experience of psychodynamic group psychotherapy. Their responses were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Participants suggested that they valued the therapists and the group, and appreciated the opportunity to talk about painful experiences and be included and valued in the group. However, participants also indicated that they found the group emotionally painful, on occasion found it hard to identify with other group members, and were often unaware of any positive change in themselves. These interview findings complement ongoing quantitative attempts to establish the impact of psychodynamic treatment for this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A conceptual view of the complement system.

The activities of the complement system encompass cell destruction either directly through the membrane attack complex or indirectly via the effects of inflammation. The effects of complement fragments on immune functioning are just now being elucidated. Recent advances in methodology have allowed recognition of complement deficiencies of both quantitative and structural varieties. Complement activation studies may detect subclinical activation and be useful guideposts for therapeutic intervention. Coupling our new understanding of the mechanisms of complement activation with new technologies to measure this activation may result in the better understanding of the pathology of inflammation and its concurrent immunologic reactions.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1956

Use of synthetic, crystalline, L-alpha-dimyristoyl lecithin in cardiolipin antigens.

Experiments were carried out by the authors to determine whether synthetic, crystalline, L-alpha-dimyristoyl lecithin could replace natural purified lecithins in the preparation of cardiolipin antigens. These experiments were designed specifically to find out whether it was possible to obtain the same serological reactions, qualitatively and quantitatively, with the test antigen as with a reference antigen containing natural lecithin, and whether the test antigen had the same keeping qualities as the reference antigen.The tests used were the quantitative complement-fixation test as modified by Mørch in 1933, and the VDRL slide flocculation test.The results showed that synthetic, crystalline, L-alpha-dimyristoyl lecithin could replace natural lecithin in the preparation of cardiolipin antigens, but that the antigens prepared with the synthetic lecithin were significantly less sensitive than those prepared with an equimolar amount of natural lecithin. The authors consider that further investigation is required before the use of synthetic lecithin is finally adopted.

Cardiolipins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure of the Congo red dye uptake test to discriminate between virulent and avirulent avian Escherichia coli.

Twenty avian Escherichia coli isolates from normal and diseased chickens were compared by use of three virulence tests. These tests included the uptake of Congo red dye, an embryo lethality test, and a quantitative microtiter complement resistance test. A direct correlation was seen between the results of the complement resistance test and the embryo lethality test. The results of the Congo red test did not correlate with the two other tests.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary note on the antipsychotic efficacy of bromperidol.

Bromperidol was administered to 20 acute and chronic psychotic inpatients during six to eight weeks at a mean daily dose of 18 to 10 mg. The neuroleptic was given orally or intramuscularly once a day (in the morning in order to evaluate its therapeutic and side effects). In 13 patients, bromperidol was substituted for haloperidol; in 7 cases, it was given immediately after the washout period. Descriptive psychopathology was complemented with quantitative psychopathology (ad hoc 29-item scale, AMDP Psychopathology Scale, Bf/Bf' Mood Scales). According to a preliminary analysis of data, both descriptive and psychometric, bromperidol seems to be a potent antipsychotic drug without disturbing adrenolytic side-effects or sedation, with classical extrapyramidal effects of the hypertonia type.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Expression of HLA-B27 antigens on mononuclear leucocytes in ankylosing spondylitis.

Differences in expression of HLA-B27 antigens on immune competent cells might play a role in the susceptibility to environmental factors which may be responsible for the initiation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Using a quantitative complement-mediated lymphocytotoxity assay we determined the expression of HLA-B27 antigens on the membranes of mononuclear cells obtained from 20 patients with AS, four patients with other seronegative arthropathies and eight healthy controls. The variation in expression of B27 between individuals was quite extensive, but there was no significant difference in the mean titration curves obtained for each of the three groups. These findings suggest that the expression of HLA-B27 antigens on the membrane of mononuclear leucocytes does not play a role in the pathogenesis of AS.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1977

Quantitative relationships of the fourth complement component in human cerebrospinal fluid.

A technique for the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid C4 concentration in unconcentrated specimens has been developed with the methods of electroimmunodiffusion and immunofixation. The method has proved to be reproducible and requires only microliter volumes of undiluted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The mean value for CSF C4 concentrations in 16 neurologically normal individuals was 325 +/- 32 mug/100 ml. A positive correlation between CSF C4 concentration and the concentration of CSF albumin and total protein was observed. The positive correlation between the concentrations of CSF C4 and albumin was, however, more clearly defined than the relationship of CSF C4 to total CSF protein.

Albumins↗