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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Modeling a terminology-based electronic nursing record system: an object-oriented approach.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present our perspectives on healthcare information analysis at a conceptual level and the lessons learned from our experience with the development of a terminology-based enterprise electronic nursing record system - which was one of components in an EMR system at a tertiary teaching hospital in Korea - using an object-oriented system analysis and design concept. METHODS: To ensure a systematic approach and effective collaboration, the department of nursing constituted a system modeling team comprising a project manager, systems analysts, user representatives, an object-oriented methodology expert, and healthcare informaticists (including the authors). A rational unified process (RUP) and the Unified Modeling Language were used as a development process and for modeling notation, respectively. RESULTS: From the scenario and RUP approach, user requirements were formulated into use case sets and the sequence of activities in the scenario was depicted in an activity diagram. The structure of the system was presented in a class diagram. CONCLUSION: This approach allowed us to identify clearly the structural and behavioral states and important factors of a terminology-based ENR system (e.g., business concerns and system design concerns) according to the viewpoints of both domain and technical experts.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2006

Terminology used to describe volume expanding resuscitation fluid.

Many published reports state that the type of resuscitation fluid to be used for volume expansion should be "isotonic crystalloid" or "isotonic fluid". Generally, this terminology refers to normal saline (NS) and lactated Ringer's (LR) solution. This terminology is suboptimal technically since not all "isotonic" crystalloids are sufficient volume expanders. A total of 48 reference books from the areas of general pediatrics, pediatric emergency medicine, emergency medicine, pediatric critical care, pediatric surgery, general surgery, internal medicine, family medicine, adult critical care, obstetrics and gynecology, endocrinology, and life support course manuals were reviewed. The description of fluids for hypovolemic shock, trauma, and diabetic ketoacidosis resuscitation was accurate in 46% of the time.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis↗
PubMed2004

[Terminology analysis of the concept of nosocomial infection and proposition of a new definition].

PURPOSE: Nosocomial infection has known many definitions for many years. We looked at their terminological validation and proposed a definition that takes more into account the defaults that we put in light. METHODS: Our method is a terminological one based on analyze of concepts character. RESULTS: Definition of nosocomial infection are insufficient and don't take into account characters of concepts of "infection" and "nosocomial" and also the possible contaminated persons. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a new definition of nosocomial infection and hope that we create a debate around it.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1993

Current procedural terminology coding of nuclear medicine procedures.

The future of nuclear medicine is dependent on payment for new procedures. Today, the basis of payment by the federal government is a relative value unit (RVU) system; the RVUS employed in this system are for medical services and procedures listed and described in Physicians' Current Procedural Terminology, fourth edition. Current procedural terminology (CPT) is maintained by the AMA; annual revisions include adding new codes or revised or deleted old codes. This process involves all national medical specialty societies. Starting in 1992 a new process, the Relative Updating Committee, which was initiated by the AMA, organized medicine to formalize a method for recommending relative values for physician procedures and services. In this rapidly changing scenario, all nuclear medicine procedure codes are under review by the coding and nomenclature committees of the medical societies interested in imaging. Significant CPT changes and additions were made in the cardiovascular nuclear medicine codes in 1992, reflecting the current imaging protocols and pharmacological agents for performing cardiac stress testing and new codes that recognize combinations of ventricular function measurements in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium-99m agents.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed2006

The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children's Continence Society.

PURPOSE: We updated the terminology in the field of pediatric lower urinary tract function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Discussions were held of the board of the International Children's Continence Society and an extensive reviewing process was done involving all members of the International Children's Continence Society as well as other experts in the field. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: New definitions and a standardized terminology are provided, taking into account changes in the adult sphere and new research results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Classification and terminology of hepatic allograft rejection: whither bound?

The current classification of hepatic allograft rejection recognizes "acute rejection" and "chronic rejection." Although these terms convey duration, implicitly they have been defined on the basis of their morphologic manifestations. This usage causes contradictions in reports and publications because features of "chronic rejection" may occur acutely and vice versa. In the future, biopsy reports, clinical communications, and, in particular, evaluation of treatment might benefit from use of a classification and terminology that more clearly distinguish clinical and morphologic findings and that reserve "acute" and "chronic" for describing the duration of episodes of rejection and terms such as "cellular rejection" or "arteriopathic rejection" for biopsy reporting. Severity should be graded independently for clinical, laboratory, and morphologic findings, inasmuch as an overall grading is not always meaningful--for example, severe cellular rejection may be mild in terms of prognosis, whereas histologically mild rejection may prove incurable. For an overall evaluation of graft rejection, adjectives such as "mild" or "severe" should be replaced or at least supplemented by terms that describe results of treatment and thus prognosis, and a designation should be added for duration and histology--for instance, "acute rejection, cellular, corticosteroid-responsive." Use of such a well-defined clinicopathologic classification of rejection and precise terminology might improve documentation and communication; it might even become a prerequisite for the evaluation of treatment trials.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2003

The Bethesda System 2001: an update of new terminology for gynecologic cytology.

From the inception of TBS in 1988, it has been well received by the pathology and clinical communities. The need for a unifying system of nomenclature was so great that most of the laboratories in the United States, as well as in numerous countries worldwide, quickly adopted TBS. By 1991, only 2 years after the initial publication of the initial TBS, 57% of United States laboratories were using the system. By 1994, almost 90% of laboratories were using TBS [28]. Although explanations for such a quick acceptance of TBS are many, one of the leading reasons is, most certainly, the sound and thoughtful basis for all of the elements of TBS. These include: (1) nomenclature that provides uniform diagnostic terminology to facilitate unambiguous communication between the laboratory and the clinician; (2) diagnostic categories that incorporate the latest scientific information on the pathogenesis and prognosis of cervical lesions; and (3) incorporation of the evaluation of specimen adequacy as an integral part of the report. From the beginning, TBS was more than just a diagnostic lexicon. When Drs. Kurman and Solomon decided that something had to be done about the diagnostic mess in GYN cytology, they did not develop another system. Instead, they convened an international consensus conference to look at the problem and come up with a comprehensive, relevant solution. The input from the entire community, which lent strength to the initial TBS, has continued to the present. This is highlighted by the enormous amount of input that was received by the 2001 TBS forum groups that enabled them to fine tune the existing terminology to meet the needs of today's clinicians. The result, continues to be an evolving, comprehensive, and clinically relevant entity, that should meet the needs of pathologists and clinicians for the foreseeable future.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed2003

Risk terminology--a platform for common understanding and better communication.

The sciences analyzing and describing risks are relatively new and developing, and the associated terminologies are developing as well. This has led to ambiguity in the use of terms, both between different risk sciences and between the different parties involved in risk debates. Only recently, major vocabularies have been compiled by authoritative agencies. Some of these vocabularies are examined and explained based on a division into fundamental and action oriented risk terms. Fundamental terms are associated with description and characterization of the chemical, biological and physical processes leading from risk source(s) to possible consequences/effects. The approach to these terms is based on a cause-effect skeleton. The action oriented terms cover administrative, scientific, sociological, etc. processes associated with the work of identifying, characterizing, regulating and communicating risks in the society, and their internal connection and iterative character have been illustrated. Focus is laid on engineering and toxicological risks, but to some extent, the thoughts presented may be extrapolated to other areas. Differences in applied terminology probably cannot be eliminated, but they can be identified and clarified for better understanding. With the present paper, the authors hope to contribute to reducing the probability of derailing risk discussions from the risk issue itself.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

On the terminology and dimensions of incidence.

This paper is a review of the concept of incidence and the measures of incidence commonly used. The three components of incidence (observed event, population at risk, and observation period) and the four measures of incidence (incidence as number of events, as number of events per time unit, as number of events per unit of amounts of observation, and as probability) are discussed. The terminology and dimensions of incidence measures used in epidemiology literature are reviewed. Ambiguities and uses of the same term for different purposes seem to suggest the need for standardized terminology. Incidence measures with length-based amount of observation are also briefly discussed.

Incidence↗
PubMed1997

The GRAIL concept modelling language for medical terminology.

The GALEN representation and integration language (GRAIL) has been developed to support effective clinical user interfaces and extensible re-usable models of medical terminology. It has been used successfully to develop the prototype GALEN common reference (CORE) model for medical terminology and for a series of projects in clinical user interfaces within the GALEN and PEN&PAD projects. GRAIL is a description logic or frame language with novel features to support part-whole and other transitive relations and to support the GALEN modelling style aimed at re-use and application independence. GRAIL began as an experimental language. However, it has clarified many requirements for an effective knowledge representation language for clinical concepts. It still has numerous limitations despite its practical successes. The GRAIL experience is expected to form the basis for future languages which meet the same requirements but have greater expressiveness and more soundly based semantics. This paper provides a description and motivation for the GRAIL language and gives examples of the modelling paradigm which it supports.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2003

Is terminology used effectively to convey diagnostic certainty in radiology reports?

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess the extent of agreement among radiologists and nonradiologists in perception of diagnostic certainty conveyed by words and phrases commonly used in radiology reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed in a large academic radiology department. To determine the commonly used terminology for conveying diagnostic certainty in radiology reports, 12 randomly selected radiologists from six different subspecialties were interviewed. The authors identified the 15 most commonly used words and phrases and included these in random order in a questionnaire sent to all staff radiologists (n = 45) and to 158 referring physicians. Physicians were asked to rank the 15 phrases in order of the diagnostic certainty conveyed by each, from 1 (most certain) to 15 (least certain), using each number only once. The kappa statistic was used to assess agreement in rank order among physicians. RESULTS: The questionnaire response rate was 76% (n = 34) for radiologists and 49% (n = 78) for nonradiologists. There was excellent agreement among radiologists (kappa = 0.95) and nonradiologists (kappa = 0.93) in the rank order for the phrase diagnostic of. Although there was good agreement (kappa = 0.45) among radiologists for the word unlikely, agreement among nonradiologists was poor (kappa = 0.27). There was very poor agreement among all physicians for the rank order of the other 13 phrases. CONCLUSION: Among radiologists and nonradiologists, concordance was poor regarding the diagnostic certainty associated with phrases commonly used in radiology reports. Because poor agreement could lead to suboptimal quality of care, the standardization of terminology would benefit all parties.

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures↗
PubMed2000

GALEN: a third generation terminology tool to support a multipurpose national coding system for surgical procedures.

Generalised architecture for languages, encyclopedia and nomenclatures in medicine (GALEN) has developed a new generation of terminology tools based on a language independent model describing the semantics and allowing computer processing and multiple reuses as well as natural language understanding systems applications to facilitate the sharing and maintaining of consistent medical knowledge. During the European Union 4 Th. framework program project GALEN-IN-USE and later on within two contracts with the national health authorities we applied the modelling and the tools to the development of a new multipurpose coding system for surgical procedures named CCAM in a minority language country, France. On one hand, we contributed to a language independent knowledge repository and multilingual semantic dictionaries for multicultural Europe. On the other hand, we support the traditional process for creating a new coding system in medicine which is very much labour consuming by artificial intelligence tools using a medically oriented recursive ontology and natural language processing. We used an integrated software named CLAW (for classification workbench) to process French professional medical language rubrics produced by the national colleges of surgeons domain experts into intermediate dissections and to the Grail reference ontology model representation. From this language independent concept model representation, on one hand, we generate with the LNAT natural language generator controlled French natural language to support the finalization of the linguistic labels (first generation) in relation with the meanings of the conceptual system structure. On the other hand, the Claw classification manager proves to be very powerful to retrieve the initial domain experts rubrics list with different categories of concepts (second generation) within a semantic structured representation (third generation) bridge to the electronic patient record detailed terminology.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2002

Terminology-driven literature mining and knowledge acquisition in biomedicine.

In this paper we describe Tagged Information Management System (TIMS), an integrated knowledge management system for the domain of molecular biology and biomedicine, in which terminology-driven literature mining, knowledge acquisition (KA), knowledge integration (KI), and XML-based knowledge retrieval are combined using tag information management and ontology inference. The system integrates automatic terminology acquisition, term variation management, hierarchical term clustering, tag-based information extraction (IE), and ontology-based query expansion. TIMS supports introducing and combining different types of tags (linguistic and domain-specific, manual and automatic). Tag-based interval operations and a query language are introduced in order to facilitate KA and retrieval from XML documents. Through KA examples, we illustrate the way in which literature mining techniques can be utilised for knowledge discovery from documents.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2003

Quality of life terminology included in package inserts for US approved medications.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and review prescription drugs approved in the US containing quality of life (QoL) terminology within the package inserts (PIs). METHODS: The electronic Physician Desk Reference (PDR) was searched for the terminology 'Quality of Life' or 'QoL' as of December 2000. Summary basis of approvals (SBAs) served as the primary data sources were retrieved. The two categories evaluated within the SBAs were QoL components (year submitted, trials, efficacy, statistics, type of submission) and QoL instruments utilized within clinical studies. RESULTS: Eighteen medications comprising 20 indications with QoL claims were documented in the PIs. The first approved QoL claim was submitted in 1989 and the most recent was in 1998. Eight (40%) of the drug indications had QoL measures included in two trials. One quarter of the PI listings used QoL measures as primary efficacy endpoints. Many sponsors provided detailed information on the types or categories of QoL data collected. CONCLUSION: Many drug development programs incorporate QoL measures into clinical studies however only a few are accepted into the PI. Despite this study finding, the increased interest in assessing the value and full impact of new therapies has led to greater inclusion of all types of patient assessments in clinical trials.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Homeopathic terminology: a consensus quest.

The aim of this project is to develop a common homeopathic terminology to improve communication. A questionnaire was sent by email to an international group of experts. As a result of an iterative process we propose that a number of terms which are inaccurate, unclear or have become outdated should be replaced by new terms. The main areas in which terminology should be updated are: concepts relating to: homeopathic pharmacology, research, homeopathic medicine, the principle of similarity, homeostasis and disease imitation, miasms, experimental homeopathy, provings and pathogenic trials.

Homeopathy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Standardizing terminology in pediatric oncology--the basic data set].

BACKGROUND: In the context of more than 20 therapy optimizing clinical trials in pediatric oncology an extensive documentation with a big number of case report forms was developed in the last 20 to 25 years. Across these trials same information is partially captured in different terminological ways, by which documentation about patients in the clinics is made more difficult. METHOD: Terminology of therapy optimizing clinical trials of German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) is standardized by a central "standards committee". RESULT: As a first result the basic data set of GPOH could be revised and made available in internet via http://www.dospo.uni-hd.de. CONCLUSION: A basis of a unique documentation language in pediatric oncology is available for German speaking regions.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Structured terminology for capsule endoscopy: results of retrospective testing and validation in 766 small-bowel investigations.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is an effective means of investigating the small bowel in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Computerized reports are frequently used in endoscopy, and the Minimal Standard Terminology (MST) has been promoted by endoscopy societies as the official vocabulary for endoscopy. The aims of this study were to design a lexicon for CE reports based on the principles of the MST and to validate lists of terms for describing findings and reasons for performing a CE by cross-matching them with the results of CE procedures collected during ongoing clinical studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consensus-based Capsule Endoscopy Structured Terminology (CEST) was developed by experts involved in CE studies. Lists of terms suitable for CE were designed for the various sections of an endoscopic report. They were then correlated with the corresponding MST lists for duodenal and intestinal endoscopy. The results of 766 CE procedures, collected in an electronic case record form (eCRF), were analyzed to provide lists of reasons for performing the procedures and of the findings. The eCRF provided only a limited number of items for each data field, along with free-text facilities. Only descriptions pertaining to the small bowel were analyzed. Lists of terms were then reviewed by two experts to group obvious synonyms. The accuracy of the CEST was defined beforehand as the capability to describe 90 % of entries. RESULTS: A total of 766 CE procedures were analyzed. The eCRF included 824 entries as reasons for the examination in 655 CEs (1.3 per procedure). These represented 122 different expressions. After grouping of synonyms, 28 expressions remained. Among them, 10 were matched with terms from the list of reasons for performing CE offered in the CEST. These were the most frequently used, accounting for 768 entries in this field (93.2 %). All eCRFs contained at least one description of findings. A total of 109 CE procedures were classified as normal (14.3 %). A total of 2624 entries for abnormal findings were recorded for 657 procedures (4.0 per procedure). In all, 213 different expressions were used to describe abnormal findings. After grouping of synonyms, 52 expressions remained. Among these, 27 were matched with terms from the list of findings in the CEST, covering 2403 entries (91.6 %). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, CEST terms were capable of describing more than 90 % of the reasons for performance and of the findings in an unselected set of CE procedures. CEST is therefore suitable for use as the standard lexicon for CE reports. Adopted as a standard, it could significantly improve the quality of the data collected and reported in CE studies.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed1997

[Anatomic terminology and nomenclature for paranasal sinus surgery].

A consensus on the preferred modern usage of potentially confusing or ambiguous terms in sinus anatomy and nomenclature is described. These terms are intended to provide clear communication among otorhinolaryngologists worldwide and serve as a basis for discussion among anatomists. Terminology is based on Latin nomenclature. An attempt has been made to reconcile or eliminate duplication, redundancy, and overlap in terminology that have arisen over the past century. A key concept is that the ethmoid complex is divided into anterior and posterior sections by the basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

Ethmoid Sinus↗