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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Tick-borne relapsing fever in children.

Three cases of tick-borne fever diagnosed during the summer of 1979 are reported and the ecoepidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of this infection are reviewed. Although challenging, the diagnosis can be made easily if specific historical clues are sought and the patient's blood smear is carefully examined. The diagnosis of this condition early in its course can save clinicians and patients the anxiety and cost of the work-up of a "fever of unknown origin." Since vacationing in the national parks and forests has become increasingly popular among many American families, tick-borne relapsing fever should be considered in any patient with an acute or recurrent fever of unknown origin who exhibits nonspecific symptoms of an undifferentiated "viral illness," and who gives a history of sleeping overnight in log cabins in the coniferous forests of the Western mountains of the United States.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Response of sheep to experimental concurrent infection with tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes phagocytophila) and louping-ill virus.

The pathogenesis of concurrent Cytoecetes phagocytophila and louping-ill virus infection was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment 18 four- to seven-year-old rams were used. Ten were infected with C phagocytophila and five days later eight of these animals and the remaining eight sheep were infected with louping-ill virus. The two rams infected with C phagocytophila alone developed no clinical signs apart from a transient pyrexia, while only three of the eight rams infected with louping-ill virus alone showed mild clinical signs. In marked contrast, all eight dually infected sheep developed severe clinical signs with pronounced depression and dysentery and three died and five were killed in extremis. They developed higher titres of viraemia and the antibody response was depressed while necrotising lesions affecting a variety of organs were detected at post mortem examination. Rhizomucor pucillus was recovered from these lesions in seven of the eight sheep. A second experiment using 10 sheep, five aged seven months and five aged two to three years, confirmed the findings of the first experiment indicating that the age of the animal had not significantly influenced the initial result. It was concluded that C phagocytophila infection could enhance the pathogenicity of louping-ill virus and that, operating together, the two pathogens facilitated fungal invasion. It is postulated that sudden deaths in sheep recently transferred to tick-infested pastures may be due to this newly described syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Tick-borne fever: leucocyte migration inhibition.

When sheep were infected with Cytoecetes phagocytophila the in vitro migration of peripheral leucocytes was reduced even when antigen was not added. The inhibition of migration coincided with parasitaemia and was due to soluble factors which inhibited the migration of leucocytes from normal sheep. After the cessation of parasitaemia addition of antigen was necessary for migration inhibition to occur.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Transfusion-transmitted tick-borne infections: a cornucopia of threats.

Over the past several decades, the frequency of contact between humans and ticks has increased dramatically. Concomitantly, several newly recognized tick-borne pathogens have emerged joining those already known to be transmitted by ticks. Together these factors have led to an enhanced public health awareness of ticks, tick-borne agents, and their associated diseases. Reports that several of these agents are transmitted by blood transfusion have raised concerns about blood safety. The primary agents of interest are members of the genus Babesia, but Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia rickettsii, Colorado tick fever virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus also have been transmitted by transfusion. In many cases, these agents and their diseases share common features including vectors, symptoms, and diagnosis. Unfortunately, they also share the common problem of insufficient epidemiologic and transmissibility data necessary for making informed decisions regarding potential blood safety interventions. Although further surveillance and epidemiologic studies of tick-borne agents are clearly needed, at present only the Babesia warrant consideration for active intervention; because donor management strategies based on risk-factor questions are inadequate, leukoreduction not effective for agents found in red cells and pathogen inactivation remains problematic for red cell products. Despite the present unavailability of screening assays, some form of serologic and nucleic acid testing may be justified for the Babesia. Given that interactions between humans and ticks are likely to increase in the future, vigilance is required as new and extant tick-borne agents pose potential threats to transfusion safety.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

The history of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Australia and achievements in its control.

For more than 100 years, tick fever and the cattle tick have caused tremendous financial loss to cattle producers around the world. Since Australia became infected with the disease and infested with its tick vector in the mid-19th century, a great deal of research effort has been directed towards their effective control by Australian farmers, administrators and scientists. Such research has yielded information which has facilitated the development of various control strategies that have equal application in other countries afflicted with the same problem. It has been demonstrated that integration of a variety of these strategies is necessary for long-lasting control.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Chimeric flaviviruses: novel vaccines against dengue fever, tick-borne encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis.

Many arthropod-borne flaviviruses are important human pathogens responsible for diverse illnesses, including YF, JE, TBE, and dengue. Live, attenuated vaccines have afforded the most effective and economical means of prevention and control, as illustrated by YF 17D and JE SA14-14-2 vaccines. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have made it possible to explore a novel approach for developing live attenuated flavivirus vaccines against other flaviviruses. Full-length cDNA clones allow construction of infectious virus bearing attenuating mutations or deletions incorporated in the viral genome. It is also possible to create chimeric flaviviruses in which the structural protein genes for the target antigens of a flavivirus are replaced by the corresponding genes of another flavivirus. By combining these molecular techniques, the DNA sequences of DEN4 strain 814669, DEN2 PDK-53 candidate vaccine and YF 17D vaccine have been used as the genetic backbone to construct chimeric flaviviruses with the required attenuation phenotype and expression of the target antigens. Encouraging results from preclinical and clinical studies have shown that several chimeric flavivirus vaccines have the safety profile and satisfactory immunogenicity and protective efficacy to warrant further evaluation in humans. The chimeric flavivirus strategy has led to the rapid development of novel live-attenuated vaccines against dengue, TBE, JE, and West Nile viruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of the distribution of Rickettsia conorii, microscopic lesions, and clinical features in South African tick bite fever.

Three South African patients with severe Rickettsia conorii infection had complicated courses of illness with 2 fatal cases and 1 with gangrene of multiple digits. Immunofluorescent organisms of R. conorii were demonstrated in vascular endothelium of brain, leptomeninges, renal glomerular arterioles and capillaries, renal arteries and veins, myocardial capillaries and arteries, pulmonary alveolar capillaries, pancreatic septa, splenic arterioles, and dermis. Rickettsiae were also observed in hepatic sinusoidal lining cells, splenic and lymph node macrophages, and the blood vessels of the partially viable zone of the amputated digits. Pathologic lesions included cerebral and cerebellar perivascular mononuclear leukocytes, mild mononuclear leptomeningitis, glomerular arteriolitis, vascular and perivascular mononuclear cell-rich inflammatory foci in the kidney, pancreas, skin, and myocardium, hepatocellular necrosis, and pulmonary edema. The sites of lesions and rickettsiae showed strong topographical correlation. Thrombi and hemorrhage occurred in a minority of the sites of vascular injury. Rickettsiae were the apparent direct cause of meningoencephalitis, peripheral gangrene, and other foci of vascular injury. Fatal R. conorii infection with disseminated organ involvement emphasizes the pathogenic potential of this disease.

Aged↗