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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Temporary small-scale colonization of the Beffa form of the Simulium damnosum theobald complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Africa.

Two populations of the Beffa form of Simulium damnosum s.l. were colonized on a small scale for the first time in Africa. The colonies survived for three and five generations, respectively. Information gained led to improvements in adult handling techniques which proved adequate for colony maintenance despite the small numbers reared. Nevertheless, large scale rearings are required to avoid inbreeding and to produce sufficient numbers for experimental purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Artificial feeding of west African Simulium damnosum Theobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) on man, domestic mammals and birds.

A population of known species composition (mainly Simulium damnosum s.s. with some S. sirbanum), was fed on chicken, guinea-fowl, rabbit, goat, sheep, and man, using simple techniques under similar conditions. Significant differences in feeding rates were found between the different host species, on different parts of the body, at times also between different individuals of the same species, and between techniques employed. On less favoured hosts wild-caught flies usually gave better results than laboratory emerged females. Taking both wild-caught and laboratory emerged flies into consideration, rabbit, man and guinea-fowl gave the best results, with the latter being particularly suitable.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nigerian blood-fed blackflies (Diptera. Simuliidae) caught in flight: relative activity and host preferences.

Using a vehicle-mounted net, over 1000 blood-fed blackflies were collected in flight, showing that they had a much higher level of activity during this stage than was previously expected, particularly in Simulium squamosum. Activity was greatest in blood-fed females with Stage IV eggs, presumably because they were starting to search for oviposition sites. S. squamosum, S. adersi and S. vorax showed a moderate level of activity in flies with Stage II and III eggs, although these are normally considered to be resting stages. Blood-fed flies with Stage I eggs were relatively rare. Analysis of 601 blood meals showed that S. hargreavesi, S. squamosum and S. vorax were primarily cattle-feeders, although a few S. squamosum had fed on man (showing that this species has a high level of zoophily in this area). The few S. adersi, S. hirsutum and S. nigritarse collected had fed mainly on birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Artificial feeding of West African Simulium damnosum Theobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) through membranes and their subsequent fecundity.

Simulium damnosum s.l. females were offered blood through artificial membranes using a feeding apparatus in which the blood is kept warm and stirred. Feeding rates and egg production were compared using a synthetic silicone or a latex membrane and ten different kinds of blood with and without added adenosine-tri-phosphate (ATP). Feeding rates were usually higher with silicone than with latex membranes. Wild flies captured just before starting to feed on man, usually fed better than females that had emerged from pupae in the laboratory. Wild-caught flies showed best results when deep-frozen human blood with EDTA or fresh human blood from a blood bank was offered through a silicone membrane. Using a latex membrane they fed best on "instant" and fresh human blood from a blood bank. Laboratory-emerged females which were offered blood only through the silicone membrane, fed best on freeze-dried porcine blood or on human blood with EDTA, both with ATP. Optimal feeding rates were obtained with one day old flies and membrane temperatures between 37.0 and 39.5 degrees C. Real fecundity depended on blood-meal volume. Females that took a complete meal on man produced 377 eggs per fly. Since a higher percentage of flies fed through membranes took small or medium sized blood meals, their fecundity was correspondingly lower (295 eggs per fly).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Vertical distribution of flying black-flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Central Nigeria.

Flying black-flies were collected using an array of 4 nets mounted on a vehicle at heights between 0.15 and 3.0 m above the ground. The vertical distribution differed amongst the 8 most abundant species, but within a particular species such as S. squamosum, there was no significant difference in the vertical distribution of the males and females, nor between females of different physiological conditions. This infers that the height of the trap on the vehicle will not normally be a source of bias during population studies. However, there was some evidence of circadian changes in the vertical distribution; during the afternoon, black-flies of all species flew higher compared with in the evening.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of the blackfly Odagmia ornata (Meig.) (Simuliidae) at low temperatures.

The effect of the suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores on larvae of the blackfly Odagmia ornata was studied in the laboratory and under field conditions of a natural biotope in southern Bohemia. The preparation Moskitur was used and its effect was tested in laboratory at temperatures 0.1-2.9 degrees C and 17-19 degrees C. Although O. ornata larvae were able to filter feed on a lethal dose of the preparation even at a lower temperature than 2.9 degrees C, no marked manifestation of mortality was observed at low temperatures in comparison with a control sample.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Simuliosis. Analysis of dermatological manifestations following blackfly (Simuliidae) bites as observed in the years 1981-1983 in Bratislava (Czechoslovakia).

On the basis of 3 years observation the author differentiates these 6 forms of dermatologic simuliosis: edematous form, erythematous-edematous, so-called erysipeloid form, inflammatory-indurative, so-called phlegmonoid form, haemorrhagic plaques, numerous haemorrhagic nodules, haemorrhagic vesicles. According to the analysis of the year 1983, the painful edematous and haemorrhagic forms occur most frequently.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1984

Blood meal enhanced onchocerca development and its correlation with fecundity in laboratory reared blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae).

Simulium ornatum s.l. is a natural vector of Onchocerca lienalis in Britain. These studies investigated the role of the blood meal on the development of the parasite in the thoracic musculature. Infection was by the standard technique of intrathoracic injection, allowing precise doses of microfilariae to be administered. Prior to infection flies were fed on bovine blood through a chick skin membrane. In 3 trials the number of O. lienalis larvae developing in non-blood fed flies was between 60.2 and 68.4% lower than in blood fed insects. The mean number of eggs recovered per fly ranged from 131.7 to 187.5 in infected groups. In uninfected control groups the levels ranged from 315.4 to 378.1 per fly. This represents reductions in fecundity of between 50.4 and 51.7% in infected groups of simuliids. It appears that in order to maintain relatively high levels of transmission an intermediate blood meal, between uptake of microfilariae and release of infective stage larvae, may be important. Furthermore, great care must be taken when using fecundity to assess the age of simuliids. Levels of parasitic infection may affect egg production to a much greater extent.

Animals↗