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PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-electrophysiological correlations in the evaluation of sciatica].

The electromyographic investigations of the mental and temporal muscles have been completed in 50 patients treated because of sciatic pain. The activity of these muscles is inseparably associated with the emotional response to pain. Than the parameters of the above mentioned investigations have been compared with the subjective evaluation of pain intensity and with the neurological examination results. In patients with sciatic pain, the bioelectric activity of the mental and temporal muscles growing clearly with the increase of pain, have bean kept as rest. This activity has been more intensive on the ill side of the muscles; also, it has been more distinct in patients with loss symptoms and with some changes in the radiological examination of the spine. The increase of the bioelectric activity of the mental muscles has correlated positively to the degree of pain intensity (measured by Domzał standards) and the number of radicular symptoms. The EMG investigation of the mental muscles has proved to be more useful for the assessment of sciatic pain than the same investigation of the temporal muscles.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1994

Masseter and temporalis surface electromyography in patients wearing complete dentures comparing anterior and posterior occlusal concepts--a pilot study.

The activity of jaw elevator muscles (masseter and anterior temporal muscle) was studied by surface electromyography in 17 patients wearing complete dentures with anterior-canine guidance. Baseline electromyography was recorded with the dentures and compared to recordings obtained with two different splints adapted to the upper denture, one providing anterior guidance leading to immediate disclusion of the posterior teeth during any jaw movement, the other providing posterior guidance buccally on the working side and lingually on the non-working side (bilaterally balanced occlusion). Recordings were obtained during a sequence of different jaw movements: postural position, maximal tooth contact in intercuspal position, protrusive movement of the mandible (under tooth contact) and during lateral excursions, also carried out under tooth contact. Muscle activity was not significantly different as recorded with dentures only versus with the splints providing anterior guidance. However, a significant increase in activity was observed with bilaterally balanced occlusion. The results of this study in edentulous people are similar to those found in patients with natural teeth.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Electromyographic investigation of chin cup therapy in Class III malocclusion.

Electromyographic activity was evaluated in 20 patients (10 girls and 10 boys, mean age 10 years) with Class III malocclusion who were treated with a chin cup appliance. The posttreatment data were obtained at the end of phase 1 chin cup treatment when the anterior crossbite had been corrected. EMG activity of the masseter and temporal muscles for each subject were studied during unilateral chewing using the following parameters: mean cumulative voltage (MCV), mean maximum peak voltage (MMPV), and rotational direction of the differential lissajous EMG (DL-EMG). The ANB angle improved from -1.0 degree (mean) to 0 degree. The electromyographic study revealed a decrease in masseter muscle activity on both the working (chewing) and balancing sides, with no improvement in the coordination of bilateral masseter and anterior temporal muscles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Skull base operations via pre-auricular temporo-sphenoidal approach and reconstructions of their defects].

OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical approach for cranial base tumors removal. METHODS: Ten cases of cranial base tumors were thoroughly resected via pre-auriculal temporo-sphenoidal approach. Among them, 9 cases with defects of cranial base or nasopharynx were reconstructed with the temporal muscle and fascia in the same operative field. RESULTS: Patients were followed up from 21 months to 7 years. In 2 cases with recurrent cranial base tumors 1 died of recurrence, 1 lived with the tumor. Eight cases achieved good clinical results without severe complications except 1, who got necrosis of temporal muscle. CONCLUSION: The preauricular temporo-sphenoidal approach not only provides an excellent exposure to the compartments of the skull base with a limited injury to the normal tissues, but also offers a convenient way in reconstructing defects with temporal muscle in the same operative field. The incision scar is hidden and the eosmetic affect small. It has been shown that the approach can offer some advantages in surgical treatment of cranial base tumors selectively.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

External carotid artery territory ischemia impairs outcome in the endovascular filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by an intraluminal filament is a widely accepted animal model of focal cerebral ischemia. In this procedure, cutting of the external carotid artery (ECA) is a prerequisite for thread insertion. However, the implications of ECA transsection have not yet been described. METHODS: After 90 minutes of filament MCAO or sham surgery, rats were evaluated for up to 14 days in terms of body weight development, core temperature, and motor performance. Repeated in vivo MRI of the head and neck was performed for quantification of brain edema and infarct volume. The temporal muscles were histologically analyzed postmortem. RESULTS: In 47% of all rats, ischemic tissue damage to the ipsilateral ECA area, including temporal, lingual, and pharyngeal musculature, was detectable by MRI. Histology of temporal muscles confirmed acute ischemic myopathy. Animals with ECA territory ischemia (ECA-I) showed delayed body weight development and poorer recovery of motor function. There was no difference in the extent of brain edema or final cerebral lesion size between ECA-I-affected and unaffected rats. CONCLUSIONS: Filament MCAO was complicated by the consequences of ECA ischemia in approximately half of all rats. Impaired mastication and swallowing functions restricted ingestion and resulted in postsurgical body weight loss and worse motor performance. Impaired cerebral microperfusion resulting from dehydration and reduced spontaneous motor activity resulting from reduced food and water uptake might have contributed to poorer neurological recovery in ECA ischemic rats. Thus, adverse effects caused by extracerebral ischemia with potential impact on outcome have to be considered in this stroke model.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Influence of tooth contacts during mandibular retrusion on terminal jaw relations and EMG activity during habitual opening and closing movements].

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of tooth contacts during mandibular retrusion on terminal jaw relations (TJR) and the surface EMG activity during habitual opening and closing movements. The age of five healthy subjects were 25 to 28 years. The maxillary stabilization splints with steep retrusive contacts (S-SP) and with flat retrusive contacts (F-SP) were prepared for each subject who was instructed to wear S-SP for one week and then to wear F-SP for one week after an interval of two weeks without S-SP. The EMG activity of the masseter and temporal muscles and the TJR during habitual opening and closing movements using a device for recording jaw movements in 6 degrees of freedom were simultaneously measured by an intraoral central bearing device. The results were as follows: 1. The TJR recorded after wearing F-SP shifted more posteriorly than that of wearing S-SP. 2. The posterior temporal muscle activity after wearing F-SP, compared with that of wearing S-SP, resulted in a significant increase. In conclusion, the elimination of the retrusive guidance caused the predominance of posterior temporal muscle activity, and posterior displacement of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Two-dimensional configuration of the myoneural junctions of human masticatory muscle detected with matrix electrode.

Motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) propagate bidirectionally from the myoneural junction along the muscle fibre. The propagation of excitation within single motor units can be detected during sustained isometric contraction using a surface electrode array. Electromyographic (EMG) signals from an adjacent pair of contacts along the muscle fibres show a very similar wave form with a time shift. In the present study, EMG signals of the masseter and the temporal muscles were obtained from two male adults during clenching in the intercuspal position using the multichannel surface electrode with 17 x 11 contacts. The two-dimensional location of the myoneural junction for each column from the source of the propagation was estimated. Each of the myoneural junctions was located in the lower portion of the masseter muscle and in the upper portion of the temporal muscle. However, the junction was distributed within 10 mm along the muscle fibres at different contraction levels in each muscle. This noninvasive technique of multiple surface electrodes enabled us to add to knowledge of the anatomical structure of the masticatory muscles examined.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

[Surgical treatment of recurrent mandibular luxation. A combined technic].

Six patients with recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint underwent surgical operation which consisted of Myrhaug's technique (resection of the zygomaticoarticular eminence). In four of these six cases, Myrhaug's technique was associated with the retroposition of the temporal muscle (Ullik and Zenker's technique). Resection of the zygomaticoarticular eminence and retroposition of the temporal muscle could be carried out easily and briefly. The simultaneous performance of both surgical procedures has been extremely useful to achieve a definite resolution of recurrent dislocations of the temporomandibular joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Computer-based assessment of habitual mastication.

A computer-based system to assess mandibular movements and EMG masseter and temporal muscle activity during habitual mastication was applied to 12 healthy subjects and the chewing performance was tested with a standardized bolus of crisp bread. A Siemens Sirognatograph instrument was used to record mandibular movements while EMG signals were recorded with surface silver-silver electrodes. Software provided data of single chewing cycles in space and versus time, of mean mandibular displacement during opening and closing, mean velocity, and EMG activity. Clockwise and counterclockwise cycles were computed separately. The data obtained allow the following conclusions: Habitual mastication is a rhythmic event with different envelopes of motion that alternate characteristically in each subject. Each chewing cycle accomplishes several tasks but, depending on its envelope, is probably more oriented to a specific performance. A mean chewing cycle can be constructed for each individual. Its pattern depends on the distribution of different envelopes of motion that alternate during the masticatory sequence. During closure, a prevalently isotonic and a prevalently isometric phase of muscle contraction can be distinguished. Mean movement and EMG data for the whole group are not distributed at random, but according to a typical pattern. The system seems to be finalized to a well-balanced function and distribution of loads.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The silent period duration of the masticatory muscles.

This study was conducted to determine whether the reflex activity of the masticatory muscles is altered in prostheses wearers. The electromyographic silent period was measured on an oscilloscope screen. Thirty subjects were examined. Five subjects had natural dentitions. Twenty-five partially edentulous subjects wore removable prostheses. The silent period duration reached 18 to 21 ms on the masseter muscles and 20 to 22 ms on the temporal muscles. These values were not significantly different for subjects with and without teeth and in the control group. The duration of the silent period was the same for patients wearing prostheses and for subjects with natural teeth. This finding suggests that wearing a prosthesis does not change the normal activity of the masticatory muscles.

Denture, Partial↗
PubMed1984

Relationship of electromyographic parameters in jaw dysfunction patients classified according to Helkimo's index.

Forty-two jaw pain-dysfunction syndrome patients (PDS) were divided into three groups depending on the severity of their condition using the Helkimo clinical dysfunction index. For both the left and right masseter and anterior temporal muscles three parameters of their electromyographic activity were measured, the silent period (SP), the root mean square value (RMS) and the mean power frequency (MPF). During the experiments the patients were instructed to clench as hard as possible in the intercuspal position. No statistically significant differences could be found between the values for any of the muscles measured between the different Helkimo clinical dysfunction groups. However, when the affected side was compared with the unaffected side in this patient material, statistically significant longer silent period durations and greater RMS values were found in the masseter muscles of the affected side group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Excitatory response of jaw elevators associated with sudden discomfort during chewing.

Abnormalities associated with the chewing contraction of the masseteric and anterior temporal muscles were evaluated in patients who sensed pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint during mandibular movement. The patients were instructed in the use of an electronic switch to mark any event of discomfort/pain during natural chewing. Individual stimulus to response reaction-times were determined. The electromyographic pattern of the jaw elevators was quantified by root mean square (r.m.s.) peak voltage and contraction time. The statistical analysis of group data showed significantly prolonged contraction times and greater r.m.s. amplitudes for chewing cycles with, compared to cycles without, indication of pain. Also, individual data showed statistically significant differences between painful and non-painful cycles in some cases. It is concluded, that the conscious perception of nociception during the closing phase of chewing is associated with an excitatory response of jaw elevators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neuromuscular patterns in hemifacial microsomia.

This study was designed to establish the extent of neuromuscular abnormalities in different types of hemifacial microsomia and to relate these findings to the existing skeletal malformations. Neuromuscular recruitment patterns were established in twenty-three normal subjects. These patterns served as baselines for comparison with recruitment patterns obtained from forty-eight subjects with hemifacial microsomia. The anterior and posterior temporalis, masseter, suprahyoid, buccinator, platysma, mentalis, and upper and lower lips were studied electromyographically. Consistent presence or absence of recruitment for a given task was considered a significant finding with which the hemifacial microsomia data were compared. The subjects with hemifacial microsomia were divided into five groups according to type of mandibular malformation. Abnormal recruitment was found in all recorded muscles except the lips, mentalis, and buccinator muscles. There were variations in recruitment patterns within each group as well as among the groups. A relationship was found between the development of the gonial angle area and the recorded masseter activity. Muscle activity was recorded in the area of the temporal muscle, even in the absence of a coronoid process. It was found that after insertion into a new coronoid process the temporal muscle developed mass and palpable contraction. This study shows that in persons with hemifacial microsomia certain neuromuscular patterns may differ from the norm because of missing or underdeveloped muscles and because of the different relationship between the mandible, its attached muscles, and other structures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Histological and ultrastructural characteristics of jaw-closing muscles. A review].

The aim of this work is giving, through a wide literature review, a detailed analysis of the histological and ultrastructural characteristics that distinguish masseter and temporal muscles from the other skeletal muscles. Furthermore we'll explain the functional meanings of these differences. We developed the following points: fibre type composition and relative frequency of the various fibre types, fibre size, myosin composition, capillarization and age-related changes. With standard staining method for the myofibrillar ATPase, besides the two main fibre types, I and II, in the masticatory muscles a moderate share of IM fibres with intermediate stainability, which usually don't appear in adult skeletal muscles, are shown. The relative frequency of the various fibre types is also peculiar, with a prevalence of type I fibres in almost every portion of the masseter and temporal muscles, which therefore are functionally slow muscles. Another unusual characteristic is also the mean diameter of type I fibres, that are commonly larger than type II fibres. This finding suggests that masticatory muscles are adapted to carry out specially prolonged and fatiguing tasks. The findings about contractile protein patterns and the changes in myosin heavy chain composition during ageing are also relevant. The deep differences between jaw-closing and limb and trunk muscles are reviewed on the basis of their special functional activities.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

Automatic evaluation of the exteroceptive suppression of the temporalis muscle activity.

AIM: To set up a reliable automated method of allowing to identify the ES1 and ES2 periods of exteroceptive suppression of the temporal muscle (EST), thereby reducing their intra- and inter-individual variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analyses were performed in 79 healthy subjects with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each individual underwent two separate examinations 1 week apart. Activity of the left and right temporal muscles was recorded in response to unilateral stimulation of the left and right labial commissures. Wave forms were successively rectified, averaged, and filtered; the intersections of the resulting curve with values corresponding to 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, and 80% of the control period (20 ms preanalysis time) were automatically determined. RESULTS: All subjects reached a 80% level of attenuation for ES2. The values of ES2 durations were normally distributed. The mean ES1 and ES2 durations didn't vary between the two recording session, and there was a good individual reproducibility from one session to the other. Though relatively high, the inter-individual variability was slightly lower in the second than in the first session. CONCLUSIONS: Computed analysis of EST may contribute to decrease inter- and intra-individual test variability. Letting patient habituate through a first recording session could increase test sensitivity, too. The obtained values for ES2 duration are normally distributed and well-reproducible at both the population and individual level. We suggest taking into account both ES2 duration and level of attenuation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Short-term effect of a stabilization splint on the asymmetry of submaximal masticatory muscle activity.

Ten healthy subjects continuously wore equilibrated maxillary full-arch stabilization splints in the retruded position for 7 days. The muscular activity balance of the masseter muscles during submaximal isometric clenching at 10% and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) did not change immediately on insertion of the splint, but was improved at the 50% level after 7 days (P less than 0.05). While the muscular balance of the anterior temporal muscles was not affected, either immediately on splint insertion, or after wearing it for 7 days, temporal muscle activity at 10% of the MVC was greater on the side to which the mandible moved from the retruded contact position (RCP) to the inter-cuspal position (ICP), both before (P less than 0.025) and after (P less than 0.01) wearing the splint. Splint removal after 7 days resulted in increased awareness of interferences in the ICP and increases in masseter muscle asymmetry (10%, P less than 0.025; 50%, P less than 0.05) when the electromyograms in the ICP after splint removal were compared with those on the stabilization splint before removal. After wearing the splint, the masseter muscle activity at the 10% level was greater on the side where premature contacts were present in the RCP (P less than 0.01). The use of masticatory muscle asymmetry indices in the evaluation of splint treatment for craniomandibular dysfunction is indicated since submaximal masticatory muscle activity is related to occlusal stability, premature contacts in the RCP and the direction of lateral slides from the RCP to the ICP.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

Our experience with Freilinger's method for dynamic correction of facial paralysis.

Eight patients with unilateral facial paralysis of differing aetiology and duration were treated according to Freilinger's method, which includes cross-face nerve grafting and six to eight months later, transposition of a denervated (temporal) muscle flap to the nasolabial area. The end of the cross-face nerve graft is inserted into the muscle flap. Our experience and results with this technique are discussed. It is clear that the combination of cross-face nerve grafting and transposition of a denervated muscle flap is a valid principle. However, a muscle with a greater excursion and one that is easier to denervate is to be preferred to the temporal muscle.

Adolescent↗