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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Torque and EMG in rotation extension of the torso from pre-rotated and flexed postures.

BACKGROUND: Back injury is a common place in our society. Up to two-thirds of back injuries have been associated with trunk rotation. However, the torque production ability with a rotated spine and electromyographic activity of trunk muscles in such efforts is poorly understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to study torque production capacity of variously rotated and flexed trunk and to measure the EMG of selected trunk muscles in these activities. METHODS: Nineteen normal young subjects (7 males and 12 females) were recruited. Subjects were stabilized on a posture-stabilizing platform and were instructed to assume a flexed and right rotated posture (20 degrees , 40 degrees and 60 degrees of rotation and 20 degrees , 40 degrees and 60 degrees of flexion) in a random order. The subjects were asked to exert their maximal voluntary contraction in the asymmetric plane of rotation-extension for a period of 5s. The surface EMG of the external and internal obliques, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae at the 10th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebral levels was recorded bilaterally along with the torque generated. FINDINGS: Whereas the torque generated was significantly affected by both rotation and extension in both genders (P<0.001), the EMG was independent of rotation but affected by flexion in females only (P<0.01). The torques produced by both genders in each of the nine postures was significantly different from each other (P<0.001). The EMG demonstrated a trend of increase with increasing rotation and flexion. The response surfaces of normalized peak EMG of the right external oblique and internal oblique was somewhat similar, indicating a rotator torque and a stabilizing effect. The left latissimus dorsi and right external oblique provided the rotational torque and the right erector spinae provided the extensor effort. Since the rotation-extension was performed in the plane of asymmetry, the effort required the recruitment of muscles involved in left rotation, stability of rotated spine and an extensor effort. INTERPRETATION: The torque production capacity of the human trunk is posture dependent and declines with increasing rotation. However, with increasing rotation and flexion, the magnitude of EMG increases. This implies that with increasing asymmetry, it requires more muscle effort (thus tissue stress) to generate less torque. Increasing asymmetry tends to weaken the system and may enhance chances of injury.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2005

The fast is positive, now what? Derivation of a clinical decision rule to determine the need for therapeutic laparotomy in adults with blunt torso trauma and a positive trauma ultrasound.

INTRODUCTION: The object of this study was to derive a clinical decision rule for therapeutic laparotomy among adult blunt trauma patients with a positive abdominal ultrasound for trauma (FAST) examination. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the trauma registry and medical records of all critical trauma patients who underwent a FAST examination in the emergency department (ED) in a university Level I trauma center over a 3-year period. Blunt trauma patients aged >16 years who had a positive FAST examination (defined as the presence of intraperitoneal fluid) were eligible. We selected seven clinical and ultrasound variables available during ED resuscitation for analysis: age, presence of an episode of hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 torr in the ED), presence of abdominal tenderness, chest injury, pelvic fracture, femur fracture, and FAST fluid location (right upper quadrant [RUQ] only; RUQ plus other location; other location only). The primary outcome variable was whether a laparotomy was performed and whether this laparotomy was needed to provide the definitive surgical intervention ("therapeutic laparotomy"). We analyzed the variables using binary recursive partitioning analysis to create a decision rule. RESULTS: There were 2336 FAST examinations performed during the study period, resulting in 230 (9.8%) positive examinations in patients meeting inclusion criteria. There were 135 patients who had therapeutic laparotomies and 95 who did not need laparotomy. The groups were similar in baseline characteristics. In the recursive partitioning analysis, the first node in the decision tree was the presence of fluid in the RUQ. Of the 144 patients with RUQ fluid, 105 (73%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 64%-80%) required therapeutic laparotomy. Of the 86 patients without RUQ fluid, 30 (35%, 95% CI 25%-46%) nevertheless required therapeutic laparotomies, and the variables blood pressure, femur fracture, abdominal tenderness, and age further divided these patient into high- and low-risk groups. Of the 12 patients without RUQ fluid who had normal blood pressures, no femur fractures, no abdominal tenderness, and were aged 60 years and younger, none (95% CI 0%-22%) required therapeutic laparotomy. In conclusion, given a positive FAST examination, the presence of fluid in the RUQ is an important predictor of the need for therapeutic laparotomy. CONCLUSION: In the absence of fluid in the RUQ, there are other clinical variables that may allow for the development of a clinical decision rule regarding the need for therapeutic laparotomy.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Release of anti-inflammatory mediators after major torso trauma correlates with the development of postinjury multiple organ failure.

BACKGROUND: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFr) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) have been identified as endogenous inhibitors of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. While TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels are not systematically elevated in postinjury patients who developed multiorgan failure (MOF), their involvement at the tissue level has been suggested. Our study hypothesis was that levels of sTNFr-I and IL-1ra would discriminate patients at risk for postinjury MOF. METHODS: Serial plasma levels of sTNFr and IL-1ra were measured in 29 trauma patients at high risk for postinjury MOF. RESULTS: sTNFr-I levels were higher in MOF compared with non-MOF patients at 12, 84, and 132 hours postinjury. MOF patients also had higher IL-1ra values 36, 60, 84, and 132 hours postinjury. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-inflammatory mechanisms are activated after trauma. Since increased levels of sTNFr and IL-1ra correlate with postinjury MOF, they may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis as well as prediction of outcome. High levels of antagonists to TNF-alpha and IL-1beta suggest tissue level involvement of these cytokines in postinjury hyperinflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A neural network model for simulation of torso muscle coordination.

An artificial neural network (ANN) was created to simulate lumbar muscle response to static moment loads. The network model was based on an abstract representation of a motor control system in which muscle activity is driven primarily to maintain moment equilibrium. The network model parameters were obtained by an iterative method (trained), using a modification of the standard backpropagation algorithm and moment equilibrium constraints. In contrast to previous ANN models of muscle activity, patterns of muscle activity are not target (training) values, but rather emerge as a result of moment equilibrium constraints. Assumptions regarding the moment generating capacity muscles and competitive interactions between muscles were employed and enabled the prediction of realistic patterns of muscle activity upon comparison with experimental electromyographic (EMG) data sets (r2: 0.4-0.9). The success of the simulation model suggests that a motor recruitment plan can be mimicked with relatively simple systems and that 'competition' between responsive units (muscles) may be intrinsic to the learning process. Prediction of alternative recruitment patterns and differing magnitudes of co-contractile activity were achieved by varying competition parameters within and between units.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Blunt torso trauma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Design of biplanar gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging of the human torso and limbs.

A method is described for design of gradient coils of unconventional geometry for MRI that is based on the superpositions of magnetic fields arising from individual current elements calculated by the Biot-Savart Law. Use of an optimization method based on a genetic algorithm enables a wide diversity in the shapes of coil that can be modeled. To exemplify this a two axis, biplanar gradient set is presented; this geometry offers good access for rectangular objects whilst holding the coils closer to the region of interest than is possible for cylindrical configurations. The inner dimensions of the gradient set were 40.0 x 24.4 x 40.0 cm and the gradient efficiencies were 0.3 and 0.4 mT m(-1) A(-1) in the z- and y- directions respectively over a 15 cm diameter region. Correction of signals arising from regions for which gradient linearity was not optimized was successful for the monotonic region within the set; the largest cuboid from which the MR signal could be processed to produce an undistorted image is of dimensions 36.3 x 17.2 x 24.4 cm.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Upper torso cyanosis: a marker for blunt cardiac rupture.

Cardiac rupture is a frequent cause of death following blunt trauma. Most of these patients die at the scene with only a few surviving to make it to the hospital. With improvements in prehospital care and rapid regional transport, more of these patients may arrive at the hospital with signs of life. Classically, these patients arrive with the constellation of symptoms that characterize cardiac tamponade (hypotension, distended neck veins, and distant heart sounds). The differential appearance of upper body cyanosis frequently accompanies these injuries. Prompt recognition and expeditious surgical treatment may increase the number of survivors of this catastrophic injury. Presented here is an illustrative case report and review of the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Estimation of lung volume change from torso hemicircumferences.

A technique for estimating lung volume change is described. Voltages proportional to rib cage and abdominal hemicircumferences are produced by Whitney-gage transducers in a standard bridge circuit. The weighted sum of these voltages can be adjusted to produce a good estimate of lung volume change. The instrumentation does not obstruct articulatory movements, load the chest wall, or require restraint of the subject. In addition, it is easy and inexpensive to construct.

Adult↗