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PubMed1999

UVB irradiation stimulates deposition of new elastic fibers by modified epithelial cells surrounding the hair follicles and sebaceous glands in mice.

UVB irradiation stimulates the synthesis of elastin in the skin of humans and experimental animals. In this study we localized the site and the cells that are responsible for the synthesis of murine dermal elastic fibers. SKH-1 hairless mice were irradiated with UVB and the skin removed for light microscopy, electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical studies. In response to chronic low doses of UVB there was an initial moderate increase in tropoelastin mRNA in the papillary dermis. By contrast, there was a continuous marked elevation of collagen alpha1(I) message localizing to sites of inflammatory cell influx throughout the upper and lower dermis. After 25 wk of UV irradiation there was a 2-fold increase in skin elastin, yet total collagen remained unchanged. Serial desmosine analysis from en face sections indicated the increase in elastin content was due to dermal elastic fibers, an increase in the size and number of the dermal cysts, and an increase in subpanniculus elastic fibers. Elastin stains of en face sections suggested that the elastic fibers in the upper dermis were exclusively derived from cells lining the epithelial root sheath and sebaceous glands. In response to UV irradiation, the elastic fibers increased in number and size, wrapping around these structures and aligning in both directions as long fibers parallel to the body axis. Electron micrographs indicated that modified epithelial cells in close proximity to the flattened epithelial cells that encircled the root sheath and sebaceous glands were the source of the elastic fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Sequence of a novel cytochrome CYP2B cDNA coding for a protein which is expressed in a sebaceous gland, but not in the liver.

The major phenobarbital-inducible rat hepatic cytochromes P-450, CYP2B1 and CYP2B2, are the paradigmatic members of a cytochrome P-450 gene subfamily that contains at least seven additional members. Specific oligonucleotide probes for these genomic members of the CYP2B subfamily were used to assess their tissue-specific expression. In Northern-blot analysis a probe specific to gene 4 (which is designated now as CYP2B12) hybridized to a single mRNA present in the preputial gland, an organ which is used as a model for sebaceous glands, but did not hybridize to mRNA isolated from the liver or from five other tissues of untreated or Aroclor 1254-treated rats. The cDNA sequence for the CYP2B12 RNA was determined from overlapping cDNA clones and contained a long open reading frame of 1476 bp. The nucleotide sequence of the CYP2B12 cDNA was 85% similar to the sequence of the CYP2B1 cDNA in its coding region and was different from any CYP2B cDNA characterized until now. The cDNA-derived primary structure of the CYP2B12 protein contains a signal sequence for its insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum and the putative haem-binding site characteristic of cytochromes P-450. A part of the potential haem pocket of CYP2B12 was identical with a similar structure in a bacterial protocatechuate dioxygenase. In immunoblot analysis of preputial-gland microsomes, antibodies against CYP2B1 recognized a single abundant protein with a lower apparent molecular mass than that of CYP2B1. Our results demonstrate that the CYP2B12 protein has the potential to be enzymically active and are the first demonstration that a member of the CYP2B subfamily is expressed exclusively and at high levels in an extrahepatic organ.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus: report of three new cases and review of the literature.

Ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus are a very rare anomaly which have, until now, been described in only 14 living individuals. We describe here the macroscopic, pathological, and clinical features of three new endoscopically diagnosed cases of this benign condition. One of the three patients showed a very high number of lesions (more than 100) distributed throughout the esophagus. A review of the existing literature is presented and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural changes in sebaceous glands following treatment of cystic acne with isotretinoin.

Following 20 weeks of treatment with isotretinoin, sebaceous glands in patients with cystic acne shrank in size. The cells remaining in the sebaceous lobules were mainly mature lipid-filled cells, with some undifferentiated cells still present at the periphery. The ultrastructure of the glands 8 weeks after cessation of treatment was directly related to the drug dose given each patient. The larger the dose, the slower the return to pretreatment morphology. In those patients given a lower dose, most of the glands observed 2 months after treatment was stopped were similar in size to those seen prior to treatment.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Sebaceous gland tumors and internal malignancy in the context of Muir-Torre syndrome. A case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The Muir-Torre syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition and is currently considered a subtype of the more common hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, in which multiple primary malignancies occur together with sebaceous gland tumors. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a 62-year-old woman with three primary colorectal tumors, genital tumor, and sebaceous adenomas and present her family history of three generations. Our case represents the first case reported from Greece in the international literature. CONCLUSION: Recognition of the syndrome in patients with sebaceous gland tumors should facilitate early detection of subsequent malignancies if the patient is entered into appropriate screening programs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Sebaceous glands in the uterine cervix: two new cases.

The authors report on two new cases of sebaceous glands in the uterine cervix. This extremely rare histological observation was found on biopsy specimens of the uterine cervix because of unclear colposcopic findings and of recurrent CIN II. The etiology of this entity is discussed including a brief review of the medical literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Involvement of PPARgamma in oxidative stress-mediated prostaglandin E(2) production in SZ95 human sebaceous gland cells.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is thought to play a role in sebaceous gland cell function. We previously demonstrated in human epidermoid carcinoma KB cells that UVB irradiation activates PPARgamma via the generation of multiple oxidized glycerophosphocholine species with PPARgamma ligand activity. UVB-induced cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression was also shown to be PPARgamma-dependent. We therefore reasoned that PPARgamma activation and PPARgamma-dependent COX-2 expression may occur as a general consequence of oxidative stress. The present studies were designed to examine the effects of the oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH) on PPARgamma activation and COX-2 expression in SZ95 sebocytes. We first verified that functional PPARgamma is expressed and activated by UVB irradiation in these cells. We next demonstrated that TBH increased PPARgamma reporter activity in SZ95 sebocytes. Increased COX-2 protein, mRNA expression, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production was observed after TBH or PPARgamma agonist treatment. The ability of PPARgamma agonists and TBH to induce COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production was blocked by pretreatment with the specific PPARgamma antagonist GW9662. Finally, TBH and PPARgamma agonists failed to elicit a PGE(2) response in SZ95 sebocytes stably expressing a dominant-negative PPARgamma. This study illustrates the importance of the PPARgamma system in regulating cellular responses to oxidative stress.

Anilides↗
PubMed1998

[Sebaceous gland hyperplasia as a side effect of cyclosporin A. Treatment with the CO2 laser].

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: After renal transplantation 11 years previously followed by immunosuppression with cyclosporin A, a 59-year-old man developed, shortly after starting the medication, skin-coloured nodules in the region of both ears and the forehead. In the subsequent years the skin changes spread throughout the entire face. The nodes (up to 2 cm in diameter) and nodules were soft and yellowish-white in colour. In addition there were numerous distinct telangiectasias over the whole face. INVESTIGATIONS: Several skin biopsies were taken. They showed largely unremarkable epidermis but marked enlargement and multiplication of the sebaceous glands. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: In view of the histological findings the diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia was established. After a trial with carbon dioxide laser, treatment over the entire surface of the two auricles was undertaken under full anaesthesia. The normal auricular contour was reconstituted by removal of the papules and nodes, without any scar formation. CONCLUSION: In the absence of an alternative medication and if the very marked skin changes show no sign of regression, "shaving off" by scalpel of the nodes and nodules or conventional surgery has been the available treatment. However, removal by carbon dioxide laser has the advantage of fewer side effect, is less stressful to the patient and provides a dry operative field.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1998

The organ-maintained human sebaceous gland.

In the absence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and phenol red in the maintenance medium, human sebaceous glands apparently retain in vivo rates of cell division and lipogenesis over 7 days and also retain in situ morphology. This is reversible on the re-addition of 10 ng/ml EGF and 10 mg/ml phenol red. The addition of 600 pM 17 beta-oestradiol results in a significant fall in the rate of lipogenesis over 7 days' maintenance, without affecting the rate of cell division. This effect is apparently due to abnormal differentiation of newly formed sebocytes. Neither 1 nM testosterone nor 1 nM dihydrotestosterone has any effect on rates of cell division or lipogenesis over 7 days. 1 microM 13-cis-retinoic acid causes a significant reduction in the rate of lipogenesis over 7 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Control of sebaceous gland function in the rat by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

The effect of alpha-MSH on sebum secretion and preputial gland weight was examined in intact, castrated and hypophysectomized male rats and in hypophysectomized rats receiving treatment with either testosterone propionate (TP) or progesterone. After treatment with alpha-MSH for 2 weeks, increases in sebum secretion occurred in intact, castrated and hypophysectomized rats, but larger responses were found in the hypophysectomized rats that had received treatment with either TP or progesterone, suggesting that alpha-MSH acts synergistically with TP and progesterone to stimulate sebum secretion. Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone also increased preputial gland weight in intact rats, but there was no response after castration and only a small response after hypophysectomy. However, when the hypophysectomized rats received simultaneous treatment with either TP or progesterone, alpha-MSH increased preputial gland weight. It is suggested that alpha-MSH acts directly on the sebaceous glands to stimulate lipogenesis and, together with steroid hormones, may have an important role in controlling sebaceous glandd function in the rat and other hairy mammals. With the evolution of hair, certain of the MSH peptides may have lost their significance as pigmentary hormones and have developed a sebotrophic function. For this reason, it might be more appropriate to refer to these peptides as the 'sebotrophins'.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of levonorgestrel action on the flank organ and the sebaceous gland lipogenesis of female hamsters.

The role of testosterone and levonorgestrel action on the flank organ by measuring sebaceous gland lipogenesis of female hamsters by the metabolic incorporation of 14C-glucose were investigated. Also, a partial characterization of the radiolabeled lipid fraction was obtained. The effects of in vivo steroids administration were evaluated by 14C-U-glucose metabolic incorporation into lipids by the female hamster flank organs in culture conditions, in the presence or absence of LNG and/or T in the incubation medium. The radioactive lipids were identified by thin layer chromatography. Levonorgestrel alone or together with testosterone on female hamster flank organs decreased the organ weight and sebum content compared with T-treatment alone. In culture conditions, a rapid and significant increase of radiolabeled glucose was observed with T. By contrast when LNG was present in the incubation medium, no differences in 14C-U-glucose incorporation were observed when compared with their controls. When T+LNG were added, a similar result to the obtained when using LNG alone was determined. Testosterone increased glycerides and free fatty acids but decreased polar lipids; whereas LNG did not have any effect in the relative proportions of 14C-U-glucose incorporated into the different classes of lipids, when it was compared with their controls. The results indicated that LNG abolished the increasing effect of 14C glucose incorporation caused by T and changed the lipid composition induced on female hamsters flank organs.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Frequency and clinical features of visceral malignancy in a consecutive case series of patients with periocular sebaceous gland carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To report the frequency and clinical features of internal visceral malignancy in an unselected series of patients with sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC). METHODS: A non-comparative retrospective case series of consecutive patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of periocular sebaceous cell carcinoma treated at the University Eye Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg between 1981 and 2000. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were identified, each with one tumor. Men and women were almost equally affected with a mean age at diagnosis of 62 years (range 37-83 years). The majority of tumors were located in the upper lid, but five tumors were situated in the lower lid or caruncle. In 22 of the 23 patients the diagnosis at referral was either incorrect or not suspected. In all cases, the SGC was treated by surgical excision. In the systems review, 11 of the 23 patients (48%) had evidence of previous systemic malignancy, the most common being colorectal cancer followed by liver and bronchial carcinoma. Forty-five percent of patients with SGC and internal visceral malignancy eventually died as a result of their tumors. CONCLUSION: Periocular SGC remains an underdiagnosed entity for which a high level of clinical suspicion is critical for early recognition. Almost half the patients additionally had an internal visceral malignancy. Internal visceral malignancy in unselected patients with SGC may be more common and have a more guarded prognosis than has been appreciated.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cutaneous dermoid cyst: cytokeratin and filaggrin expression suggesting differentiation towards follicular infundibulum and mature sebaceous gland.

We experienced two cases of cutaneous dermoid cysts (DC). To elucidate the histogenesis of DC, we have studied cytokeratin (CK) expression in DC using ten different anti-keratin antibodies against CK1, 7, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, and anti-filaggrin (filament aggregating protein) antibody. In the cyst wall of DC, CK1 and 10 were expressed in suprabasal layer, and CK14 was limited to the basal layer. In sebaceous gland-like structures, CK14 was detected in sebaceous acinus, and CK17 was detected in sebaceous duct. The other CKs were not detected. Filaggrin was intensely detected in the granular layer in the cyst wall of DC. CK expression profile of DC was similar to follicular infundibulum and sebaceous gland. These results suggested that DC differentiates towards follicular infundibulum and mature sebaceous gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Agents that cause enlargement of sebaceous glands in hairless mice. I. Topical substances.

We have developed a simple murine model to measure the effects on sebaceous glands of a variety of substances commonly found in topical formulations. Applications (0.2 ml) were made daily to the flanks of hairless albino female mice, for time periods varying from 4 to 9 days. Biopsies, fixed for light microscopy, were stained with H & E. Under x400 magnification, the sebocytes comprising each gland were counted, from which the mean sebocyte count per gland was calculated. Electron micrographs were prepared to evaluate sebum production. The test substances, which included anionic and cationic surfactants, solvents and emulsifiers, almost invariably led to a rapid increase in the sebocyte count, peaking at day 5. Irritating substances, such as croton oil and benzalkonium chloride, had the greatest hyperplasiogenic effect, at least doubling the sebocyte count. Electron micrographs showed large increases in rough endoplasmic reticulum and in sebum droplets. Thus, hyperplasia appears to be a stereotypic response to diverse substances, especially if these have irritancy potential.

Administration, Topical↗