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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Circulation of the virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome among small mammals in the territory of the USSR].

Over 55,000 small mammals of 72 species trapped in 62 administrative territories practically in all landscape-geographical zones of the USSR were examined in 1980-1985. The use of current laboratory methods demonstrated a wide spread of HFRS virus in the territory of this country, involvement in the epizootic process of most species of forest and steppe murine rodents and insectivora. In each landscape zone, the main carriers of the HFRS agent were established, represented, as a rule, by the basic species having a high and stable population density.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antigenic and biological characteristics of strains of the influenza A (H3N2) virus, similar to virus A/Hong Kong/68, isolated from children in the USSR in 1986].

Influenza A viruses (H3N2) isolated in the USSR, 1986, from children were antigenically similar to the prototype A/Hong Kong/1/68 strain. Alongside with the similarity with the latter virus, the new isolates had a number of distinctive features both in the antigenic specificity of hemagglutinin and in the structure of the polymerase complex proteins. All the foregoing allows to exclude laboratory contamination and suggests the possibility of circulation of such viruses among children.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative analysis of epidemic strains of the influenza A virus (H1N1), isolated in the USSR and Czechoslovakia in 1986].

A comparative study of antigenic and molecular-biological properties of epidemic influenza virus strains isolated in the USSR and CSSR in the autumn-winter, 1986-1987 was carried out and showed that the epidemics in both countries were due to influenza A viruses of H1N1 subtype, antigenically related to the reference A/Taiwan/1/86 and A/Singapore/6/86 strains, which was confirmed by electrophoretic studies. The strains were found to vary in sensitivity to heating and to the inhibitors.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1989

[The frequency of the production of toxic-shock exotoxin by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in the USSR].

515 S. aureus strains, isolated from carriers and patients with staphylococcal infection in different regions of the USSR, were studied. Of these, 52.2% were found capable of producing exotoxin of toxic shock (ETS). The occurrence of the capacity for ETS production was the same among the strains isolated from the upper respiratory ways of carriers and from the purulent inflammatory foci of patients and little varied in staphylococci isolated in different regions. The study revealed that in strains sensitive to the typing phages of the International Set the capacity for ETS production occurred considerably more frequently than in nontyped cultures. No essential differences with respect to this sign between strains belonging to different phage groups were established.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A new rabies vaccine in public health practice in the USSR].

A new antirabies vaccine prepared on the basis of virus grown in the ovine brain, purified from 85-90% of brain-tissue ballast substances and inactivated with beta-propilactone has been developed at the Moscow Research Institute of Viral preparations (USSR Acad. Med. Sci.). The preparation produces no neuro-allergenic effect in tests on guinea pigs. When injected to humans, the vaccine shows much lower reactogenicity than Fermi vaccine. High antigenic and immunogenic activity of the new vaccine has made it possible to work out a less intensive immunization schedule in comparison with that used for immunization with Fermi vaccine and nonconcentrated tissue-culture vaccine, viz. doses of 3 ml for 12 days or doses of 3 ml for 20 days with two booster immunizations. The preparation has been introduced into medical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parasitic diseases in the USSR and tasks in their prevention].

Paper presents the data on the morbidity pattern of parasitic diseases in the USSR as well as on the trends in ascariasis, trichocephaliasis and hymenolepiasis infection rates. Problems of improving the prophylactic and antiepidemic measures are discussed with regard both to practical parasitology and investigations.

Ascariasis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A physiologic approach to determining and classifying the energy requirements of the population of the USSR].

To develop more accurate recommendations on physiological requirements of the population of the USSR in food substances and energy the author has suggested a new classification of energy expenditure based on the account of the human physical activity with respect to the basal metabolism values. The data are presented on the basal metabolism for different populations depending on the sex, age and body mass. Energy expenditures are classified in the values relative to the basal metabolism. Daily energy expenditures of men have been divided into 5 groups depending on the hardness of their labour: very easy, easy, not very hard, hard and very hard labor. Four groups of physical activity or labor have been suggested for women, these groups correspond to the first four groups developed for men.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1989

[A case of death from AIDS in the USSR].

The authors describe the first case of death from AIDS in the USSR of our countrywoman. The clinical manifestations of AIDS in the young woman were determined by opportunistic infections: disseminated candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs as well as Pneumocystis pneumonia which ran an extremely grave course with a progressive increase of acute respiratory and cardiopulmonary failure and sepsis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Shigellosis in the USSR: the etiological role of Shigella dysenteriae].

The etiological role of S. dysenteriae in Shigella infections at different territories of the USSR in 1983-1987 is analyzed. The study shows that S. dysenteriae pertain to territories with unfavorable water supply of the population. At some of these territories, in particular the Uzbek SSR, Grigor'ev-Shiga dysentery seems to gain ground and the restoration of the area of its spread occurs. In recent years the penetration of Grigor'ev-Shiga dysentery from abroad became more frequent in the presence of the pandemic of this dysentery in the world, which caused the appearance of the disease in 17 out of 27 basic territories of the All-Union Center of Shigella Infections. The ways for increasing the control of this infection are outlined.

Dysentery, Bacillary↗
PubMed1989

[Drug resistance of the causative agent of Grigo'rev-Shiga dysentery (Shigella dysenteriae 1)isolated in the USSR].

Forty strains of S. dysenteriae 1 isolated in the USSR within 1986-1988 were tested for their resistance to 11 antibacterial drugs. It was shown that 92.5-97.5 per cent of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (Cm) and tetracycline (Tc), 22.5 per cent to streptomycin (Sm), 17.5 per cent to nalidixic acid (Nal) and 10 per cent to ampicillin (Ap) and polymyxin (Pm). Resistance to Cm Tc (51.4 per cent) and Cm Tc Nal (13.5 per cent) represented the predominating phenotype. 35 per cent of the strains carried conjugative R plasmids. In the majority of the cases, the determinants of resistance to Cm and Tc were transferred, which must define the high frequency of the strains resistant to Cm and Tc. All the tested strains were sensitive to gentamicin, neomycin, rifampicin, cefamezin and ciprofloxacin. Since the strains of S. dysenteriae 1 proved to be highly sensitive to the tested drugs it appeared possible to consider them as the drugs of choice in etiotropic therapy of patients with dysentery caused by the pathogens of the Grigoryev-Shiga group.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methods of analysis for toxic elements in food products. 1. Mineralization methods to determine heavy metals and arsenic according to the USSR standard.

Results of the work of 22 laboratories in the USSR on optimizing methods for mineralizing foods to determine Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cu, Sn, and Fe are summarized. Recommendations are given on dry and wet mineralization as related to the analyte and the kind of food product. Optimum amounts of test portions for 22 food groups are also recommended according to the element of interest.

Arsenic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methods of analysis for toxic elements in food products. 2. Review of USSR standards on determinations of heavy metals and arsenic.

Methods of analysis prescribed by USSR standards for Hg, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Sn in foods are described: for Hg--colorimetry of tetraiodide mercurate and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS); for Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu--polarography; for Cu--colorimetry with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate; for As--colorimetry with silver diethyldithiocarbamate; for Sn--colorimetry with quercetin; and for Fe--colorimetry with o-phenanthroline. All of the methods have the necessary metrological characteristics, including intralaboratory repeatability value (r), interlaboratory reproducibility value (R), minimum quantity of the element to be determined in the analytical test portion (MQSM), and the coefficients that account for mercury and arsenic losses during analysis. Establishing constant r- and R-values for the methods under consideration is expedient because (a) the methods suggested are used for safety purposes; and (b) the optimum amount of the element studied in the test sample is determined, to a certain degree, by the mass of the test portion.

Arsenic↗
PubMed1989

[Histologic diagnosis of African histoplasmosis (the first case of the disease in the USSR)].

The findings obtained from histological examination of a biopsy specimen enabled a case of African histoplasmosis to be first recorded in the USSR. The disease was detected in an African student who had had a long-term latent period. The diagnosis was culturally and clinically verified. The problems of the histological differential diagnosis of African histoplasmosis are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Condition of morbidity and prevention of acute intestinal infections in the USSR].

The article presents original materials characterizing morbidity in acute enteric infections, such as typhoid fever and other Salmonella infections, dysentery, in the USSR. Morbidity registered in recent years is shown to be the consequence of the unsatisfactory solution of problems connected with supplying the population with epidemiologically safe water and foodstuffs. The decisive role played by sanitary and hygienic measures in the prevention and control of acute enteric infections is emphasized.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Reconstruction of medical education in the USSR].

The submitted review is devoted to changes in undergraduate medical education in the USSR. In the first part the author discuss seven important problems faced so far by medical faculties: extensive approach to medical training, little effective organization and management of education, hitherto existing goals of undergraduate education, hitherto valid concepts of its contents, inadequate material conditions for training, declining quality of teachers and students. The mentioned problems still partly exist and make the efforts regarding reconstruction of education difficult. In the second part of the paper for each of the quoted problems changes are described which were already achieved or will be implemented in the near future. The author mentions also some controversial suggestions. Positive and negative experience with the reconstruction of the medical course are compared and weighted, incl. changes in the admission of students.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1987

[Human acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with HTLV-I virus and its infection in healthy populations from various regions of the USSR].

Patients with various forms of hemoblastoses (328) and clinically healthy persons (530) were examined for antibodies to HTLV-I. The presence of antibodies was detected in 3 out of 40 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and only in 1 of 70 patients with lymphosarcoma. These data indicate that sporadic cases of T-cell leukemia associated with HTLV-I were detected in the USSR. Out of 530 healthy persons only 4 contained antibodies to HTLV-I antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in the USSR].

The serological study of 20 sera, showing atypical reaction with HIV-1 in the immunoblotting assay, for the presence of HIV-2 infection revealed some cases of this infection among Africans who had arrived to the USSR from Western Africa (5 cases) and Burundi (1 case); besides, in 1 case HIV-2 infection was detected in a Soviet female citizen having had many sexual partners among foreigners.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[The Central Scientific Research Roentgenoradiology Institute of the USSR Ministry of Public Health--70th anniversary (on the history of the Institute)].

The paper is devoted to the history of the organization of the Central Research Roentgenoradiology Institute, USSR Ministry of Health and its 70th anniversary. The great role of the Institute in the organization of Soviet and world roentgenoradiology is emphasized; the main stages of its investigations are described; qualified personnel has been trained over this period. The authors briefly describe the on-going investigations and prospects of their development.

Academies and Institutes↗