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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Psychosocial disadvantages in the lives of persons with long-term mental illness living in a Swedish community.

The aim of this study was to gain in-depth knowledge of how persons with long-term mental illness experience their everyday situation, in order to identify potential psychosocial obstacles to a meaningful existence. The focus was on psychosocial aspects, such as contact with others and the quality of these contacts. An ethnographic design was used, in order to provide an inside perspective. Four persons with long-term mental illness participated in the study. Three open-ended interviews, at 1-week intervals, were conducted with each informant. Analysis of transcribed material consisted of naive reading and content analysis guided by the investigators' understanding of the psychiatric context. Three themes were generated: feeling lonely but being unable to establish friendships; knowledge of what to do but lacking initiative; and awareness of the need for support but not wanting to be subject to control. These themes reflect contradictions between thoughts, feelings and actions, which seem to contribute to a psychosocial disadvantage in the life of persons with long-term mental illness.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Eat to live or live to eat? Do parents and children agree?

UNLABELLED: The lifestyles and diets of children in developed countries is changing rapidly in response to the social and cultural climate, as well as the availability of an increasing range of foods. The aim of this on-going study is to assess the trends in food-related behaviours of children and their attitudes towards food and nutrition. The study also monitors markers for physical activity, which have been presented elsewhere (Bellisle et al, 2000). Three successive surveys (1993, 1995, and 1997) were carried out on samples of 1000 French children aged 9--11 years and their mothers. RESULTS: Attitudes towards food varied markedly between children and their mothers. Children viewed food primarily as a necessity of life, whereas mothers viewed food primarily as a pleasure for their child, with necessity and nutrition given a lower importance. Contrary to popular belief children's enjoyment of 'unhealthy' and 'healthy' foods was similar. French-fries were the favourite food for 92% of children, closely followed by pasta (89%). Fruit and candy received similar scores (82% and 81% respectively), suggesting that external factors such as convenience are the prime barrier to fruit consumption rather than the enjoyment factor. Over the three surveys a strong persistence of the traditional French meal pattern has been demonstrated, with breakfast, lunch and evening meals eaten by 97%, 96% and 99% of children respectively. One increasing occurrence is the viewing of television during meal times with 25% of breakfasts, 46% of afternoon snacks and 41% of evening meals consumed in front of the television. Children's attitudes towards food demonstrated an overwhelming trust of their mother and her ability to provide them with nourishing foods. Mothers often found it difficult to reconcile the demands of family life, employment, healthy eating and the maintenance of a pleasurable atmosphere at mealtimes. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, children and mothers appeared to have divergent attitudes towards food. An understanding of children's enjoyment of foods considered more 'healthy' or less 'healthy' enables effective nutrition messages to be developed for children. However, further work is needed to explore the long-term impact of mothers' attitudes towards food and mealtimes on a child's relationship to food and eating habits during adolescence through to adulthood.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Lives to save lives--the ethics of tissue typing.

Should we allow tissue typing of in vitro embryos in order to implant those which could provide potentially life-saving cells to an existing serious ill sibling with that tissue type? A case is made that such tissue matching does not involve unacceptable instrumentality towards or commodification of children. The key distinction is that the parents' request for tissue typing is reactive in the face of serious medical need rather than being proactive in the sense of seeking the means to specify a child with chosen desirable characteristics. Nevertheless, as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a relatively new technique, both long-term safety issues concerning effects on child development following embryo biopsy and the risks of misdiagnosis must be given due weight as must the avoidance of exploitation of couples desperate to save a sick child. The HFEA originally made a distinction, recently revoked, between allowing tissue typing after PGD to select against affected embryos and denying it when PGD is not required because the embryos are not at risk of inheriting the disease suffered by the existing sibling. If tissue typing is not inherently unethical and misdiagnosis poses a greater risk than biopsy damage, then this distinction is not ethically tenable.

Female↗
PubMed2005

"Vivo para consumirla y la consumo para vivir" ["I live to inject and inject to live"]: high-risk injection behaviors in Tijuana, Mexico.

Injection drug use is a growing problem on the US-Mexico border, where Tijuana is situated. We studied the context of injection drug use among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana to help guide future research and interventions. Guided in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 male and 10 female current IDUs in Tijuana. Topics included types of drug used, injection settings, access to sterile needles, and environmental influences. Interviews were taped, transcribed verbatim, and translated. Content analysis was conducted to identify themes. Of the 20 IDUs, median age and age at first injection were 30 and 18. Most reported injecting at least daily: heroin ("carga", "chiva", "negra"), methamphetamine ("crico", "cri-cri"), or both drugs combined. In sharp contrast to Western US cities, almost all regularly attended shooting galleries ("yongos" or "picaderos") because of the difficulties obtaining syringes and police oppression. Almost all shared needles/paraphernalia ["cuete" (syringe), "cacharros" (cookers), cotton from sweaters/socks (filters)]. Some reported obtaining syringes from the United States. Key themes included (1) pharmacies refusing to sell or charging higher prices to IDUs, (2) ample availability of used/rented syringes from "picaderos" (e.g., charging approximately 5 pesos or "10 drops" of drug), and (3) poor HIV/AIDS knowledge, such as beliefs that exposing syringes to air "kills germs." This qualitative study suggests that IDUs in Tijuana are at high risk of HIV and other blood-borne infections. Interventions are urgently needed to expand access to sterile injection equipment and offset the potential for a widespread HIV epidemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Long-lived and short-lived heat-shock proteins in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.

We have studied modifications in the pattern of proteins synthesized by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var Maryland) mesophyll protoplasts when they are transferred from 25 degrees C to 40 degrees C. The synthesis of one group of proteins is practically unaffected by the heat shock. On the other hand, the synthesis of most other 25 degrees C proteins is greatly reduced, while specific heat-shock proteins appear: 17 stable, neutral, major proteins, which are synthesized throughout the culture period at the higher temperature and which correspond to those observed in other organisms, and two basic proteins with a short lifetime and which are synthesized only during the first 2 hours of heat shock. We suggest that these latter proteins are regulatory peptides which intervene in the inhibition of 25 degrees C syntheses.

Journal Article↗