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In this paper authors deal with the causes of preparation trauma in stomatology. They have studied effects of high temperature on human cells cultured in vitro. Based both on literature data and on their own experience they summarize basic principles of preparation which prevent preparation trauma. They summarize how to eliminate as much as possible factors that damage hard dental tissues and pulp.
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Three cases of dilacerated incisors and congenitally displaced incisors are reported. Dilaceration of central incisors occurs following trauma to the deciduous dentition. Generally these teeth are so severely malformed that they have to be extracted. Congenital displacement of the central incisors is an idiopathic condition with a generally favourable prognosis for orthodontic alignment.
An endodontic perforation interferes with the principal goal of sealing the root canal system. An in vitro study was conducted on comparative efficacy of three materials-Dispersalloy, Cavit and Prisma VLC Dycal when placed in lateral root perforations in cervical third areas. Root canals were prepared and irrigated thoroughly. Perforations were made with No. 2 round bur and sealed with Dispersalloy, Cavit and Prisma VLC Dycal. Dispersalloy Group I showed best sealing ability. Prisma VLC Dycal Group I too was comparable to Dispersalloy Group I in its sealing ability, followed by Cavit Group II, Prisma VLC Dycal Group II, Dispersalloy Group II in that order. Cavit Group I was least effective in sealing perforations.
This article presents two cases in which different treatments were used for mandibular molars with furcation lesions. In the first case, a conventional amputation treatment of the distal root was performed to save the mesial root as a terminal tooth, which was used as a partial denture abutment. The second case describes a relatively new technique in which a root perforation was filled with graft material (synthetic bioglass) and covered with a resorbable membrane to treat an iatrogenic furcation lesion adjacent to the mesial root. Twelve months after surgery, periapical radiographs of both treated cases showed increased bone density. Follow-up in both cases--30 months in the first case and 12 months in the second--showed no pathological recurrence or clinical dysfunction. Root amputation may provide an alternative to extraction in periodontally involved molars. Synthetic bone replacement materials combined with guided tissue regeneration may also help to correct osseous defects incurred by recent furcation perforations with associated bone loss.
The important steps in the management of a furcal perforation are immediate action, adequate isolation, debridement, and sealing of the defect. Studies have shown that repair materials or underlying matrix material such as amalgam, Cavit, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomers, hydroxylapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and demineralized freeze-dried bone have not been able to produce consistent results. However, current research on new materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate may advance treatment modalities significantly for furcation repair.
The repair of a root perforation can be accomplished using different materials and techniques. When the defect is surgically inaccessible, the tooth can be carefully extracted, repaired extraorally, and placed back into the socket. This procedure, known as intentional replantation, is often a measure of last resort in an heroic effort to save a hopeless tooth. This case report describes the treatment of a tooth with an iatrogenic root perforation and the subsequent healing of the surrounding periodontium using an intentional replantation technique and resin-ionomer to repair the root defect.
A midroot strip perforation can be a difficult problem to treat. Surgical treatment is arduous and has a poor prognosis. Variable success has been seen with the classic repair materials for nonsurgical treatment. Mineral trioxide aggregate seems to have incredible promise for sealing these defects with a good long-term prognosis.
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An overview of the various possibilities for trauma to the primary and young permanent dentition has been presented. Appropriate treatment procedures have been described. Advances in dental science have been great, and dental materials have become superior to what they were just a few years ago. The dentist must never forget the variabilities of human responses to any of the treatment techniques, however, and the dentist must never be dogmatic in approach. The dentist should be able to diagnose, interpret, and alter any of the treatment techniques as more scientific evidence is obtained.
Two cases of man-eating lions feeding on large numbers of humans (1898, 1991) are discussed. The forensic dental evidence from the lions' remains and eyewitness reports indicate all three lions had serious dental/oral pathology, which may have contributed to their selection of human food over more challenging natural animal prey.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the principal reason for primary tooth extraction and the tooth type most frequently extracted in children aged 3-13 years. METHODS: The patients selected for this retrospective study were identified by analyzing dental records of children receiving treatment at Franciscan Children's Hospital & Rehabilitation Center, Boston, MA (FCH & RC). In total, 2,000 records were reviewed, and 567 extracted primary teeth were analyzed from 277 patients who had at least one primary tooth extracted under local anesthesia. The criteria for inclusion in this study included children between the ages of 3 and 13 years. RESULTS: First primary molars were the most common tooth type extracted and comprised 30% of teeth removed. Central incisors were the next common tooth type extracted and accounted for 25% of the extractions. There was no difference, by gender, in the extraction of tooth type but there were striking differences according to age. Almost half of the primary teeth extracted in subjects 3 to 5 years were incisors, and in patients 6 to 9 years the first primary molar was the most common tooth type extracted. Molars were the tooth type most frequently extracted from those patients aged 10 to 13 years. There were significant differences in the reasons for extraction of various tooth types, and, while extractions due to caries predominated overall, this was not the case for all tooth types. CONCLUSIONS: This study has concluded that despite the dramatic improvements in pediatric oral health over the last decades, caries and the resulting pulpal pathology remains the most common reason for extraction of primary teeth.
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In this study, stress of traumatized incisor and the effect of stress on tooth and alveolar bone was studied with two-dimensional photoelasticity. Two homogeneous two-dimensional maxillary central incisor models were prepared. Loads were applied to the labial side of incisal edge and middle third of the crown at angles of 45 degrees and 90 degrees. It was observed that stress was increased on teeth and alveolar bone when load was applied 90 degrees on labial side of incisal edge.
This article describes the possibilities and difficulties of reconstruction in the front regio by means of implants and bone transplants in five patients. First of all, planning is the most important step. Sometimes the class III relationship is a real challenge. Different bone transplants, the inlay and onlay technique, the number of the implants, the importance of the way the implants are uncovered in the second stage are discussed. In the front region, we aim for functional and esthetic reconstruction.
The pulpo-dentine complex is normally protected from exogenous substances in the oral cavity by the overlying enamel or cementum. Dental caries, dental trauma, enamel/dentine cracks, and restorative procedures commonly breach the integrity of enamel or cementum and may allow infection of the pulpo-dentine complex to occur, possibly leading to pulp and periapical inflammatory disease. Infection of the intraradicular space is a complex and dynamic process involving interactions between host and microbial factors. An understanding of these factors has led to the development of endodontic techniques that offer predictable success.
Tooth wear occurs during normal mastication. Pathologic wear, including abrasion and erosion, may also take place. Formation of reactionary and reparative dentin and obturation of dentinal tubules are biologic responses that compensate for the loss of tissue. Physical trauma to teeth will affect the blood supply to the pulp. Extensive physical trauma may result in the formation of mineralized, often bonelike tissue in the pulp chamber. Minor trauma, such as that associated with orthodontic tooth movement, may exert transient effects on the pulp or it may result in permanent structural changes. No experimental data involving restorative work on traumatized teeth have been published, but available evidence suggests that special care may be necessary in the restoration of such teeth because their reaction patterns may differ from those in nontraumatized teeth.