Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TYPHUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Professor Dr Rudolf Weigl (1883-1957) and the activity of his typhus institute in Lvov between 1939 and 1944].

Rudolf Weigl started his study on typhus fever still in time of the Ist World War, and developed them in 1920 as the member of Military Sanitary committee. The study has been carried out for all period of 20 years between the world Wars. As the greatest achievement of Weigl in field of microbiology there should be recognized the use for the first time a bacterial culture in a living organism, and then production of efficient typhus fever vaccine. Of great importance there was a production of vaccine for succeeding armies occupying Lvov; Soviet and German. Weigl's Institute was a harbour for numerous crowds of educated Poles, who--thanks to being employed at the institute--were protected against repressive measures from German invader. Occasionally the institut was supplying also Polish population with vaccines.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1996

[Little known activity of the Czestochowa typhus Institute in 1943 and 1944].

In 1921 Prof. Rudolf Weigl started manufacturing on an industrial scale a typhus vaccine. Until the beginning of World War Two he organised five companies called Weigl Institute. During the Soviet occupation the Lvov plant became the Lvov Sanitary and Bacteriological Institute and after the town was taken over by the German Army on 1st July 1941, Prof. Weigl became a head of research of the Military Typhus Institute. It consisted of four sections for manufacturing the vaccine. All the produce was mainly despatched to the Russian front and only very little reached the civilians. In November and December 1943 the plant was moved to Czestochowa into a main building in Wilsona str. and two four storey others in Jasnogórska str. Its head became a German doctor Mozer (witness test). It is difficult to state numbers the plant employed there being no data left but according to employees still alive there must have been about a hundred lab. staff and two hundred feeders. The plant was divided into "breeding", "preparatory" and "liofilisation" sections. "The breeding" was for feeders and breeding lice. Cages containing about 30,000 lice were fastened to voluntary feeders for each feeding. Next "loaders" covered a so-called key board with 20 insects and infectors introduced and pressurised solution containing live rickets into a louse intestine. After a six or seven day passage, lice ware dried and their intestines prepared to produce liofilizeate all the staff and their families were inoculated. ...

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1994

[Exanthematous typhus during the period following the Spanish Civil War (1939-1943). Use of a collective disease to legitimize the New State].

By analyzing how the early Francoist regime in Spain used certain aspects of the epidemic of exanthematous typhus during the period from 1939 to 1943, this article explores how health policies may legitimize sociopolitical systems by validating ideas and actions that affect many aspects of society. The typhus epidemic and the actions it gave rise to were used as points of reference to support each of the doctrines of legitimization, within the overall ideological framework that the victors of the Civil War intended to establish. Their objective was to consolidate their power and challenge recusants to the New State.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2001

Investigation of the role of Blankaartia acuscutellaris (Acari: Trombiculidae) as a vector of scrub typhus in central Thailand.

Monthly collections of rodents were conducted in Phitsanulok Province, central Thailand in 1993 to investigate the role of the mite Blankaartia acuscurellaris as a vector of scrub typhus. Overall, a total of 41 rodents were collected and examined for the presence of the red colored larvae of B. acuscutellaris and yellow larvae of Leptotrombidium deliense and Ascoshoengastia sp. A total of 787 B. acuscutellaris and 1390 yellow larvae were placed into pools, triturated and isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi attempted in laboratory mice. The sera of 8 of the collected rodents had elevated antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi indicating active infections; however, O. tsutsugamushi was not isolated from rodent tissues or pools of larvae. The results of this survey suggest that B. acuscutellaris may not be an important vector of scrub typhus, but more studies are needed in endemic areas.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Acute scrub typhus in Northern Thailand: EKG changes.

The electrocardiographic (EKG) manifestations of scrub typhus were prospectively evaluated in 29 adult patients who acquired Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in Chiang Rai, Northern Thailand. EKGs were normal in 22 of the 29 patients (76%); minor non-specific changes were found in the other 7 patients; ie ST segment/T wave changes (10%), U waves (7%), and premature ventricular contractions (4%). These results suggest that EKG changes in scrub typhus acquired in areas of diminished antibiotic susceptibility are similar to those observed in O. tsutsugamushi infection acquired elsewhere.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Detection of antibodies against spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR), typhus group Rickettsia (TGR), and Coxiella burnetii in human febrile patients in the Philippines.

A total of 157 sera from febrile patients in the Philippine General Hospital in Manila, Luzon, and the Northern Samar Provincial Hospital, the Philippines, were used. Serum antibodies against spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) and typhus group Rickettsia (TGR) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence test. Antibody positive rates were 1.3% for SFGR (Rickettsia japonica) and 2.5% for TGR (R. typhus), respectively. Rickettsial antibodies in humans in the Philippines were found for the first time. These results underscore the need for further epidemiological study of clinical rickettsioses in the Philippines.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

[Report on first finding an epidemic of Scrub typhus in north rural areas].

In the autumn of 1989 and 1990, an epidemic of Scrub typhus occurred in north rural areas in Tianjin. The authors investigated the epidemic on clinical, epidemiological, serological and etiological features, 44 patients were diagnosed serologically or clinically as Scrub typhus and 42 of them (95.5%) were diagnosed serologically by IFA method. 10 sera specimens collected from the patients were determined distinctively by CF method, 8 of them were > or = 1:20 titre to Gilliam type antigen of tsutsugamushi. The try for isolating pathogens failed of success. The epidemic areas is situated in 39.45'-40.05' north latitudes and showed it was the new epidemic area in the north of China.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Brachial plexus neuropathy associated with scrub typhus: report of a case.

We report on a 20-year-old man who had scrub typhus with the unusual neurologic complication of brachial plexus neuropathy. The clinical features of fever, headache, pneumonitis, eschar, high Weil-Felix OX-K agglutination and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi immunofluorescence titers confirmed the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Brachial plexus neuropathy was proven by an electrophysiologic examination. He had a nearly complete recovery after adequate medical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Electrocardiographic changes in scrub typhus patients.

Ninety-eight cases of scrub typhus were examined electrocardiographically. Various findings beyond the normal range were as follows: In the febrile stage, sinus arrhythmia with some beats below 60 per minute, flat or low T waves in the left precordial leads, sinus tachycardia, ST segment elevation of 4-l mm in V2, prominent u waves measuring 1 mm or more in amplitude, tall and peaked T waves in V2-4, incomplete right bundle branch block, T wave inversion in V3-4, first degree A-V block, Q-Tc interval prolongation, notched T waves in V3, AV junctional escapes, prominent Ta waves or depression of PR segments in V2, and right axis deviation; in the convalescent stage, sinus arrhythmia with some beats below 60 per minute, prominent u waves measuring 1 mm or more in amplitude, tall and peaked T waves in V2-4, flat or low T waves in the left precordial leads, incomplete right bundle branch block, sinus tachycardia, first degree A-V block, Q-Tc interval prolongation, T wave inversion in V3-4, ST segment elevation of 4 mm in amplitude in V2, ventricular premature contractions, atrial premature contractions, and right axis deviation. In comparison with the electrocardiographic findings in 101 asymptomatic normal subjects, flat T waves in the precordial leads, tall and peaked T waves in V2-4 in both acute and convalescent stages, and sinus arrhythmia with some beats below 60 per minute in the convalescent stage were more frequent in cases. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were present most commonly in the acute illness, and our findings support the impression that, with few exceptions, prompt treatment of scrub typhus with antibiotics prevents the serious cardiac complications seen prior to the antibiotic era.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jakub Penson and his studies on acute renal failure during typhus epidemics in Warsaw Ghetto.

In the Warsaw Ghetto established by the German Nazis as a special district for Polish Jews in 1940 there were two typhus epidemics. Many patients affected by this disease (1500 during the first and 6500 during second epidemic) were treated at The Department of Infectious Disease of Czyste Hospital headed by Dr Jakub Penson--a Polish physician of Jewish origin. A heroic group of 20 physicians not only treated patients in these tragic circumstances, but also performed in defiance of Nazi prohibition, scientific studies on the clinical course of typhus with special attention on hyperazotemia and renal complication. The results of their observations were presented in 1941-42 during clinical meetings in Czyste Hospital and later published by Penson in 1946 in the Polish Physicians Weekly. Among other clinical statements a description of acute renal failure of extrarenal origin, caused by dehydration and toxic influence of primary disease seems the most important one. It has to be taken into account that acute renal failure appearing during Crush Syndrome was described by Bywaters in 1941. Jakub Penson survived the German Nazi occupation and later become a head of the Internal Medicine Department in Gdansk Medical University and one of the precursors of clinical nephrology in Poland.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2004

Spontaneous splenic rupture in a child with murine typhus.

A 10-year-old boy hospitalized with murine typhus infection had splenic rupture as a complication. Surgical intervention was not required. He recovered and was discharged a week after admission. This is the first reported case of spontaneous splenic rupture in a child with murine typhus.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Short report: prospective evaluation of a multi-test strip for the diagnoses of scrub and murine typhus, leptospirosis, dengue Fever, and Salmonella typhi infection.

A multi-test strip dotblot immunoassay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, scrub typhus, murine typhus, dengue virus infection and leptospirosis was evaluated in Thai adults presenting to hospital with acute, undifferentiated fever. The kit gave multiple positive test results in 33 of 36 patients with defined infections and was therefore not a useful admission diagnostic tool.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in patients with scrub typhus.

Thai patients with scrub typhus caused by the intracellular pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi displayed elevated plasma concentrations of granzymes A and B, interferon-gamma (IFN)-gamma-inducible protein 10, and monokine induced by IFN-gamma. These data suggest that activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes is part of the early host response to scrub typhus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Autochthonous epidemic typhus associated with Bartonella quintana bacteremia in a homeless person.

Trench fever, a louse-borne disease caused by Bartonella quintana, is reemerging in homeless persons. Epidemic typhus is another life-threatening louse-borne disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and known to occur in conditions of war, famine, refugee camps, cold weather, poverty, or lapses in public health. We report the first case of seroconversion to R. prowazekii in a homeless person of Marseilles, France. This was associated with B. quintana bacteremia. Although no outbreaks of typhus have been notified yet in the homeless population, this disease is likely to reemerge in such situation.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2005

Protection against scrub typhus by a plasmid vaccine encoding the 56-KD outer membrane protein antigen gene.

The 56-kD outer membrane protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi has previously been shown to be the immunodominant antigen in scrub typhus infections. Its gene was cloned into the DNA vaccine vector pVR1012 as a vaccine candidate (pKarp56). The in vitro expression of this 56-kD antigen by pKarp56 was confirmed in tissue culture by an indirect fluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. The initial antibody responses of mice immunized with varied doses of the pKarp56 were barely detected, but increases were observed after each of three subsequent booster immunizations. Although no protection was observed with a single immunization of pKarp56, after four immunizations, 60% of the mice survived a 1,000 x 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) challenge. These results specifically confirm the importance of the 56-kD protein antigen in protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi and demonstrate the feasibility of DNA vaccines for the prevention of scrub typhus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[How the epidemics of typhus and relapsing fever were stopped in Serbia in 1915 year].

Eighty years are passed after the catastrophic epidemics of Typhus and Relapsing Fever in 1915 in Serbia was stopped and put under control. This remarkable achievment was realized in cooperation of the British Military Mission and Serbian health services, one month before the usual seasonal maximum of epidemic wave. The cutting of epidemics was made possible by introducing famous "Serbian barrel" (constructed by Dr Stammers). However, the epidemics of Typhus fever present in the same time in several european countries lasted throughout the whole First World War.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2004

Outbreak investigation of scrub Typhus in Himachal Pradesh (India).

Scrub Typhus outbreak investigation was undertaken during September 2003 in the three worst affected districts Shimla, Solan and Sirmaur in Himachal Pradesh (India). A total of 113 cases and 19 deaths (17.27 percent case fatality rate) were reported from the eight districts, which were reporting cases. Cases were prevalent in all age groups and in both the sexes among the persons frequenting forest for occupational work. 35.7 percent of the patients serum samples showed a titer of > 1: 80 against OX 19 and OXK antigen is suggestive of Scrub Typhus. Entomologically Rattus rattus (39.5 per cent) was the most prevalent species followed by Suncus murinus (22.91 percent), Bandicoota bengalensis (29.16 percent) and Bandicoota indica and Mus musculus (4.16 percent each). Vector species Leptotrombidium deliense and Gahrliepia (schoengastilla) sp. were recorded. The chigger index 23.0 was found to be highest in Vill. Baldian and 5.0 in Vill. Bhatakuffer (Shimla) and 1.0 in Vill. Rebon (Solan), which is above the critical limit of 0.69 per rodents. Other mite species, ixodid ticks, fleas and lice have been recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Clinical study of 20 children with scrub typhus at Chiang Rai Regional Hospital.

20 children, diagnosed with scrub typhus who attended Chiang Rai Regional Hospital during a period of 6 months from June 2003 to December 2003, were studied prospectively. All cases were serologically proved to be scrub typhus by using Dipstick or indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique. The most common clinical feature was eschar (75%). Others included hepatomegaly (65%), cough (60%), lymphadenopathy (40%), tachypnea (35%), constipation (25%), abdominal pain (20%), edema (20%), splenomegaly (15%), vomiting (15%), rash (15%) and petichia (5%) respectively. Chest radiography showed abnormalities in 85% with mostly bilateral interstitial infiltrations. Elevated of SGOT: SGPT were detected in 18 (90%) and 15 (75%) cases. Hypoalbuminemia was detected in 12 (60%) cases. Complete blood count showed PMN leukocytosis (> 60%) in 12 (60%) cases, lymphocytosis (> 40%) and atypical lymphocytosis (> 5%) in 1 (5%) case each and thrombocytopenia in 16 (80%) cases. The Weil-Felix test was positive in 1 (5%) case. Complications were pneumonia with or without pulmonary edema, meningitis and shock. Chloramphenicol and doxycycline were successfully treated and roxithromycin was not effective.

Adolescent↗