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The Cross of Lorraine.

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Academies and Institutes↗
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[Not Available].

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Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1992

[Not Available].

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Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2001

[Medical treatment support to tuberculous patients--from the standpoint of community support].

A symposium with "Medical Treatment Support to Tuberculous Patients--From the standpoint of community support" as its theme was held at the 76th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis (April 20, 2001). "Once, It is infected with tuberculosis, one have to complete medication with a sensitive antituberculosis drug by observing the prescribed dose and duration for successful treatment". For this to be promoted community, it is necessary that (1) to manage patient's medication by medical facilities, (2) to support patient's medication by health center and (3) to support patient's living by welfare offices. Not that each facilities takes such responsibilities alone, but various community must fulfill them continuously in liaison with one another. On what measures should be taken to that end, reports based on practical examples from Nagoya City, Yokohama City and Kanagawa Prefecture have been compiled as follows. 1. It was in-office liaison by conference that supported the DOTS activities of health nurses. 2. It is cooperating, without health, medical treatment, and welfare going out, as follows. (1) A system for hospitals and clinics to carry out DOTS treatment consistently has been kept in good condition. (2) For a patient to take a drug in front of a nurse has become common, causing the patients to be motivated. (3) Assignment of MSW and nurses in charge of DOTS sent from hospitals has make it possible to offer or exchange information smoothly among those concerned. (4) A system for many persons concerned to support patients timely has been kept in good condition. This resulted in an increase in the cure rate of tuberculosis in the areas which have day laborers' lodgings. 3. By DOTS for in-patients, the number of self-discharges has decreased by 1/3, and the treatment completion rate was 94%. 4. In promotion of DOTS for the patients who have health problems other than tuberculosis, the role MSW plays is great. 5. As conditions for supporting DOTS promotion, it is necessary to create a system by which to stabilize the living of the patient himself, guarantee earnings to support it and dissolve the living problem faced by the patient. 6. Introduction of the "early guidance system for the patients in whom the treatment of tuberculosis" was discontinued has strengthened the liaison between health offices and medical facilities, has led to early detection in persons yet to receive medical treatment and resumption of medical treatment, making it possible to deal with problem cases effectively on a priority basis. It has been confirmed that liaison between health, medical service and welfare for community support of the treatment of tuberculous patients who live in that community resulted in improvement of clinical results of tuberculous patients. In this connection, Dr. Shirai advised "For a tuberculous patient to form a habit of taking a drug wherever he lives needs to be recognized as a major subject". He presented the forcible yell. "Any local government office has the homeless. I want you to make efforts so that DOTS be given to all the tuberculous persons. If there is any problem, I am ready to give advice."

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2002

[The frequency profiles of size of two-step tuberculin skin tests with histories of BCG vaccinations and tuberculin tests among hospital employees].

In 1998, Prevention Committee of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis announced guidelines for dealing with nosocomial tuberculosis infections. These guidelines recommended the two-step tuberculin tests (TST) as baseline data for each medical employee when they started to work. If accurate records of previous TSTs are available in addition to baseline data, they are useful to evaluate the presence of tuberculosis infection when they started to work. We therefore studied the frequency profile of size of TST among medical employees in INBA-HITEC Medical Center and discussed methods to improve investigative measures for tuberculosis infection, and prior to skin testing we asked self-reporting questionnaires regarding history of previous BCG vaccinations and TSTs. We expected that their records of previous TSTs were accurately preserved, however, records of previous TSTs reported by medical employees were found to be inaccurate. From two-step TSTs results, the magnitude of booster phenomenon was defined by diameter of erythema and induration. Results demonstrated that the increase of induration size was larger in subjects > or = 41-years-old than in subjects < 41-years-old. Regarding booster phenomenon, no statistically significant differences were detected according to type of duty post. Many subjects with size of TST erythema > or = 30 mm on the first test showed increase erythema > or = 10 mm on the second test. We therefore suggest that the second test be made for those showing reaction size > or = 30 mm on the first test.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The Dutch contribution to worldwide tuberculosis control: Royal Netherlands Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis (KNCV) Tuberculosis Foundation].

During the 1960s and 1970s tuberculosis was severely neglected in developing countries. Less than 50% of patients diagnosed were cured. However, an international breakthrough occurred in the 1980s with the excellent results from a short-course treatment: 80% cured. This was first achieved in Tanzania. Since 1993, this innovative approach has been known throughout the world as the 'directly observed treatment, short-course' (DOTS) strategy. Over the past 15 years the interest in international tuberculosis control has substantially improved. There has been a strong increase in the number of initiatives to rapidly extend the use of DOTS so that internationally set targets for tuberculosis control can be met (by 2005, 70% of infectious patients detected and 85% of these cured). The highest priority has been given to the 22 countries with the highest incidence of tuberculosis. There has been a significant increase in the number of countries implementing DOTS. The average rate of cure using DOTS is 80%. Since the 1970s the Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association (Koninklijke Nederlandse Centrale Vereniging tot Bestrijding der Tuberculose (KNCV)) has been involved in many international initiatives, such as the Stop TB Partnership, and it has participated in the development and implementation of policies for tuberculosis and tuberculosis-HIV control. However, there are still causes for concern: the number of tuberculosis patients is increasing in particular due to the tuberculosis-HIV co-epidemic and it is estimated that only 1 in 4 infectious tuberculosis patients were detected and treated in DOTS programmes during the year 2000.

Antitubercular Agents↗