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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Spectrum of rectal biopsy abnormalities in homosexual men with intestinal symptoms.

Homosexually active men have frequent intestinal and rectal symptoms resulting from sexually acquired gastrointestinal infections. We evaluated the histologic findings in rectal biopsy specimens obtained from 89 homosexual men with intestinal symptoms and 11 homosexual men without intestinal symptoms. All had undergone comprehensive microbiologic evaluation for rectal and enteric pathogens. Rectal biopsy specimens were evaluated without knowledge of clinical or microbiologic data by a standardized method for the presence or absence of abnormal histologic features. Forty-six percent of specimens from symptomatic men and 27% of those from asymptomatic men were abnormal. Acute inflammation was the most frequent histologic abnormality and was more frequent in men who had pathogens (51%) than men without pathogens (24%, p less than 0.02). Acute but not chronic inflammation was seen also in specimens from homosexual men without intestinal symptoms. Intestinal spirochetosis was present in specimens from 23 (26%) of the symptomatic and 5 (45%) of the asymptomatic men. In 5 of the 89 symptomatic men, biopsy features of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IIBD) were present; all 5 of these men were infected with either Treponema pallidum or Chlamydia trachomatis. Features of IIBD were present in 25% of those infected with C. trachomatis or T. pallidum. Chronic inflammation was more frequent in men infected with C. trachomatis, syphilis, or herpes simplex virus type II: 31% vs. 3%, p = 0.0002. Acute inflammation was present in specimens from men with proctitis or proctocolitis and enteritis as well as in those from asymptomatic men, whereas chronic inflammation was present only in specimens from men with proctitis or proctocolitis. Both acute and chronic inflammation were more frequent when biopsy specimens of the abnormal mucosa were examined. When specimens from men with single infections were analyzed, histology was rarely diagnostic. We conclude that acute inflammation is frequent in rectal biopsy specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic homosexual men; chronic inflammation is infrequent, but when present is significantly associated with syphilis, herpes simplex virus type II, and C. trachomatis infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Changes of subgingival microflora around single-crystal sapphire endosseous implants after experimental ligature-induced plaque accumulation in monkeys.

A study was performed to evaluate the change of subgingival microflora with plaque accumulation around the single-crystal sapphire implant. Four implants were inserted into mandibular and maxillary edentulous regions, and the super-structure was inserted 1 month after implant insertion in each of nine monkeys. Plaque control was maintained for 3 months after insertion to establish the baseline. Plaque was allowed to accumulate on one side by placement of ligatures around the implants and natural teeth with no plaque control. On the other side plaque control was continued for 9 months. Both the implants and natural teeth on the ligature side showed significant increases in proportions of motile rods and spirochetes. No significant difference of microflora was detected between the implants and natural teeth. These findings indicate that plaque control is necessary to maintain the normal microflora around the implant.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1995

Phenotypical characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from pigs.

A combined evaluation of the phenotypical properties of five Serpulina type or reference strains and 163 Swedish isolates of spirochaetes from pigs and two from birds was made. The porcine isolates were collected from herds with a history of dysentery or severe diarrhoea and from herds chosen at random. On the basis of beta-haemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activity, the isolates could be divided into four main groups, I to IV, with three subgroups in group III. Group I included the type strain for Serpulina hyodysenteriae (B78). Group II was differentiated from group I only by weak beta-haemolysis. Group III included the type strain for Serpulina innocens (B256). Group IV included the pathogenic, weakly haemolytic strain P43. Group IV-spirochaetes were characterised by their ability to hydrolyse hippurate and by their lack of beta-glucosidase activity. Group I and II-spirochaetes were isolated only from dysenteric or diarrhoeic pigs. There was a statistical relationship between pigs with diarrhoea and the isolation of group IV spirochaetes but no relationship with group III spirochaetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of different serological tests for detection of antibodies against Serpulina hyodysenteriae in pig sera.

Swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease caused by S. hyodysenteriae. The detection of asymptomatic carriers in herds is possible by serological tests. However, cross-reactions between S. hyodysenteriae and S. innocens pose a major problem in serological diagnosis. Several serological tests were evaluated for detection of antibodies to S. hyodysenteriae such as: indirect hemagglutination, passive hemolysis, conglutination and microagglutination tests. Among the tests used, only the microagglutination test was able to detect antibodies to S. hyodysenteriae. 70 to 95% of the pigs were invariably seropositive in a single dilution of 1:10 in actively infected herds whereas the number of seropositives did not exceed 10% in presumably non-infected herds. The test was found to be simple, and reliable to be used with confidence for detection of herd infection using boiled cell suspension as an antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cell membrane permeability and mitochondrial dysfunction-inducing activities in cell-free supernatants from Serpulina hyodysenteriae serotypes 1 and 2.

Membrane permeability (MP) and mitochondrial dysfunction-inducing (MDI) activities were detected in cell-free supernatants (CFS) of Serpulina hyodysenteriae, using either hemoglobin release from porcine red blood cells (RBC) or cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase release from porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and reduction of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye by porcine PBL. The MP and MDI activities of CFS correlated with each other for serotype 1 and 2 isolates taken at different population densities; however, the kinetics of toxin production varied between each serotype. The loss of enteropathogenicity of two field isolates with nonpathogenic phenotypes and pathogenic isolates passaged up to 45 times in vitro was not attributable to a loss of either membrane permeability or mitochondrial dysfunction-inducing activity of cell-free supernatants. Results from this study suggested the potential for two separate toxins being involved in the pathogenesis of swine dysentery, with the MDI activity correlating with age susceptibility to clinical disease.

Age Factors↗