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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Adjuvant CMFVP versus adjuvant CMFVP plus ovariectomy for premenopausal, node-positive, and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of surgical ovariectomy to standard chemotherapy prolongs disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival in premenopausal patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive operable breast cancer with positive axillary nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred fourteen premenopausal patients with ER-positive, node-positive breast cancer were enrolled between July 1979 and July 1989. Patients were stratified according to number of involved nodes and type of primary surgery and randomized to receive either of the following: (1) cyclophosphamide 60 mg/m2/d by mouth for 1 year, methotrexate 15 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) weekly for 1 year, fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2 i.v. weekly for 1 year, vincristine .625 mg/m2 i.v. weekly for the first 10 weeks, and prednisone weeks 1 to 10 with doses decreasing from 30 mg/m2 to 2.5 mg/m2 (CMFVP); or (2) bilateral ovariectomy followed by CMFVP. RESULTS: The median follow-up time is 7.7 years and the maximum 13.2 years. Treatment arms are not significantly different with respect to either survival or DFS (one-sided log-rank, P = .55 and .70, respectively). The 7-year survival rate is 71% on the CMFVP arm and 73% on CMFVP plus ovariectomy. No significant differences were observed in node or receptor level subsets. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in this study, the addition of ovariectomy did not improve results over chemotherapy alone in the treatment of premenopausal women with node-positive, ER-positive, operable breast cancer. Our sample size was too small to detect a small improvement. The death hazards ratio of CMFVP/CMFVP plus ovariectomy was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], .79 to 1.89).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2000

Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression as adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive pre-/perimenopausal breast cancer patients: results of the Italian Breast Cancer Adjuvant Study Group 02 randomized trial. boccardo@hp380.ist.unige.it.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of chemotherapy versus that of tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression in pre-/perimenopausal estrogen receptor-positive patients with early breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either six cycles of a standard regimen of cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m(2) orally days 1 to 14, methotrexate 40 mg/m(2) intravenously (IV) days 1 and 8, and fluorouracil 600 mg/m(2) IV days 1 and 8 (CMF), with all drugs restarted on day 29, or 5 years of tamoxifen, 30 mg/d, plus ovarian suppression with surgical oophorectomy, ovarian irradiation, or monthly goserelin 3.6-mg injections. Disease-free survival was the main study end point. Overall survival and toxicity were additional end points. RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1997, 120 patients were assigned to CMF and 124 to tamoxifen and ovarian suppression (oophorectomy, n = 6; ovarian irradiation, n = 31; and goserelin injections, n = 87). At the time of analysis (median follow-up time, 76 months; range, 9 to 121 months), 82 patients had relapsed and 39 had died. No difference between groups had emerged with respect to either disease-free or overall survival. Treatments were comparable even in respect to age, tumor size, and nodal status, although a nonsignificant trend favored patients with poorly differentiated tumors treated with CMF. Leukopenia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, and alopecia were significantly more common in patients treated with CMF. There were few patients who developed benign gynecologic changes in either group, and numbers were comparable. CONCLUSION: The combination of tamoxifen with ovarian suppression seems to be safe and to yield comparable results relative to standard CMF.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of adjuvant endocrine and adjuvant chemoendocrine therapies on metastasis of androgen-dependent Shionogi carcinoma 115.

Shionogi carcinoma 115 is an androgen-dependent tumor, defined by its failure to grow in either female or castrated male DS mice, and by its ability to grow in intact male DS mice as well as in female or castrated male DS mice given androgen. Since spontaneous lung metastasis was found in about 50% of intact male DS mice on the 40th day after s.c. transplantation of the tumor, we investigated the effect of various therapies on development of metastasis. Therapies were started on the 25th day after transplantation. Castration alone did not reduce the frequency of metastasis, and tumor excision alone reduced the frequency slightly. However, castration following the tumor excision showed an excellent effect. Chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, 80 mg/kg body weight, three times) with or without tumor excision also showed a beneficial effect, and the combination of the tumor excision, castration, and chemotherapy was the most effective among various therapies examined. These results indicate that the Shionogi carcinoma 115 tumor is a useful model for therapy against metastasis of human hormone-dependent cancers.

Androgens↗
PubMed2005

[The role of local immune response in gastric mucosa in the protection induced by Helicobacter pylori vaccine with chitosan as adjuvant].

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunological protection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) vaccine with chitosan as adjuvant and it's mechanism. METHODS: One-grade female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into nine groups and immunized by (1) PBS alone, (2) chitosan solution alone, (3) chitosan particles alone, (4) H. pylori antigen alone, (5) H. pylori antigen plus chitosan solution, (6) H. pylori antigen plus chitosan particles, (7) H. pylori antigen plus CT, (8) H. pylori antigen plus chitosan solution and cholera toxin (CT), (9) H. pylori antigen plus chitosan particles and CT orally respectively once a week for four weeks. At 4 weeks after the last immunization, these mice were challenged by alive H. pylori (1 x 10(9)/ml) twice at two days intervals. At 4 weeks after the last challenge, these mice were all killed and Gastric mucosa were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and assayed with Giemsa stain. The other gastric mucosa were used to quantitatively culture H. pylori. An ELISA was used to detect anti-H. pylori IgA in saliva and gastric mucosa and a quantitative ELISA was used to detect IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 content in gastric mucosa, and SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in gastric mucosa. RESULTS: (1) In the groups with chitosan as adjuvant, 60% mice could achieve immunological protection, which was according to that with CT as adjuvant (58.33%), and was significantly higher than H. pylori antigen alone and other groups without H. pylori antigen (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). While the rates of protection in the groups with chitosan plus CT as adjuvant were 84.62%, 85.71% and the H. pylori colonization score in it was significantly lower than that in the groups with CT as adjuvant and without adjuvants (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). (2) the labeling index for sIgA-positive lumen of glands and special anti-H. pylori IgA levels in gastric mucosa in the groups with chitosan as an adjuvant had no difference with those in the group with CT as an adjuvant (P > 0.05) and were significantly higher than those in non-adjuvant groups, while those in the groups with chitosan plus CT were significantly higher than those in the group with CT as an adjuvant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). (3) Before challenge, the content of IL-2 in gastric mucosa were no different among different groups (P > 0.05). After challenge the content of IL-2 were significantly higher in the groups with adjuvant than those in the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), Moreover, those in the groups with antigen after challenge were significantly higher than those before challenge (P < 0.05). (4) Before challenge, the content of IL-10 in gastric mucosa were significantly higher in the groups with chitosan as adjuvant than those in the control group and the group without adjuvant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). After challenge, the content of IL-10 were no different among different groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, those in the groups with adjuvant after challenge were significantly lower than those before challenge (P < 0.01). (5) Before challenge, the content of IL-4 in gastric mucosa were significantly higher in the groups with chitosan as adjuvant than those in the control group and the group without adjuvant (P < 0.05), After challenge, the content of IL-4 were significantly higher in the groups with chitosan particles as an adjuvant than those in the group with CT as an adjuvant (P < 0.05), and those in the group with chitosan solution as an adjuvant were significantly higher than those in control group, non-adjuvant group and the groups with CT (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), Moreover, those in the groups with adjuvant after challenge were significantly lower than those before challenge (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: (1) H. pylori vaccine with chitosan as adjuvant could protect against H. pylori infection, this suggested that chitosan could be a mucosa adjuvant of H. pylori vaccine, and it could effectively elicit special humoral immune response of systemic and local mucosa, which might be one of its protective mechanism. (2) H. pylori vaccine with chitosan as adjuvant may induce both Th1 and Th2 type immune response, and after challenge it could reverse the inhibition of Th2 induced by H. pylori infection and recover the Th1/Th2 imbalance. which might contribute to the immune protection against H. pylori.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the effects of five adjuvants on the antibody response to influenza virus antigen in guinea pigs.

Five adjuvants were tested for their effect on the immune response in guinea pigs to the hemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus strain B/Panama. Vaccines containing 924 micrograms of hemagglutinin antigen/ml were prepared at high and low doses of Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants, Syntex adjuvant, RIBI's adjuvant, TiterMax adjuvant, and aluminum phosphate adjuvant. Responses to these vaccines were compared with those to a control vaccine containing influenza virus B/Panama hemagglutinin antigen and saline. On day 28, vaccines containing the following adjuvant doses had significantly higher titers than the titer for the control: Freund adjuvants at high and low doses, RIBI at high dose, TiterMax at high and low doses, and aluminum phosphate at high dose. On day 42, vaccines containing the following adjuvant doses had significantly higher titers than that for the control: Freund adjuvants at high and low doses, RIBI at high dose, TiterMax at high dose, and aluminum phosphate at high dose. Freund adjuvants at high and low doses, RIBI adjuvant at high dose, and aluminum phosphate at high dose caused significantly greater swelling at the inoculation site than did the control vaccine. TiterMax adjuvant at high and low doses, and aluminum phosphate at low dose caused minor swelling at the inoculation site, but it was not significantly different from the swelling caused by the control vaccine. Syntex adjuvant at high and low doses, RIBI at low dose, and control (saline/antigen) at high and low doses caused no swelling after inoculation. Overall, the high dose of adjuvants caused greater tissue swelling than did the low dose of adjuvants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗