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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Talc retinopathy.

We observed talc particles in the retinal vessels of nine out of 17 addicts to intravenous methadone. The retinopathy was found in patients who had injected more than 9,000 tablets. In seven the chest roentgenograms showed a diffuse micronodular pattern which progresses to resemble massive pulmonary fibrosis and is associated with severe disability. The ophthalmologist must recognize this entity since he may be the first to identify drug abusers who inject oral medications containing talc. Early detection and counselling may prevent the severe pulmonary complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Biological effects of pleural talc in neoplastic pleurisy].

A study was carried out on ten patients who had received talc by thoracoscopy for secondary neoplastic pleural involvement. The study was in two parts. First, a laboratory study on blood specimens was made including the full blood count, sedimentation rate and alpha-2 globulins. Secondly, the pleural liquid was examined over a 24 hour period, measuring the leucocyte count/ml and also the pleural sugar. The studies revealed the occurrence of an early rise (J0) in the level of polynuclear neutrophil (PNN) in the pleural liquid, with a 24 hour peak preceded by a leucocytosis and a moderate polymorphonuclear response without any change in the sedimentation rate. These changes provide evidence for the role of PNN in the genesis of pleural symphysis during talc therapy. There was also an early fall in pleural sugar, and this was in parallel with the diminution of the quantity of pleural fluid drained and would be linked to a rise in the local cellular metabolism and to a disturbance in the exchange across the thickened pleural membrane, as a result of fibrosis.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1994

[Radiological changes of talc pleurodesis in cases of effusion].

This study is based on the observations of 86 pleurodesis done by talc insufflation during thoracoscopy in 82 patients suffering from benign (8%) and malignant (92%) pleural effusions. Serial chest films were obtained on every patient. Chest computed tomography was obtained in ten patients. The most frequent finding seen in the early phase and one month later was the appearance of loculations (94%) in selective areas of the thorax. Occasionally they take the appearance of airfluid levels (22%). These loculations are characteristically located in the axillary (60%), intrafissural (30%) and paramediastinal (34%) areas of the chest. In the late phase with a mean evolution time of 6 months, these loculations evolve in 77% of patients in areas of pleural thickening. CT of the chest demonstrates the presence of characteristic pleural thickening in the form of coarse (5/12) and/or fine linear densities (7/12) corresponding to talc deposits, on the pleural surface. These modifications are shown by light microscopy examination of the pleural done at the autopsy.

Female↗
PubMed1994

The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the generation of acute phase response and bone loss in rats and talc granulomatosis.

BACKGROUND: Trabecular bone loss is the part of acute-phase response (APR) in rats with subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation induced by talc. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated the possible involvement of inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the pathogenesis of bone loss and other aspects of APR. Intraperitoneal administration of specific neutralizing antibodies to TNF-alpha or of recombinant cytokine indicated that TNF-alpha was the primary mediator of bone changes, evidence as slower bone elongation rate, bone marrow hyperplasia, and decreased trabecular bone volume and osteoblast number in tibial metaphysis. RESULTS: Moreover, direct intraosseal administration of anti-TNF-alpha antibody neutralized the effect of inflammation on bone. On the other hand, the serum indices of the APR (decreased zinc and iron concentrations, ACTH and C-reactive protein concentration) were not greatly affected after the administration of anti-TNF antibody, except for the normalization of the hypercupremia and weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented in this report demonstrated direct involvement of TNF-alpha in the generation of bone alterations during the development of APR in rats with talc granulomatosis.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1995

[Pleuroscopy and talc pleurodesis in recurrent pleural effusions: experience with 51 cases].

From January '92 up to January '94 thoracoscopy was performed in 51 patients with recurrent pleural effusion: 49 of these patients underwent talc pleurodesis. 10 pleural mesotheliomas, 29 diffuse metastasic pleural involvement and 12 benign effusions were diagnosed. Intrapleural talc therapy allowed a definitive pleurodesis in 43 patients with a success rate of 87%.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Talc pleurodesis in recurrent malignant pleural effusion--a prospective follow-up study].

Talc pleurodesis was performed in a prospective trial in 38 patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion. After insertion of a chest tube a slurry containing 8g of iodined talcum, 0.5 ml of 1% xylocain/kg/body weight, and 80 ml of 0.9% NaCl was administered and suction drainage was performed. The chest tube could be removed after 4 +/- 1.7 days. A successful therapy could be achieved in 33/38 patients (86.8%). 2 patients (5.3%) suffered from recurrent pleural effusion which only in 1 case had to be drained. 3 patients died within the first month after talc pleurodesis due to an advanced cancer stage. Complications did not come to evidence in any case.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Talc pulmonary granulomatosis caused by intravenous administration of methylphenidate].

A 57-year-old man was admitted with fever and a dry cough in 1985. He had used methylphenidate intravenously for 3 years. A chest X-ray film on admission showed diffuse micronodular shadows and massive lesions in the lower lung fields bilaterally. Pulmonary granulomatosis was diagnosed histologically, but the etiology remained unclear. In 1993, the patient was readmitted because of symptom exacerbation. The micronodular shadows had extended and the bilateral, massive lesions had enlarged. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed granulomas with crystallized foreign bodies. Electron microscopy confirmed that the foreign bodies consisted of magnesium and silicon, suggesting talc. Talc granulomatosis caused by intravenous administration of methylphenidate was subsequently diagnosed. The symptoms improved with conservative treatment, and no signs of reexacerbation have appeared.

Central Nervous System Stimulants↗
PubMed1997

Interactions between Talc Particles and Water and Organic Solvents

Three talc samples have been studied by adsorption and immersion methods after a classical characterization of their properties. The combination of adsorption isotherms and of immersion measurements allows the calculation of enthalpies and entropies of adhesion. The studied talcs are characterized as "middle energy" solids. The differences between the particle shapes of the different samples are shown to be of great importance, indicating a linkage between cristallinity and surface properties. The whole results are explained by the influence of intermolecular forces such as acid-base interactions in the interfacial layer. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Contact angle and film pressure: study of a talc surface.

Talc samples in both sheet and powder form are studied by adsorption calorimetry and adsorption isotherm techniques. A model is used to determine the solid surface energy, the solid surface tension and the dispersive, acidic, and basic components of these terms. These results are introduced in an approximate equation relating adsorption to contact angle data. Experimental contact angles are in correct agreement with this approach. The Neumann equation of state is used to fit the data and discussed. It appears as a numerical form of the general equation taking into account gas adsorption and film pressure. Behaviors of talc in contact with liquids do not appear very different whether the solid is in sheet or powder form.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

An in situ ATR-FTIR study of polyacrylamide adsorption at the talc surface.

The adsorption of a low molecular weight unmodified polyacrylamide (Polymer-N) and a hydroxyl-substituted polyacrylamide (Polymer-H) onto talc was studied using in situ particle film ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the multiple internal reflection mode. Spectra of the adsorbed polymer were collected as a function of increasing concentration and as a function of time. Measurement of the peak intensities of the adsorbed polymer allowed adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics to be determined for both polymers. Langmuir adsorption isotherm analysis of in situ data yielded Gibbs free energies of adsorption (deltaG0(ads)) for Polymer-N and Polymer-H of -44.5 and -45.7 kJ/mol, respectively, which correlate well with similar values determined from ex situ adsorption isotherms. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption of both polymers was a pseudo-first-order process. The apparent rate constants for Polymer-N and Polymer-H were 0.10 and 0.15 min(-1), respectively. Absence of spectral shifts in the spectra of adsorbed polymer is indicative of a hydrophobic interaction between the polyacrylamides and the talc surface.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Surface energy of talc and chlorite: Comparison between electronegativity calculation and immersion results.

The surface energies of talc and chlorite is computed using a simple model, which uses the calculation of the electrostatic energy of the crystal. It is necessary to calculate the atomic charges. We have chosen to follow Henry's model of determination of partial charges using scales of electronegativity and hardness. The results are in correct agreement with a determination of the surface energy obtained from an analysis of the heat of immersion data. Both results indicate that the surface energy of talc is lower than the surface energy of chlorite, in agreement with observed behavior of wettability. The influence of Al and Fe on this phenomenon is discussed. Surface energy of this type of solids seems to depend more strongly on the geometry of the crystal than on the type of atoms pointing out of the surface; i.e., the surface energy depends more on the physics of the system than on its chemistry.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cleansers, moisturizers, and talcs: patterns of use among children of low socioeconomic level.

The use of cosmetics (cleansers, moisturizers, and talcs) was investigated in 200 infants and children of low socioeconomic level with and without skin disease. For children with atopic dermatitis, mothers preferred to use unscented soap. Lubricating or hydrating creams were widely used in children without skin disease. Talc and mineral oil were significantly more frequently used in infants than in children. Both of these products are potentially harmful and represent an unnecessary expense for families with a survival-level budget. Dermatologists should discourage their use.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Infrared spectroscopy of OD vibrators in minerals at natural dilution: hydroxyl groups in talc and kaolinite, and structural water in beryl and emerald.

An infrared (IR) study of natural deuteration is conducted on minerals containing hydroxyl groups (talc and kaolinite) and channel-water-bearing minerals (beryl and emerald). In talc, the OD valence vibration is located at 2710 cm(-1), corresponding to OD groups surrounded by 3 Mg atoms. In kaolinite, the OD valence vibrations are located at 2671 cm(-1) (inner OD group), 2712, 2706, and 2700 cm(-1) (three inner-surface OD groups). In beryl and emerald, natural deuteration of channel water is observed for the first time by infrared microspectroscopy. In beryl from Minas Gerais (Brazil), the OD profiles are characterized by four bands at 2735, 2686, 2672, and 2641 cm(-1). In emeralds from Colombia and Brazil, the OD profiles are characterized by five or four bands, respectively, at 2816, 2737, 2685, 2673, and 2641 cm(-1) (Colombia) and 2730, 2684, 2672, and 2640 cm(-1) (Brazil). The band at 2816 cm(-1) can be assigned to -OD or OD(-), and bands at 2686-2684, 2673-2672, and 2641-2640 cm(-1) can be assigned to type-I and type-II HOD molecules. The band at 2737-2730 cm(-1) is partially disturbed by combination bands of the mineral. Such OD profiles are different from those obtained by artificial deuteration at higher OD dilution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative comparison of asbestos and talc bodies in an individual with mixed exposure.

Tissue from an individual with a history of exposure to asbestos and other dust was referred for particulate analysis. The digested material was reviewed by light microscopy to establish the numbers of ferruginous bodies per gram of tissue. Typical asbestos bodies were found at levels consistent with occupational exposure. A second type of elongated ferruginous body was formed on a thicker transparent core which suggested the minerals were sheet silicates. The number of ferruginous bodies with nonasbestos cores was over four times the number of asbestos cored ferruginous bodies. Electron microscopy was used to confirm the core composition of both populations and also to establish the levels of uncoated fibers. The nonasbestos ferruginous bodies were predominantly formed on talc.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

The immunogenicity of starch glove powder and talc.

An antigen responsible for cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity to starch glove powder in guinea-pigs was found to be associated with starch grains. Talc was not immunogenic in this system, and did not cross-react in skin tests with starch glove powder. Additives and protein components in the glove powder did not appear to be antigenic.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production in vitro by silica, talc, bentonite or Corynebacterium parvum: involvement of peroxidative processes.

This study was undertaken to determine whether and by what means particles which induce granulomata in vivo can affect murine spleen lymphoproliferative and antibody responses in vitro. Particles of silica, talc, Bentonite or C. parvum cells inhibited lipopolysaccharide- or concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation and sheep red blood cell-induced antibody response in vitro. The inhibition required at least 48 hours exposure of the cells to the particles. The late onset of inhibition and its reproducibility at different cell or mitogen concentrations implicated particle-induced injury to both phagocytes and lymphocytes. Either alpha-tocopherol or 2-mercaptoethanol prevented the particle-induced inhibition of spleen cell responses. alpha-Tocopherol and 2-mercaptoethanol have in common the capacity to protect cells against membrane lipid peroxidation. The inhibitory peroxidative process(es) implicated by these studies are most likely attributable to: (a) stimulation of oxidative metabolism of phagocytic cells by particles; and (b) iron-catalyzed peroxidation directly by the particles. These data may be relevant in understanding the pathogenesis of and devising therapeutic approaches toward various granulomatous conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Talc lung in a drug abuser.

We report a case of intravenous talcosis in a 36 year old woman. Although she initially denied drug abuse clinical suspicion was aroused by the finding of obliterated peripheral veins, a pleural rub and a peripheral nodular lesion on chest x-ray. Diagnosis of intravenous talcosis was confirmed by finding birefringent particles on transbronchial biopsy. Confronted with this evidence the patient admitted long-standing drug abuse, including intravenous injection of crushed methadone tablets which contain talc filler.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pleurodesis in patients with malignant pleural effusions: talc slurry or bleomycin? Results of a prospective randomized trial.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost of bedside pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions using talc slurry (TS) or bleomycin (BL) in a prospective randomized trial, and to determine prognosticators for procedure failure. From June 1997 to June 1999 a series of 71 patients entered this trial. They underwent 37 procedures with TS (4 g) and 34 with BL (60 units) via tube thoracostomy. Success was defined as no recurrence of pleural effusion or asymptomatic recurrence of a small amount of effusion. Pleural effusion-free survival curves were used to analyze the success rates and the prognosticators of failure. Follow-up ranged from 3 days to 26 months (median 2.5 months). No difference in success rates was detected between TS or BL (log-rank test: p = 0.724). There were no major complications related to the procedure. The independent prognosticators of failed pleurodesis were the use of steroids ( p = 0.004) and the volume of pleural fluid drained during the first thoracentesis when it was more than 900 ml ( p = 0.029). The average cost of intervention per patient was significantly lower for TS ( p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the success rates for TS and BL as agents of bedside pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions. Because of its significantly lower cost, TS should be considered the agent of choice. The use of steroids and the volume drained during the first thoracentesis (if more than 900 ml) were independent prognosticators of pleurodesis failure. The role of this latter finding as a marker of pleurodesis failure awaits more data.

Adult↗