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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effects of transdermal testosterone application on the ovarian response to FSH in poor responders undergoing assisted reproduction technique--a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: In primates, androgens can play a synergistic role with FSH in promoting the early follicular recruitment, which is critical in assisted reproduction technique programmes. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether poor responders can benefit from androgen application. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were a previous poor ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation and a decreased hormonal ovarian reserve. Selected women were randomized to receive either transdermal application of testosterone (n = 24) or placebo (n = 25) gel for 15 days before FSH treatment for a second IVF cycle. Similar GnRH analogue and equivalent FSH daily doses were used in both cycles. The primary outcome was the total number of oocytes retrieved. RESULTS: Testosterone gel application resulted in a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels but did not significantly improve the antral follicle count. Furthermore, after gel application, the main parameters of the ovarian response (numbers of pre-ovulatory follicles, total and mature oocytes and embryos) did not significantly differ between testosterone and placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSION: No significant beneficial effects of androgen administration on the ovarian response to FSH could be demonstrated. However, subsequent clinical trials are needed to determine whether an optimal dose and/or a longer duration of testosterone administration may be helpful.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2005

[The application of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization to the diagnosis of X chromosomal count abnormality in ovarian carcinoma cell].

To study the technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and its application value in the diagnosis of sex chromosomal count abnormality in ovarian carcinoma cell. Biotin labeled alpha satellite X chromosome DNA(pBamX7) probe was hybridized with pre-treated slides of ovarian carcinoma cell interphase nucleus in 18 cases of ovarian carcinoma specimens. The slides were treated with Avidin-FITC and Anti-avidin, amplified with an additional layer and counter-stained with PI in antifade solution. The hybridization signals as well as interphase nucleus settings were observed with WIB filters under fluorescence microscope Olympus AX-70, and the number of interphase nucleus in the ovarian carcinoma cell was counted. It was observed under the microscope that the Biotin labeled pBamX7 probe showed green hybridization signals. Cytoplasm counter-stained with PI showed reddish orange. Increased chrosome X copy number was observed in 11/18(61%) ovarian carcinoma specimens, of which the rest 7 (39%) had no increase of chrosome X copy number. Gain of X chrosome had a certain incidence in ovarian cancers, which played a role in the recurrence and development of ovarian cancers. Its significance needs further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Application of an automatic blood cell analyzer "MICROX" to the blood of experimental animals. I. Differential counts of white blood cells in monkeys and dogs].

Automatic blood cell analyzer "MICROX" was examined for possible applicability to the differential count of white blood cell in the monkey and in the dog. Spun blood smear slides prepared from 42 monkeys and 60 dogs were stained with Wright's dye and totals of 4971 white blood cells of the monkey and 7189 cells of the dog were counted, respectively. The identification rate of MICROX was checked by the cell by cell counting method on a monitor TV of the instrument. Analysis of the data was made to examine correlationship between the results of MICROX and of optical microscopy on the same slides. 1) Identification rates and misclassification rates were 97.0% and 3.0% respectively in monkeys and 96.4% and 3.6% in dogs. 2) A high degree of correlation was observed between the results by MICROX and by optical microscopy in respect of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes. 3) There were an average of 15.5 cells counted as unknown cells in monkey blood and 16.5 in dog blood per 100 cells, respectively. Of the unknown cells about 40 to 50% were closely disposed leukocytes within the same counting squares and almost all of atypical lymphocytes and erythroblasts were also counted as unknown cells on the analyzer. The data support the feasibility of the use of MICROX for the differential count of white blood cells of normal monkeys and dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The efficacy of alphamethrin-impregnated ear tags against ticks].

The efficacy of 3 kinds of alphamethrin-impregnated ear tags was tested against natural Amblyomma hebraeum, Boophilus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi infestations of cattle. One type of ear tag was also tested in combination with a tail band of similar material. Ticks were counted macroscopically on their predilection sites. Counts of B. decoloratus, R. appendiculatus, and R. e. evertsi on all trial animals diminished steadily during the first 7d after application of the devices. Counts on untreated control cattle had returned to their pre-treatment levels by Day 14 in the case of B. decoloratus, and by Day 21 for R. appendiculatus. R. e. evertsi did not regain their pre-treatment numbers during the trial period on the controls, but did so on one of the treated groups. This temporary drop could be interpreted as being the result of pyrethroid contamination from the hands of the investigators at the time of applying the ear tags, but did not interfere with the assessment of the effect of the tags. None of the forms of treatment showed acceptable efficacy against B. decoloratus. Ear tags alone were not very effective against R. e. evertsi, but the numbers of these ticks on the perineum were diminished by the use of tail bands. Two kinds of ear tags showed superior efficacy against R. appendiculatus, and in the case of these, one ear tag appeared to be as effective as two. The effect against A. hebraeum was evidently influenced by the distribution of the impregnated devices. Two types of ear tags were used alone and had no effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative evaluation of biopty gun testis needle biopsy. Correlation between biopsy score of varicocele-bearing testis and sperm count.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the applicability of quantitative evaluation of needle biopsy of the testis and any correlation between biopsy score and sperm parameters in infertile or subfertile men with varicocele. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 45 infertile men with clinical left varicocele were included in the study. All patients underwent left varicocelectomy and bilateral biopty gun needle biopsy of both testes. Spermiograms were obtained before and three months after the operation. The biopsy specimens were evaluated for Johnsen and Agger score, Leydig cell score, germ cell/Sertoli cell ratio, mean tubular diameter, peritubular fibrosis, and tubular and basement membrane hyalinization. RESULTS: Mean sperm count, motility and normally configured motile sperm counts increased 20%, 25% and 60% by month 3, respectively (P < .05). We did not observe any significant change in normally configured sperm counts. A mean of 14 tubuli per testis were obtained with single-pass needle biopsy. Johnsen and Agger scores, Leydig cell scores, mean tubular diameter and germ cell/Sertoli cell ratios of both testes were comparable. However, there was significantly less peritubular fibrosis, tubular hyalinization and basal membrane hyalinization in the right testis when compared to the varicocele-bearing left testis (P < .05). We found positive correlations between Johnsen and Agger score of varicocele-bearing left testis and preoperative normally configured motile sperm counts (Pearson's r = .34 and P < .05 and Pearson's r = .41 and P < .05, respectively). The Leydig cell score of varicocele-bearing testis correlated inversely with sperm counts (Pearson's r = -0.37, P < .05). CONCLUSION: These observations may prove of prognostic value in infertile or subfertile men with varicocele.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45 on the resistance to Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium infections].

Killed bacterial cells of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45 were found to be potent modifiers of non-specific resistance of mice against infection with either Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella typhimurium. Injection of P. granulosum 7 days prior to infection resulted in marked splenomegaly. Disseminated acute inflammatory foci were found histologically in the liver. These mice were apparently less susceptible to infection, since definitely lower bacterial counts were determined. Simultaneous application of both P. granulosum KP-45 and L. monocytogenes resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of mice to infection, since definitely higher bacterial counts were found and the inflammatory reaction to infection was markedly enhanced.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheal blood toxicity of topical 5-fluorouracil on the Syrian hamster cheek pouch.

Toxicological studies on the peripheral blood after topical application of 5-fluorouracil to the buccal pouch of the Suriam hamster showed that a daily application of 10 mul (9.5 mg) was the maximum ideal dose for this animal. This dose did not depress to a significant degree the white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin leve., hematocrit value, or the peripheral differential blood counts after 14 daily applications. Doses of increased concentration either daily or periodically were less effective and toxic.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Total lymphocyte count as a possible surrogate of CD4 cell count to prioritize eligibility for antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected individuals in resource-limited settings.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the value of total lymphocyte counts in predicting risk of death among patients initiating triple combination antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Study subjects included antiretroviral-naive persons aged 18 years or older who initiated treatment with triple combination therapy between August 1 1996 and September 30 1999 in a population-based observational cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Total lymphocyte counts as well as CD4 count and plasma viral load were assessed at baseline. Separate Cox proportional hazards models were devised to evaluate the effect on survival of total lymphocyte count in lieu of or with CD4 count after adjustment for other prognostic factors including plasma viral load. RESULTS: A total of 733 antiretroviral-naive persons initiated triple drug combination antiretroviral therapy over the study period with a median follow-up of 29.5 months. In the first analysis, only baseline CD4 cell counts of 50-199 cells/microl or less than 50 microl were associated with an increased risk of mortality [adjusted relative risk (ARR) 2.90; 95% CI: 1.40, 5.98] and (ARR 6.30; 95% CI: 2.93, 13.54), respectively. When CD4 counts were excluded from the analysis as if unavailable, total lymphocyte count of between 0.8 and 1.4 G/I, and less than 0.8 G/I were both significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality (ARR 2.36; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.78) and (ARR 6.17; 95% CI: 2.93, 13.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: Total lymphocyte count may provide a simple and cost-effective alternative for prioritizing therapy initiation in resource-limited settings. Our results suggest that, if appropriately validated, judicious application of total lymphocyte counts could overcome one of the practical obstacles to more widespread provision of antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Counting and sizing of particles and particle agglomerates in a microfluidic device using laser light scattering: application to a particle-enhanced immunoassay.

A microfluidic device for counting and sizing particles and particle agglomerates based on laser light scattering is demonstrated. The particles were confined hydrodynamically and passed through a focused laser beam. Scattering at two different angles, 15 degree and 45 degree, was detected. At an acquisition rate of 10 kHz, a throughput of 150 particles s(-1) was achieved. Scattering intensity was found to depend on particle volume for 2 to 9 microm diameter particles. Size discrimination of particles with a diameter ratio of 1: 2 was accomplished. In addition, the scattering signals of particle agglomerates formed in a particle-enhanced immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Scattering intensity was found to be dependent on the CRP concentration, 100 ng CRP per mL could be detected. The particle counting method presented is generic and can be employed in a wide variety of assays as well as for cell counting and particle counting.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1978

The analytic basis for the use of platelet estimates from peripheral blood smears. Laboratory and clinical applications.

Estimation of the platelet count from examination of peripheral blood smears is a widely practiced procedure, but statistical validity to judge the accuracy of the technic has been lacking. More than 400 patients' platelet estimates and counts were analyzed to develop a simple working formula to permit a reasonably accurate platelet estimate. Smear-to-smear and technician-to-technician variabilities were defined, and the influences of different microscopes on the platelet estimates were demonstrated. Platelet estimates can be used as a rapid, convenient measurement suitable for providing useful information for clinical judgement of a patient's platelet status providing that the method's limitations are recognized.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed2005

Artefacts in the analysis of temporal response functions measured by photon counting.

The least-squares (LS) method in fluorescence decay analyses and in time-domain analyses of the diffuse scattering light for data measured by the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique is experimentally evaluated, and the artefact in LS analysis for data with different counting statistics is discussed. In single exponential decay analysis, the error of the decay parameter by the LS method is smaller than 10% of the expected true value when the average number of counts per bin (N/k) is more than 1, and the fitting region covers a period on the order of the decay time. In multi-exponential analysis, the decay parameters are sensitively dependent on the counting statistics. In contrast, the fitting by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), assuming Poissonian statistics, greatly reduces such dependence of parameters on the counting statistics. In another application, time-domain diffuse scattering measurements, the LS method is only accurate at N/k > 50 (10% error in the absorption coefficient). In particular, the absorption coefficient is largely dependent on the count. In both examples, the problem of stability in the fitting process by MLE still remains: the convergence of the fitting is critically dependent on the selection of initial guesses of the parameters in contrast to the convergence in the LS method. Thus, a hybrid method using the LS method for the determination of the initial guesses is a practical solution to this problem.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2007

On the analysis of count data of birth-and-death process type: with application to molecularly targeted cancer therapy.

For molecularly targeted cancer therapy, potency of a novel monoclonal antibody is typically studied in vitro in order to observe directly the effect of the antibody on a malignant tumour cell population. Numbers of viable cells of the population are counted over time to evaluate how the antibody may change the population growth pattern. Usually, such count data is analysed by a log-linear model to estimate the average antibody effects, but it is based on a Poisson-like process and is not appropriate for modelling the growth pattern of the tumour cells. In this paper, we propose to analyse the count data from the point of view of a birth-and-death process, which is a more natural description of the biological process in these experiments. Assuming a simple birth-and-death process and a naïve regression model for the birth rate and death rate, we show that the log-linear relationship still holds for the average count and the covariates, although the linear predictor needs to satisfy a specific functional form. The estimation can be based on the quasi-likelihood method. The variance is not a simple function of the mean, but can be adequately approximated by a function of mean of either quadratic form or linear form, available in most standard statistical packages. We perform a simulation study to show that the proposed method provides consistent and robust estimations. The utility of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of a data set for experiment for anti-lymphoma monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

Application of systematic error bounds to detection limits for practical counting.

Overly optimistic estimates of detection limits can result in the use of unrealistic conservatism for decisions about the presence of activity. In some practical counting situations, overly conservative detection limits can result in economically impractical actions. To help preclude such actions, systematic error bounds, uncertainties, and confidence levels can be used when determining critical levels (Lc), detection limits (Ld), and minimum detectable concentrations. This note discusses the selection of such error bounds and the development of detection limit parameters for practical applications. These parameters are shown to be successfully employed in sample activity and measurement process capability decisions for typical counting instruments.

Radiometry↗
PubMed2006

Use of a centrifuge-based automated blood cell counter for radiation dose assessment.

Hematological changes create early-response biomarkers for assessing radiation doses. Existing dose-prediction models are based on serial blood lymphocyte counts after acute whole-body exposure to gamma-radiation. Measurements of lymphocyte-depletion kinetics after possible exposures are useful for triaging patients and managing medical resources. The small-footprint QBC Autoread Plus System provides cost-effective hematological analyses with reproducibility, accuracy, and a broad dynamic range. QBC analysis measures centrifugally packed, whole blood cells in microhematocrit tubes and reports pooled lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Our objective was to modify this procedure to report pure lymphocyte counts for radiation biodosimetry applications. The CD14 antigen is strongly expressed on most human monocytes. Using anti-CD14-coated Dynabeads, we have devised a rapid method for depleting monocytes from whole blood without altering the lymphocyte viability or count. This simple dry procedure provides reliable lymphocyte counts for results that fall within the normal lymphocyte count range (1-4 x 10(9) cells per L) for radiation exposure assessment using lymphocyte-depletion kinetics.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2005

Application of hidden Markov models to multiple sclerosis lesion count data.

This paper is motivated by the work of Albert et al. who consider lesion count data observed on multiple sclerosis patients, and develop models for each patient's data individually. From a medical perspective, adequate models for such data are important both for describing the behaviour of lesions over time, and for designing efficient clinical trials. In this paper, we discuss some issues surrounding the hidden Markov model proposed by these authors. We describe an efficient estimation method and propose some extensions to the original model. Our examples illustrate the need for models which describe all patients' data simultaneously, while allowing for inter-patient heterogeneity.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Special applications of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: the influence of sperm count, motility, morphology, source and sperm antibody on the outcome of ICSI.

The relationship between the three basic parameters of ejaculated spermatozoa, i.e. concentration, motility and morphology, and the results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were investigated in 838 microinjection cycles. A further 123 ICSI treatment cycles in which testicular spermatozoa were used for microinjection were also evaluated. The influence of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) on the outcome of ICSI was investigated by analysing 55 cycles where the proportion of ASA-bound spermatozoa was > or =80%. After microinjection, oocyte intactness, fertilization, embryo cleavage, transfer and pregnancy rates were recorded and compared. The results showed that neither the type nor the extent of sperm impairment had an important influence on the outcome of ICSI when ejaculated spermatozoa were used. Only two very rare conditions had a strongly negative influence on the result of ICSI, i.e. where immotile (presumably dead) spermatozoa or where round-headed spermatozoa were injected into the oocyte. Neither the proportion of ASA-bound spermatozoa, the type of dominantly present ASA, nor the location of ASA on the spermatozoa had an important influence on fertilization, embryo development or pregnancy rates after ICSI. In most of the cycles combined with testicular biopsy (79%), there were enough motile spermatozoa present in the wet preparation for injection of all the oocytes. Injection of motile testicular spermatozoa led to a higher normal fertilization rate than did injection of non-motile spermatozoa (65 versus 21%). It can be concluded that injection of motile (living) spermatozoa into oocytes is the most important factor in determining good results with ICSI and that other sperm parameters do not have a strong influence on the outcome of ICSI.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1997

Effect of topical applications of budesonide and azelastine on nasal symptoms, eosinophil count and mediator release in atopic patients after nasal allergen challenge during the pollen season.

We studied the activity of a topical form of a corticosteroid (budesonide) and an antihistamine (azelastine) in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis by including an assessment of mediator concentrations and the percentage of eosinophils in the nasal secretions before and after the treatment. Nasal allergen challenge (NAC) during the season was performed to mimic an acute attack of allergic rhinitis and to objectively evaluate the effect of the drugs on the early-phase reaction. The study compared in a randomized way (2 parallel groups) the effect of budesonide (Rhinocort Aqua) and azelastine (Allergodil nasal spray) in a group of 14 patients during the pollen season. The study showed that azelastine significantly reduced sneezing, total nasal resistance and increased nasal airflow even when significant increases in histamine, tryptase and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) concentrations in nasal secretions were evidenced immediately after NAC. Budesonide showed a strong (p<0.05) decrease in infiltration and activation of eosinophils, and on tryptase and LTC4 release after NAC. These effects (not for LTC4) lasted at least for 1 week after therapy. Azelastine is a powerful topical antihistamine, while budesonide appears to be a potent long-acting anti-inflammatory agent.

Adolescent↗