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[Rebellious, but much loved, needy students, requiring didactic quality and difficulty in preclinical education from the point of view of the medical students of Hamburg].

This paper reports the results of a retrospective evaluation of the quality of the preclinical undergraduate training by fifth year medical students at Hamburg Medical Faculty in 2001 by means of a standardized survey. The return rate was 88% (N = 150). Students were rather critical about the quality of their preclinical training as a whole. They critisize a decrease in study motivation and express the feeling that the preclincal phase was not very useful for their actual clinical training. They demand a more clinically and patient oriented education, smaller groups and less "cramming". The evaluation results concerning the single disciplines were more favorable for the most important subjects. Especially anatomy, followed by physiology were best rated both with regard to learning benefit and to didactic quality. Most student opinions did not depend on sex, age or examination results. A positive correlation between learning benefit, didactic quality and degree of difficulty was found: contrary to prejudice difficult courses were rated higher with regard to learning benefit and educational quality.

Anatomy↗

ADHD and college students: exploratory and confirmatory factor structures with student and parent data.

Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to investigate the structure of the Student Report Inventory (SRI) and Parent Report Inventory (PRI) of the College Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Response Evaluation. The sample was composed of 1,080 college students and their parents and was stratified by ethnicity, gender, ability level, age, grade, region of residence, and psychoeducational classification status. Results varied according to the information source (self-report vs. parent). EFA uncovered and CFA confirmed 3 distinct and reliable dimensions for student reports: Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity. By contrast, EFA and CFA uncovered a reliable 2-dimension structure for the parent-report data. Factor structures replicated across genders (3 factors for the SRI, and 2 factors for the PRI). Results are discussed in terms of the divergence of structures.

Adolescent↗

Students with mental illnesses in a university setting: faculty and student altitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and experiences.

Over the last decade, the topic of post-secondary supported education for people with severe and persistent mental illnesses has gained increasing attention and sparked interest in what colleges and universities can do to assist individuals with mental illnesses to achieve their educational goals. The purpose of this article is to discuss the issue and describe one university's strategy for improving the educational environment of students with psychiatric disabilities. We present findings from a survey designed to assess faculty and student attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and experiences with students identified as having a mental illness.

Adolescent↗

A study on the student pilot's mental workload due to personality types of both instructor and student.

The main purpose of this paper is to provide the ideal flight crew combination for instructor and student pilots in order to enhance the flight training effects based on Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) theory. In addition to personality, various levels of flight difficulty are considered in order to investigate their potential interaction effect in terms of student pilots' mental workload measured in heart rate, altitude deviation, NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) and subjective degree of personality harmony. Based on an experiment performed in a real flight situation, we found significant effects of personality combinations in terms of all four outcome measures. Both group C types of instructors and students who are concrete, realistic and have mechanical skills turn out to be the ideal flight crew combination. A structural equation model, fitted to analyse causality among the four response variables, implied that as the heart rate increased, the altitude deviation increased. In addition, as the altitude deviation and personality harmony increased, NASA-TLX increased. The results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for manning the flight crew combinations and thereby enhancing the efficiency of flight training.

Aviation↗

Medical student professionalism: are we measuring the right behaviors? A comparison of professional lapses by students and physicians.

BACKGROUND: Examining the relationship between unprofessional behaviors observed in medical students and those manifested by physicians is important in determining whether medical school faculty are observing and reporting behaviors relevant to medical practice. METHOD: This study compares the relationship between unprofessional behaviors identified in students at our medical school through Early Concern Notes, and behaviors for which physicians were sanctioned by our state medical board. RESULTS: The majority of reports in both groups were related to lapses in professional responsibility and integrity, and the specific behaviors identified in the groups were similar. A smaller number of reports in both groups were related to pursuit of excellence or personal interactions. CONCLUSION: There are common features to the professional shortcomings seen in students at our medical school and practicing physicians in our state. These similarities add credibility to our faculty's observations, and reinforce the relevance of monitoring such behaviors in future physicians.

Behavior↗

Inner city deprivation and medical education: a survey of medical students by medical students.

A total of 330 preclinical and clinical medical students and house officers at St Mary's Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire to assess their knowledge and experience of inner city deprivation and health, and their opinions on the role of the doctor in responding to these problems. The response rate was 87%. Over 75% of the respondents had had no experience of inner city living conditions before coming to medical school, and they gained little experience during the medical course until well into the clinical years. Most preclinical students wanted more contact with the community early in the course; less than one-third of the clinical students wanted this. The differences in knowledge and attitudes between the year groups are discussed and possible reorientation in medical education is considered.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Attitudes toward National Health Insurance: dentists, dental students, and dental hygiene students.

The attitudes toward National Health Insurance held by 126 second year dental students and 108 second year dental hygiene students enrolled in the state of Wisconsin, U.S.A., were measured and compared with the attitudes held by practicing dentists in the U.S.A. Although some similarities were noted, marked differences were revealed, with students, generally, preferring broader coverage and more government involvement than practicing dentists. There is virtually no published data in this area, and more research is needed, as the success or failure of any National Health Insurance plan depends critically on the attitudes of both health care providers and those studying to become health care providers.

Adult↗

Rates and predictors of sexual aggression among students and non-students.

The authors compared rates and predictors of sexual aggression for women attending college with those of women from the same population who were not attending college. Because it has been suggested that less parental monitoring at college may be associated with risky behaviors that contribute to sexual aggression, they also compared rates and predictors of sexual aggression for those living with parents versus not living with parents. The results showed that women living away from parents reported significantly higher rates of sexual aggression than women living with parents, regardless of student status. Logistic regression analyses showed that for student and non-student women, heavy episodic drinking and number of sex partners predicted past-year rape and/or attempted rape. The current results do not provide evidence that college is a uniquely risky environment for experiencing sexual aggression. Rather, the behaviors in which young women engage are associated with sexual aggression during this time period.

Adult↗

In conversation: high school students talk to students about tobacco use and prevention strategies.

The purpose of this multi-site qualitative study is to explore how adolescents talk about tobacco use. Sixty-six students in four high schools became co-researchers and led focus group interviews with 205 fellow students. From the interviews, the authors develop a story line that reports how adolescents begin smoking, how smoking becomes a pervasive influence, how attitudes form about smoking, what it means to be a smoker, and, ultimately, student suggestions for tobacco use prevention. Embedded within this story line are complex questions and contradictions. We explore whether peers really are influential, if the media is important, whether smoking is a matter of personal choice, if schools actually promote tobacco use, and whether adolescents can quit smoking.

Adolescent↗

Emergency psychiatry training for third-year medical students as reported by directors of medical student education in psychiatry.

BACKGROUND: Physicians can expect to confront a variety of psychiatric emergencies during their careers. However, medical schools are not required to teach emergency psychiatry and little is known about the content of existing instruction. PURPOSES: We conducted this survey to better understand the emergency psychiatry experiences provided to 3rd-year medical students. METHODS: Directors of medical student education in psychiatry at U.S. medical schools were mailed a 1-page questionnaire about their school's instruction in emergency psychiatry. RESULTS: We received 74 responses from the 122 U.S. medical schools (61%). All but 4 reported emergency psychiatry instruction. The number of hours and type of settings students were on-call varied greatly from school to school, as did the scope of faculty supervision. CONCLUSIONS: Most schools provide emergency psychiatry instruction, but methods vary among institutions. Given its importance, medical schools should work to provide uniformity in the way emergency psychiatry is taught.

Analysis of Variance↗

Preceptors' perspectives on benefits of precepting student pharmacists to students, preceptors, and the profession.

OBJECTIVES: To educate pharmacists on the shortage of quality preceptors and the benefits received from precepting; present insights from successful preceptors and offer guidance to current and prospective preceptors; and encourage pharmacists to become preceptors and mentor aspiring pharmacy professionals. SETTING: Advanced experiential settings for Nova Southeastern, Ohio Northern, and Creighton Universities. PRACTICE DESCRIPTIONS: Hospital, community, and outpatient clinic settings. PRACTICE INNOVATION: Successful incorporation of student pharmacists and the experiential process into pharmacy practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Not applicable. RESULTS: A variety of factors has produced an increased demand for qualified pharmacist preceptors, including workload issues, an increasing number of pharmacy schools, and an increased experiential load in the pharmacy school curricula. Characteristics of quality preceptors include demonstrating enthusiasm in their teaching, being open to questions, and providing constructive feedback. Sites and preceptors can benefit from teaching student pharmacists by receiving assistance in developing and maintaining clinical services, sensing the satisfaction of giving back to the profession, and material rewards provided by schools of pharmacy. In this article, three successful preceptors share their perspectives and insights about precepting, and a professional organization perspective is included to highlight the support for precepting student pharmacists. CONCLUSION: Additional introductory and advanced quality pharmacy experiential practice sites are needed, and pharmacists are encouraged to contact nearby pharmacy schools to become preceptors.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Body-image distortion among male and female American and Costa Rican students and female Japanese students.

395 American male and female high school and college students, 286 Costa Rican male and female high school students, and 127 Japanese female college students were tested for body-image distortion using a computer-based body-image distortion task. A reliable negative relationship between stature and body-image distortion was observed. No reliable differences in body-image distortion were observed between different sex or cultural groups.

Adult↗

Higher trait- and state-anxiety in female law students than male law students.

To assess sex differences in anxiety, law students completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to rating one-panel printed comics for humor level or copying text. Subjects completed the State-Anxiety subscale following the task. Although the humor-rating task was not more effective in reducing state anxiety than the copying task, scores on the anxiety subscales indicated that women law students scored consistently and significantly higher than men on both pretask measures and on the posttask measure. This finding is consistent with results from other studies in which other instruments were given. Analyses showed elevated anxiety and stress among preprofessional women; this supports the need for stress-management programs for law students.

Adult↗

Pilot investigation of the utility of a student response system in medical student lectures.

An evaluation of a student response system was undertaken to investigate its effect on lectures. Use of the system in lectures at the University of Wales College of Medicine (UWCM) was observed for a trial period. Analyses of these observations, and the opinions of lecturers and students who used the system suggest that the system improves upon the 'conventional' lecture in various ways. Such benefits, and some limitations, are discussed. It is suggested that student response systems such as the one described may be a step towards making 'the lecture' a more effective medium for teaching.

Attention↗

Students' self-identified learning needs: a case study of baccalaureate students designing their own death and dying course curriculum.

The knowledge needed to provide competent care to dying clients and their families and to meet the established criteria for effective death and dying curricula was explored by junior-level and senior-level baccalaureate honors students, who identified their own learning needs and resources. After completing the self-designed curriculum, student-identified learning needs were compared to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing competencies for providing high-quality end-of-life care. Analysis of the student-identified objectives revealed a high level of congruity with the nationally established competencies.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

[Female students and medical and dental student magazines].

Female students participation in the magazines edited by the Students Centers of Medicine and Odontology is analysed in this work. For the first one it's considered the period 1901-1909 and for the second one, the study includes the years 1914-1958. In both cases the different periods of the publication are explained, mentioning the female students actuation. The author encloses the corresponding bibliography.

Argentina↗

[Ambitious students and children from better families? Medical students at the University of Bergen].

This article is based on three surveys among two student populations at the University of Bergen; freshmen in autumn 1986; sophomores in 1988, and postgraduates in spring 1987. The objective is to describe the general characteristics and life of medical students compared with other students. The article takes up crucial topics such as transition from upper secondary school to university, time spent on studying and on paid work, financial status, living standard, self-esteem, self-perception, grades, gender and social background.

Adult↗

Senior medical students as patient-preceptors to introduce basic history and physical examination skills to second year medical students.

Senior medical students are used as the patient and the preceptor to introduce the fundamentals of history taking and physical examination to sophomore medical students and this technique compared to the established method for teaching basic skills at the University of Iowa. Senior medical students were equally as effective as staff (residents, fellows, and faculty) in teaching the techniques of history and physical examination and statistically better than staff in providing the sophomore with a) suggestions as to how to improve their technique, and b) how their approach might affect the patient's attitude and behavior.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗