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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Three-dimensional vectorcardiography (3-D VCG) by computer graphics in old myocardial infarction.

By using computer graphics we rotated the vector loop and three coordinate axes to find the viewpoint where the infarctional changes are maximally exposed and demonstrated the advantage of the "3-D VCG" over the conventional VCG by defining the quantitative "MI index." The orthogonal electrocardiogram recorded by the Frank lead system was digitally measured and processed by a microcomputer. The loops and axes were rotated about the X axis (X-rot) and the Y axis (Y-rot). The spatial vector loop and orthogonal coordinates can be presented as viewed from any spheric direction. Eight quadrants were illustrated with four colors and red circles. The subjects consisted of 30 patients with old anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and 15 patients with old inferior MI. We measured the area of "Bite" in anterior MI and superior displacement in inferior MI. The MI index was defined and averaged in 361 directions. In anterior MI, the maximum mean index was obtained when X-rot is +90 degrees and Y-rot -40 degrees, viewed from upward and leftward, whereas in inferior MI it was obtained when X-rot is -50 degrees and Y-rot -80 degrees, viewed from downward and leftward. These values were significantly higher than those in conventional VCG projections, substantiating superior diagnostic sensitivity of 3-D VCG.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Value of vectorcardiography in predicting progress in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Sixteen of 75 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) died during a mean follow-up period of 39.7 months. In non-survivors, the cardiothoracic ratio and the left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions were greater, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressures were more elevated, and the cardiac index was lower than in the survivors at the time of initial diagnosis. There were no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors in the magnitude of the maximum QRS and T vectors or in the maximum T angle. In the non-survivors, the maximum QRS vector was directed more posteriorly and the width/length ratio of the loop in the horizontal plane was smaller than in survivors. The QRS loop in the horizontal plane was often distorted in non-survivors or showed a bizarre figure-of-eight configuration. It appears that in DCM a marked posterior displacement of a QRS loop that is narrow and distorted or is in a bizarre figure-of-eight configuration in the horizontal plane indicates an unfavorable prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of right ventricular overload in patients with chronic pulmonary disease by 12-lead electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, and body surface electrocardiographic mapping.

Twenty-eight patients with chronic pulmonary diseases were examined with standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), vectorcardiogram (VCG), and body surface ECG mapping (MAP). The electrocardiographic findings were compared with results of 99 mTc radionuclide right ventriculography or T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis between the electrocardiographic parameters and right ventricular ejection fraction, only the amplitude of the negative P wave in V2 (r = 0.69), the posterior force of P loop in VCG (r = 0.71), and the size of -2SD area at 50 msec QRS potential departure map (r = 0.55) were selected as the parameters in standard ECG, VCG, and MAP, respectively. On the radionuclide ventriculography and myocardial scintigraphy, 14 patients were judged to have right ventricular overload. The criteria by VCG, and MAP had better sensitivity and specificity for right ventricle overload than those by 12-lead ECG. VCG criteria of Chou et al had sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 71%. MAP criteria, departure index of F3 or F4 less than or equal to -2, had sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%. The electrocardiographic findings by standard 12-lead ECG, VCG and body surface ECG mapping are useful parameters for the noninvasive detection of right ventricular overload in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases.

Chronic Disease↗