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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The variability in the interrelations of the terminal portions of the thoracic duct and the left vertebral vein and its importance in applying a lymphovenous anastomosis].

Peculiarities of interrelations between the thoracic duct terminal regions and left vertebral vein were studied in 158 human cadavers. In case of long and thin neck trunks of the thoracic duct and vertebral vein ere established not to adjoin. Here a lympho-venous end-to-side anastomosis may be applied in vertebral vein mobilization. In short and thick neck intercrossing of the trunks was observed. In this case any type of lympho-venous anastomosis may be applied.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

[The graphic model of algorithm for the abdominal part of the thoracic duct].

Fifty seven cadavers of adults have been studied with complex of anatomic techniques. Syntopy of abdominal part of the thoracic duct has been explored. Landmarks for reconstruction of the graphic model allowing preoperative and intraoperative determination of an optimal access to the abdominal part of the thoracic duct were suggested.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of cisterna chyli ablation combined with thoracic duct ligation on abdominal lymphatic drainage.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) and thoracic duct ligation (TDL) on abdominal lymphatic drainage in normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Nine female beagle dogs. METHODS: TDL was performed in 3 dogs and was combined with CCA (CCA-TDL) and local omentalization in 6 dogs. Contrast lymphangiography was attempted in all dogs immediately before and after TDL. Dogs were reanesthetized at 31-37 days for lymphatic studies by new methylene blue (NMB) injection into a mesenteric lymph node and by contrast lymphangiography. RESULTS: In 6 CCA-TDL dogs, 2 had direct shunting of contrast from the lymphatic system into major abdominal veins, 3 had contrast material that dissipated into abdominal vessels within the mesenteric root, and 1 had shunting into the azygous vein. NMB was not observed within the omental pedicle after CCA-TDL. Chylous drainage was by the azygous vein in all 3 TDL dogs. CONCLUSIONS: CCA-TDL disrupted chylous drainage to the thoracic duct and resulted in direct intraabdominal lymphaticovenous anastomoses identified by shunting of lymphatic flow directly into the abdominal vasculature in 5 of 6 CCA-TDL dogs. Omentalization of the cisternal ablation site was not beneficial in augmenting extrathoracic lymphatic drainage and is not recommended with CCA-TDL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CCA-TDL represents a novel approach to surgical redirection of chylous drainage to the venous circulation outside of the thorax and may be useful in the treatment of spontaneous chylothorax in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Studies on the leukocytosis and lymphocytosis induced by Bordetella pertussis. II. The effect of pertussis vaccine on the thoracic duct lymph and lymphocytes of mice.

The 24 hr volume flow, cell concentration, and total cell output of thoracic duct fluid from mice with pertussis-induced hyperlymphocytosis were markedly reduced when compared with values obtained in normal animals. An increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes occurred in several of the pertussis-treated mice despite the presence of an indwelling thoracic duct cannula. The drainage from such animals also showed a reduced cell concentration and total cell output. It is suggested that lymphocyte recirculation may be minimal in pertussis-induced lymphocytosis, and the evidence obtained also suggests that lymphocytes may enter the blood stream by direct routes during the course of the reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Low thoracic duct ligation for postoperative chylous effusions in infants and children.

Three patients aged from three months to six years underwent thoracic duct ligation at the level of the diaphragm for chylothorax which occurred following cardiac operations. Another three-month-old patient underwent thoracic duct ligation for massive postoperative chylopericardium. Indications for operation were a large recurrent chyle accumulation or prolonged chyle drainage. Operative ductograms to deliniate the cisterna chyli and to exclude the presence of multiple lymph channels were performed in three patients. Excellent postoperative results were obtained in all patients for periods of up to two years. Low thoracic dust ligation is a reliable means of control of postoperative chylothorax and lengthy persistence with conservative treatment is no longer necessary.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Architectural alteration of lymphatic tissue produced by extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration.

Removal of recirculating lymphocytes from the lymph of calves by extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration results in a state of immunounresponsiveness. Accompanying this is histological evidence of lymphocyte depletion from the lymph organs and structures of the body. Lymph nodes, spleen, hemolymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and thymus appear depleted of the recirculating small lymphocyte. We find this closed model of lymphocyte depletion effective and free of seyere problems with infections and physiological alterations as experienced in mechanical removal, extracorporeal irradiation, and open thoracic duct fistulas.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Surgery technique: preventive ligation of the thoracic duct during esophagectomy for cancer].

Chylothorax is a rare but life-threatening complication of esophagectomy for cancer. Elective ligation of the thoracic duct above the diaphragm does not suppress completely the risk of chylothorax due to possible trauma of the thoracic duct wall at the level of ligation, or incomplete ligation in case of anatomic variation. This study describes a technique of preventive ligation "en block" with surrounding tissues in order to minimize the risk of chylothorax following oesophagectomy, whatever performed transthoracically or through transhiatal approach.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Identification of beta-adrenergic sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat thoracic duct.

The effect of L-isoproterenol on the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generating system in rat thoracic duct membranes was investigated in order to identify beta-adrenergic receptors. L-Isoproterenol elicited a dose-dependent stimulation of cAMP formation; L-noradrenaline was less effective than L-isoproterenol in stimulating cAMP increase, whereas L-phenylephrine was without important effects on cAMP levels. L-Propranolol, a selective antagonist of beta-adrenergic receptors, caused a dose-dependent decrease of the effects of L-isoproterenol. In contrast, the L-isoproterenol-elicited increase of cAMP was unaffected by the alpha-adrenergic and dopamine receptor-blocking agents phentolamine and haloperidol. These data indicate that L-isoproterenol stimulates cAMP formation in the rat thoracic duct by a specific interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors positively coupled to adenylate cyclase.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1975

Evidence of cytotoxic T and B immunoblasts in the thoracic duct of rats bearing tumour grafts.

Wistar rats were immunised with allogeneic or xenogeneic tumour before collection of their thoracic duct lymph. Specifically cytotoxic effector cells were found in the lymph between 3 and 8 days after immunisation, and their occurrence coincided with an increased number of immunoblasts in the lymphocyte population. The immune response in lymph to allogeneic cells appeared to be affected solely by radiosensitive thymus-dependent lymphocytes; no complement-dependent killing was evident and cytotoxic cells failed to appear when immunised animals were deprived of thymus-dependent lymphocytes. In contrast, the response to immunisation with xenogeneic cells elicited both complement-dependent and complement-independent cytotoxicity, but only the former could be detected in animals deprived of thymus-dependent lymphocytes. In normal animals and in animals deprived of thymus-dependent cells, the cytotoxic cells in the thoracic duct lymph appeared to be large lymphocytes or immunoblasts.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Regeneration of the endothelium in the canine and feline thoracic duct.

Recent improvements in microsurgical techniques on lymphatic vessels facilitated the treatment of lymphoedema. But it is becoming clear that a successful treatment of lymphatic disease has to be based on knowledge of ongoing processes. Particularly, one of the important and unclear issue is cellular mechanisms of lymphatic regeneration. The regeneration of endothelial and the smooth muscle cells of the thoracic duct has been experimentally tested in vivo. The canine and feline thoracic duct was cryo-injured using 3 mm-based copper rod. Damaged endothelial cells remained attached to the substrate and lost unthrombogenecy within 48 hr. Adjacent EC restored the defect within 3 days by migration and proliferation. We observed that on the first day, the endothelial monolayer included some elongated multinuclear cells with blind silver lines whereas, on the third day, they were replaced by a population of smaller ECs with numerous mitoses. Organization of the monolayer was restituted within 7 days. The newly formed endothelium was similar to regenerating endothelium of arteries. In general, the clot that appeared at the zone of injury on the second day was dissolved by the third day. Occasionally, the dense polymorphic clot adhered to the wall and caused a delay in reendothelisation. Complete restitution of the tunica media which involved migration and proliferation mechanisms accompanied the endothelium regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Thoracic duct cyst of the mediastinum. A case report.

There are only a few reports in the literature on cysts of the thoracic duct. This case report concerns a 56-year-old female patient, who was operated on because of a mediastinal mass that later proved to be a cyst of the thoracic duct. The operation and immediate postoperative course were uneventful. Six months later, the patient was doing well and no further investigations were recommended.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of the thoracic duct T-helper cells that co-mediate, with antibody, the rapid expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in adult rats.

Thoracic duct cells that act synergistically with immune serum or antibody to transfer rapid expulsion of a challenge infection with Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were characterized as OX38+, OX8-, OX22- T helper cells. Protective capacity was confined to the dividing T helpers that appeared on days 3-5 in the thoracic duct of rats during a T. spiralis infection. To realize their intestinal priming potential in recipient rats. MHC-compatibility between donor and recipient rat was required. Fractionation of immune serum with 40% saturated ammonium sulphate left transferable protective activity in both the precipitate and supernatant fractions. Absorption of immune serum with muscle larvae antigen removed the capacity to transfer protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of furosemide on thoracic duct lymph flow in the dog.

Furosemide 20 mg/kg was given intravenously to 12 anesthetized dogs with clamped renal pedicles. Thoracic duct lymph flow (TDLF) increased promptly by 38% (P less than 0.05), an increment that lasted 80 min. Because in 6 of 12 dogs there was a transient increase in splanchnic blood flow, in separate groups splanchnic blood flow was either markedly constricted or markedly increased by intravenous isoproterenol. Thoracic duct lymph flow increased by 95 and 90%, respectively, following furosemid despite no further change in splanchnic blood flow. Furosemide had no effect on blood pressure, lymph protein, or plasma sodium. In four chronic caval dogs, TDLF was increased by 400%, yet furosemide produced a further increment in lymph flow of 30% (P less than 0.05). Infusion of a 25% albumin solution to contract the interstitial fluid did not abolish the furosemide effect, but a 10% mannitol solution did. Furosemide increased TDLF even after the infusion of papaverine reduced blood pressure to 60 mmHg. We conclude that furosemide increases TDLF by acting directly on splanchnic capillaries to allow increased filtration of fluid in the absence of increased splanchnic blood flow or capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

[Changes in the structure of the wall of the human thoracic duct in relation to atherosclerosis and age].

Changes in the proportion of muscular- and connective tissue in the media of the thoracic duct were observed at atherosclerotic persons. It was established that the quotient of the muscular and connective tissue with the development of the atherosclerotic process increases. The latter causes thichkening of the connective tissue layer in the wall of the thoracic duct. These structural changes have only indirect connection with age, since severe atherosclerosis in aged persons occure more often.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Scintigraphic demonstration of the thoracic duct following oral ingestion of 123I-heptadecanoic acid.

A new noninvasive method for scintigraphic demonstration of the anatomic localization and function of the thoracic duct is described. Seven volunteers ingested 123I-heptadecanoic acid; approximately one hour later the entire thoracic duct was demonstrated and correspondingly a sharp rise in the plasma appearance rate of radioactivity was recorded. The method is simple and without side effects. The usefulness of this examination in clinical practice remains to be elucidated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

The effect of steroids on the circulating lymphocyte population. V. Effect of prednisolone treatment on cell size and life span of the thoracic duct lymphocyte population in normal and neonatally thymectomized rats. A radioisotope study.

Using 3H-TdR isotope labelling in vivo, the effect of a high corticosteroid dose was correlated to cell size and life span of thoracic duct lymphocytes in rats. The lymphocytopenia in thoracic duct lymph during the involution phase (3 hrs after treatment) was a marked depletion of small lymphocytes, followed by a restitution to pretreatment cell levels within one day. The original lymphocyte population had a higher per cent of labelled small lymphocytes (50%) in comparison to the returning population which contained fewer (35%) small labelled cells. Label index (i.e. labelled cells of a certain cell size in percent of total cell number) was unchanged for all cell sizes during both involution and restitution phases. This unchanged label index profile as well as an earlier described unchanged cell size distribution support the hypothesis of lymphocyte trapping and redistribution as a major effect of a single prednisolone dose. The decrease of labelled small lymphocytes in the returning cell population can, however, also agree with a minor lymphocytolytic effect on circulating small lymphocytes. Our data do not support the hypothesis of two different lymphocyte populations with different life span. Neither could a redistribution of lymphocytes be found in any lymphoid tissue compartment or in femur bone marrow, during the involution phase after corticosteroid treatment.

Animals↗