Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Training Technics”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Laboratory based training in urological microsurgery with bench model simulators: a randomized controlled trial evaluating the durability of technical skill.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the durability of laboratory based technical skills training in urological microsurgery using bench model simulators. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 50 junior surgery residents (post-graduate years 1 to 3) were recruited to participate in a focused training program in urological microsurgery. Prior to training subjects were randomized to receive hands-on training with bench model simulators (silicone tubing or live rat vas deferens, 40) or didactic training alone (10). Four months following the original training program the technical performance of 18 returning subjects (13 from the bench model and 5 from the didactic training group) was reevaluated using a high fidelity, live animal model (vasovasostomy and rat vas deferens). Outcome measures included blinded, expert assessment of videotaped performance using checklists and global rating scores, and evaluation of anastomotic patency. RESULTS: The retention test checklist (p <0.001), global rating scores (p <0.001) and anastomotic patency rates (p = 0.05) in the live animal model remained significantly higher for subjects who originally received hands-on bench model training compared with those who received didactic training alone. The number of interim practice opportunities with microsurgery correlated significantly with expert global ratings of surgical performance irrespective of the nature of training (r = 0.54, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory based technical skills training with bench models can lead to a significant retention of technical skill by novice surgeons. Measured performance improvements appear to be durable with time. However, the opportunity for repeat hands-on practice appears to maximize the retention of technical skill.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A study of cognitive and technical skill deterioration among trained paramedics.

Thirty trained paramedics were studied to measure cognitive and technical skill deterioration 6 to 30 months after completion of their individual training programs. The group of 30 paramedics included those with six months and those with one year of training. The purpose of the study was to identify areas in need of continuing education and to see if the rate of skill deterioration correlated with the time from completion of the training program. The trained paramedics were given the same final written and technical skill examination they had taken at the end of their training and the individuals' two scores were compared. The skills requiring the most technical knowledge deteriorated the fastest. Also, basic skills, despite frequent use in the field, had deteriorated. The amount of skill deterioration was greatest among the group of trained paramedics that had completed their training 30 months prior to this study.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Control of laparoscopic instrument motion in an inanimate bench model: implications for the training and evaluation of technical skills.

Laparoscopic surgery requires new methods of technical competency evaluation, as well as training. The first purpose was to assess the differences in motion characteristics between the tip of the instrument and the wrist. The second purpose was to determine whether similar control strategies are used to move instruments in virtual reality and bench model environments. Surgically naive participants were required to tap a laparoscopic instrument between two targets that differed in size and separation distance. Large amplitude movements were controlled with the movements of the wrist and small amplitude with the wrist and the fingers (p<.001). Participants utilized the flexibility of the skin of the laparoscopic trainer to facilitate their movements. These results suggest that monitoring the motions of the instrument tip is a more precise indication of its motions than are motions of the wrist when movements of small amplitudes are produced. Moreover, in order to increase fidelity, VR trainers should simulate the flexibility of the real structures around the insertion of the instrument.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual homeless youth: an eight-city public health perspective.

This article reports on results of a one-day public health survey conducted in six states by homeless youth providers to measure and compare risk factors between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) homeless youth and non-LGB homeless youth. This article intends to inform the child welfare field on existing gaps in services and areas where more training and technical support is necessary in providing services to homeless LGB youth. The findings point to substantial differences within the homeless youth sample and demonstrate that in addition to the public health risks young people face merely by being homeless, the risks are exacerbated for those who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. The article informs child welfare providers and policymakers about the substantial vulnerability of LGB youth beyond that of non-LGB homeless youth and the need to fund programming, training, technical assistance and further research to specifically respond to the complex needs of this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Learning surgical technical skills.

Training issues raised by the recent introduction of laparoscopic surgical techniques led to this analysis of motor-skill learning principles as they apply specifically to the learning of technical surgical skills. The most accepted theories of motor-skill learning are presented, not as opposing views, but as complementary constructs. The behaviourist school of thought's main contribution is the executive routine or knowledge of the steps of a procedure. Schmidt's schema theory and MacKay's node theory suggest that perceptual information may play an important role in the quality of the performance. The conclusions reached from neuropsychologic testing experiments on surgeons are that visuospatial perceptual skills (the ability to represent mentally the physical environment and the movement to be performed) are the major determinants of surgical technical performance. Learners should make use of learning strategies that improve mental representation of a skill and the corresponding anatomy. Specific strategies discussed include imagery, mental practice and a systematic review of performance that focuses on the perceptual feedback received by the learner.

General Surgery↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EVATS: a proactive solution to improve surgical education and maintain flexibility in the new training era.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of the EVATS rotation. DESIGN: Descriptive document. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Faculty and residents of the University of Washington. METHODS: In July 2003 we identified the need for a new, independent, educational module within our residency training. Requirements for this rotation included dedicated time for technical skills training on simulators, independent competency learning modules, academic research project time, vacation time and coverage, and flexibility for unplanned leave (eg, interview travel, m/paternity leave). RESULTS: An EVATS rotation was created in July 2003 that is provided at each training level and lasts from 4 to 8 weeks depending on R-level. EVATS meets the following challenges: Emergency coverage (EVATS residents available for last-minute service coverage), vacation time/vacation coverage (2 weeks vacation + 1 week vacation coverage; this maintains vacations for all residents every 6 months), academic time (residents now must complete 1 academic project for graduation) and ACGME competency learning and assessment, and technical skills training (includes simulator work for open/lap skills). Initial implementation indices are high and include resident satisfaction, 80-hour work week compliance, academic productivity, and patient continuity of care. CONCLUSIONS: The 21st century brought new challenges for surgical training. Increased societal demands for skills training in a laboratory setting using simulators and the 6 ACGME competencies all require classroom-type training periods. Paradoxically, the 80-hour work week restricted the time available for these educational activities and made it more difficult for programs to accommodate resident vacations and emergencies. These challenges provided an opportunity to enhance the educational experience for our residency program. The product was the EVATS rotation. Early data after implementation are favorable.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of age, tenure, training, and job complexity on technical performance.

Effects on performance of age, tenure, training level, and job complexity were investigated in a cross-sectional study using a sample of 1,308 service engineers employed by a multinational office equipment company. Two measures of job performance were derived from production record data, one relating to the quality of servicing and the other to the speed with which services were completed. Scores for each performance measure were analyzed by analysis of variance. For the quality of servicing measure, a significant main effect of age and a significant Age X Training interaction were obtained, and the relation between age and job performance took the form of an inverted U. For the speed of servicing measure, the main effects of age, tenure, training level, and job complexity were significant and there were no significant interactions. However, for both performance measures, age accounted for only a very small proportion of the variance. We discuss these results with reference to the existing literature on age and technical job performance, and conclude that training, especially if it is recent, may moderate adverse effects of age on job performance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interventions to prevent and control food-borne diseases associated with a reduction in traveler's diarrhea in tourists to Jamaica.

BACKGROUND: In 1996 a study found that approximately one in four tourists to Jamaica were affected with traveler's diarrhea (TD) during their stay. That year the Ministry of Health initiated a program for the prevention and control of TD. The aim of this ongoing program was to reduce attack rates of TD from 25% to 12% over a 5-year period by improving the environmental health and food safety standards of hotels. METHODS: Hotel-based surveillance procedures for TD were implemented in sentinel hotels in Negril and Montego Bay in 1996, Ocho Rios in 1997, and Kingston in 1999. A structured program provided training and technical assistance to nurses, food and beverage staff, and environmental sanitation personnel in the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point principles for monitoring food safety standards. The impact of interventions on TD was assessed in a survey of tourists departing from the international airport in Montego Bay in 1997-1998 and from the international airport in Kingston in 1999-2000. The impact of the training and technical assistance program on food safety standards and practices was assessed in hotels in Ocho Rios as of 1998 and in Kingston from 1999. RESULTS: At the end of May 2002, TD incidence rates were 72% lower than in 1996, when the Ministry of Health initiated its program for the prevention and control of TD. Both hotel surveillance data and airport surveillance data suggest that the vast majority of travelers to Kingston and southern regions are not afflicted with TD during their stay. The training and technical assistance program improved compliance to food safety standards over time. CONCLUSION: Interventions to prevent and control TD in visitors to Jamaica are positively associated with a reduction in TD in the visitor population and improvements in food safety standards and practices in hotels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between objective assessment of technical skills and subjective in-training evaluations in surgical residents.

BACKGROUND: Technical skills of residents have traditionally been evaluated using subjective In-Training Evaluation Reports (ITERs). We have developed the McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills (MISTELS), an objective measure of laparoscopic technical ability. The purpose of the study was to assess the concurrent validity of the MISTELS by exploring the relationship between MISTELS score and ITER assessment. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty surgery residents were assessed on the MISTELS system. Concurrent ITER assessments of technical skill were collected, and the proportion of superior ratings for the year was calculated. Statistical comparisons were performed by ANOVA and chi-square analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare the scores in the MISTELS with the ITER ratings. RESULTS: The 50 residents received 277 ITERs for the year, of which 103 (37%) were "superior," 170 (61%) "satisfactory," 4 (1%) "borderline," and 0 "unsatisfactory." The MISTELS score correlated moderately well with the proportion of superior ITER scores (r = 0.51, p < 0.01). Residents who passed the MISTELS had a higher proportion of superior ITER assessments than those who failed the MISTELS (p = 0.02), but residents who performed below their expected level on the MISTELS still received mainly satisfactory ITERs (82 +/- 18%). CONCLUSIONS: The ITER assessment is poor at identifying residents with below-average technical skills. Residents who perform well in the MISTELS laparoscopic simulator also have better ITER evaluations, providing evidence for the concurrent validity of the MISTELS. Multiple assessment instruments are recommended for assessment of technical competency.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endovascular treatment of carotid disease. The state of the art, technical aspects and occupational training].

AIMS: The aim of this study was to carry out a review of the state of the art in the endovascular treatment of carotid disease, taking into account the findings currently available, its indications, the technical aspects linked to the intervention as well as those related to the occupational training of the specialists involved in performing the technique. DEVELOPMENT: Surgical treatment of carotid artery disease can be of benefit to symptomatic patients with stenoses above 70% and to subgroups of patients with symptomatic stenoses between 50-69%. The benefit of carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients is the object of a great deal of controversy that is concerned with the reduction in risk that is obtained and also the large number of patients to be treated in order to prevent the occurrence of ischaemic events. The endovascular treatment of carotid disease comes to the fore, then, as an alternative to surgical treatment. At the present time, a number of randomised multicentre studies are being conducted that will allow the two techniques to be compared in homogeneous groups of patients. Preliminary data nevertheless seem to suggest that this technique offers a number of benefits, especially in groups of subjects with a high surgical risk, and thus they could allow the indications for revascularisation to be extended. We analyse the technical and medical aspects linked to this procedure, the findings from studies carried out to date, its indications and the occupational training of the specialists involved in performing the technique. CONCLUSIONS: The endovascular treatment of carotid disease constitutes an alternative to surgical treatment in specifically selected patients. The potential increase in its indications is conditioned by the results from the multicentre studies currently being carried out.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What have we learned? Capacity building for health responses in disasters.

This is a synthesis of the presentations and discussions pertaining to Capacity Building for Health Responses in Disasters of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO), in Phuket, Thailand, 04-06 May 2005. The topics discussed included: (1) Specific goals; (2) Main focal areas, including available training programs, country-specific training programs, targeted technical assistance for training programs, certified training programs, and ensuring that funding is available for training; (3) What has been achieved in building capacity; (4) Challenges; (5) Where capacity building is needed; and (6) Conclusions and recommendations.

Disasters↗
PubMed2007

Acción Mutua (Shared Action): a multipronged approach to delivering capacity-building assistance to agencies serving Latino communities in the United States.

Culturally appropriate, theory-based capacity-building assistance can serve a vital role in helping HIV prevention providers remain up-to-date, effective, and responsive to those they serve. Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), AIDS Project Los Angeles, in collaboration with San Francisco State University's César E. Chávez Institute, conducted full-day site visits and qualitative interviews in 2005 with mid-level management staff of CDC-funded community-based organizations delivering HIV prevention services to Latino communities in the western region of the United States. We found that agencies we visited (1) had not yet adapted the evidence-based interventions they were using at the time of our visit and (2) requested technical assistance and training in the areas of program development, evaluation, group facilitation techniques, consumer recruitment, client retention, intervention adaptation, and materials development. Findings from this needs assessment were used to inform our seven-pronged approach to delivering capacity-building assistance entitled "Acción Mutua" (Shared Action). The approach emphasizes strategic partnerships, stakeholder involvement, organizational self-assessment, culturally appropriate materials development, interactive training, tailored onsite technical assistance, and professional networking opportunities. This article describes our approach in detail, the assessment process we used to develop it, and its implications for capacity-building practice.

California↗