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PubMed1988

[Scorpions and scorpion stings in Jordan].

The scorpion fauna of Jordan consists of fourteen species belonging to three families (Buthidae, Scorpionidae and Diplocentridae), of which three species are poisonous: Leiurus quinquestriatus, Adroctonus crassicauda and Buthus occitanus. A key to all species is included. Five hundred and forty-seven cases of scorpion stings were reported during 1982-1985, including two fatalities. Clinical data for sixteen cases treated at the Jordan University Hospital are summarized. In Jordan human and cultural customs are related to scorpion stings. Sting accidents according to age groups and seasons are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Hemolysis and acute renal failure following a Portuguese man-of-war sting.

Portuguese man-of-war stings occur frequently at North American beaches. Most produce only local pain and pruritus. A 4-year-old girl who developed a hemolytic reaction and acute renal failure following a severe sting is described. As neither sequela has been previously reported, it is speculated that either the large dose of venom or chance intravenous inoculation may have been responsible. Evidence of hemolysis should be sought in small children with extensive Portuguese man-of-war stings.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

[Atopy and generalized allergic reactions to insect stings].

458 patients with systemic allergic reactions following hymenoptera stings were investigated with regard to the incidence of atopic disease. Personal atopy (13.7%) and a family history of atopy (26.4%) were not found more frequently than in a normal population. The age of the first manifestation of hymenoptera sting allergy was however significantly lower in atopic than in non-atopic patients, sensitization occurred following a smaller number of stings and there was a preponderance of respiratory symptoms.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Insect stings.

Recently, significant gains have been made in the care of the patient allergic to stinging insects. Though epinephrine continues to be the drug of choice for the management of the anaphylactic reaction, newer delivery systems allow self-administration of the drug immediately following a sting to abort or attenuate a subsequent reaction. Patients most at risk, those with a history of life-threatening episodes of anaphylaxis following a sting, can be diagnosed and treated with the recently released Hymenoptera venoms with the expectation of excellent results. This success, however, has been accompanied by the frustration of not knowing the natural course of the disease in sufficient detail to counsel in cases of less dramatic insect hypersensitivity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Treatment failures with whole-body extract therapy of insect sting allergy.

Whole-body extracts (WBEs) remain in widespread use for therapy of insect sting anaphylaxis two years after the approval of Hymenoptera venoms. We have reviewed our experience with WBEs in our patient population. Of 250 patients who received WBE, 115 had subsequent stings. Systemic allergic reactions occurred in 65% large local reactions in 23%, and no reaction in 12%. There was no consistent change in the severity of systemic reactions during WBE treatment. Systemic reaction occurred less commonly in younger persons or after at least two years of WBE treatment. We conclude that WBE is not effective for the prevention of allergic insect sting reactions. The natural history of the disease may account for its apparent efficacy in young people or those having prolonged WBE therapy. Venom immunotherapy is safe and rapidly effective and is the only protective treatment recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Fatalities from insect stings in Switzerland 1978 to 1987].

In the years 1978 to 1987 29 patients died in Switzerland following hymenoptera strings, most usually from honey bees and wasps (vespula). The vast majority of these fatalities were due to one single sting and thus most probably caused by IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Three quarters of the victims were male. The mean age was 60 and most of the patients had a history or autopsy evidence of preexisting cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. Death occurred within 30 minutes of the sting in 50% and within 4 hours in 75% of the victims. Of the 10 patients with previously known hymenoptera sting allergy, none had a suitable emergency kit available when stung and none was on venom immunotherapy. Treatment by the emergency physician must be regarded as inadequate in one third of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Hymenoptera sting anaphylaxis: detection and clinical significance of individual bee and wasp venoms specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies.

In Japan, an average of 37 fatalities per year related to bee or wasp stings were reported during the years 1979-1988. To confirm fatal anaphylaxis serologically, we measured bee or wasp venom specific IgE (sIgE) and IgG4 (sIgG4) antibodies in the sera of 22 patients who visited hospitals with either allergic or anaphylactic reactions after bee or wasp stings by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Specific IgE or IgG4 antibodies against Polistes apachus (Paper wasp) and/or a mixture of Polistes annularis, P. exceramans, P. fuscatus, and P. metricus venoms of Polistes genus were detected in 11 patients and the detection frequencies were the highest among positive antibodies against bee or wasp venoms. The severity of allergic reactions was graded from 0-4 according to Mueller. The detection frequencies of sIgE in Mueller grade 0-3 patients were in the range of 33% to 67%, and in grade 4 were 100%. Whereas, the detection frequency of sIgG4 was high (67-100%) in grade 2-4 patients. Especially high levels of sIgE and sIgG4 were detected in patients experiencing the most severe clinical reactions. The detection of venom specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies appears to be useful when determining bee or wasp stings as the cause of fatalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Risk factors for allergy to hymenoptera stings].

Hymenoptera stings are common and potentially serious. The clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of allergy to hymenoptera venom are being better and better understood. A retrospective descriptive enquiry of hymenoptera stings in 270 consultations in a Central General Hospital has established three risk factors in the possibility of a serious reaction (R.A.G.): Men: 2.4 times more allergic reactions (R.A.). Severity of R.A. increases with age, especially after 50 years. Hornet stings have a risk 5 times greater than that of bees and 4.3 times greater than wasp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Case reports and mini review of bee stings of the cornea.

Bee stings of the eye are not uncommon. Quite a few clinical case reports have documented the various ocular reactions to the venom of the bee stings, which may range from mild conjunctivitis to sudden loss of vision. This report presents 2 patients who suffered bee stings to the cornea and their different outcomes. The properties of bee venom as well as the treatment of various possible complications are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Prolonged interval immunotherapy of Hymenoptera sting allergy.

Sixty-six patients receiving hyposensitizing allergy injections for hymenoptera sting allergy had the interval between these injections prolonged to eight weeks or longer. Thirty of these patients received 67 subsequent stings without difficulty. The author concludes that this method of treatment is an effective safe method of managing insect sting allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scorpion stings outbreaks in recently constructed urban dwellings inhabitants].

Scorpion stings are unfrequent in Chile. Most of cases occur in rural areas during the warm season. Clinical manifestations have a low to moderate intensity and consist in local pain and inflammation, sometimes associated with headache and hyperthermia. Two autbreaks of scorpion stings--affecting six and five adult residents (18-42 years old) of recently built urban dwelling complexes--have been recorded in Chile in summertime of 1957 and 1998. The first took place in the town of Maipú and the second in Villa Alborada sites respectively 10 and 150 km South of the city of Santiago. The Maipú dwelling complex was constituted by 112 one story houses in which lived 504 people. In Villa Alborada live 1,050 persons distributed in 158 apartments, 86 of which are in the main floor and in 26 of these last the occupants have observed scorpions inside. All the 11 cases occurred into the dwelling: four when sleeping at night, three performing different activities (trying to find a tool, searching a kee, housekeeping), two when putting their shoes, and two walking with bare feet in dormitory. In all the cases the causative scorpion was observed, captured or destroyed. Identification of six specimens from Maipú corresponded to Brachistoternus ehrenbergi and of two from Villa Alborada to Bothriurus borrelianus. All the patients presented mild to moderate symptomatology. Treatment consisted basically in oral antihistamanic and/or antinflammatory tablets. Recovery was observed within one to seven days with a mean of three days. Prophylactic measures consisted in health education and physical destruction of scorpions in Maipú and insecticide spraying on floors of basement apartments and surrounding areas in Villa Alborada. Though the majority of accidents by scorpion stings happens in rural areas, also may occur in urban areas--rural in the near past--where dwellings have been constructed in fields which in not to much preterit times constituted the habitat of the referred arthropod, phenomenom that have occurred in summertime in the two dwelling complexes described in the present communication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

tRNA m1A modification orchestrates STING translation in macrophages to enhance antitumor immunity and CAR-macrophage immunotherapy.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in tumor progression. However, the mechanisms underlying the posttranscriptional regulation of TAMs remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Trmt61a, the "writer" enzyme of tRNA N1-methyladenosine (m1A) modification, is highly expressed in proinflammatory macrophages in tumor microenvironment. We generated conditional knockout (KO) mice for Trmt61a and observed that Trmt61a deletion in macrophages significantly promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, we identified that m1A maintains the translation of STING, enhances STING-TBK1-IFN-β signaling in macrophages and therefore suppresses tumor cell growth. We further generated TRMT61A-overexpressing human iPSC-derived CAR-macrophage and demonstrated that human TRMT61A effectively promoted antitumor CAR-macrophage therapy in vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of tRNA m1A modification in macrophages, highlighting the antitumor therapeutic potential of targeting tRNA m1A modification in macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Direct and ecological costs of resistance and tolerance in the stinging nettle.

Plant resistance and tolerance to herbivores, parasites, pathogens, and abiotic factors may involve two types of costs. First, resistance and tolerance may be costly in terms of plant fitness. Second, resistance and tolerance to multiple enemies may involve ecological trade-offs. Our study species, the stinging nettle ( Urtica dioicaL.) has significant variation among seed families in resistance and tolerance as well as costs of resistance and tolerance to the holoparasitic plant Cuscuta europaea L. Here we report on variation among seed families (i.e. genetic) in tolerance to nutrient limitation and in resistance to both mammalian herbivores (i.e. number of stinging trichomes) and an invertebrate herbivore (i.e. inverse of the performance of a generalist snail, Arianta arbustorum). Our results indicate direct fitness costs of snail resistance in terms of host reproduction whereas we did not detect fitness costs of mammalian resistance or tolerance to nutrient limitation. We further tested for ecological trade-offs among tolerance or resistance to the parasitic plant, herbivore resistance, and tolerance to nutrient limitation in the stinging nettle. Tolerance of nettles to nutrient limitation and resistance to mammalian herbivores tended to correlate negatively. However, there were no significant correlations among resistance and tolerance to the different natural enemies (i.e. parasitic plants, snails, and mammals). The results of this greenhouse study thus suggest that resistance and tolerance of nettles to diverse enemies are free to evolve independently of each other but not completely without direct costs in terms of plant fitness.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Nettle sting of Urtica dioica for joint pain--an exploratory study of this complementary therapy.

This exploratory study aims to explore the present use of the common stinging nettle to treat joint pain. Eighteen self-selected patients using the nettle sting of Urtica dioica were interviewed. Information regarding patients' use of nettle therapy was elicited, in particular mode of application, dosage and effects. All except one respondent were sure that netles had been very helpful and several considered themselves cured. No observed side effects were reported, except a transient urticarial rash. This exploratory study suggests nettle sting is a useful, safe and cheap therapy which needs further study. A randomized controlled trial is planned in collaboration with a rheumatology specialist.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effects of stinging nettle root extracts and their steroidal components on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase of the benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The effects of organic-solvent extracts of Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase of the tissue of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were investigated. The membrane Na+,K(+)-ATPase fraction was prepared from a patient with BPH by a differential centrifugation of the tissue homogenate. The enzyme activity was inhibited by 10(-4)-10(-5) M of ouabain. The hexane extract, the ether extract, the ethyl acetate extract, and the butanol extract of the roots caused 27.6-81.5% inhibition of the enzyme activity at 0.1 mg/ml. In addition, a column extraction of stinging nettle roots using benzene as an eluent afforded efficient enzyme inhibiting activity. Steroidal components in stinging nettle roots, such as stigmast-4-en-3-one, stigmasterol, and campesterol inhibited the enzyme activity by 23.0-67.0% at concentrations ranging from 10(-3)-10(-6) M. These results suggest that some hydrophobic constituents such as steroids in the stinging nettle roots inhibited the membrane Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of the prostate, which may subsequently suppress prostate-cell metabolism and growth.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain.

There are numerous published references to use of nettle sting for arthritis pain but no randomized controlled trials have been reported. We conducted a randomized controlled double-blind crossover study in 27 patients with osteoarthritic pain at the base of the thumb or index finger. Patients applied stinging nettle leaf (Urtica dioica) daily for one week to the painful area. The effect of this treatment was compared with that of placebo, white deadnettle leaf (Lamium album), for one week after a five-week washout period. Observations of pain and disability were recorded for the twelve weeks of the study. After one week's treatment with nettle sting, score reductions on both visual analogue scale (pain) and health assessment questionnaire (disability) were significantly greater than with placebo (P = 0.026 and P = 0.0027).

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anaphylatic reactions to ant stings]

OBJECTIVE: Relate the occurrence of severe anaphylactic reactions caused by ant stings.METHODS: Case report of severe anaphylactic reaction caused by multiple ant stings, and revision of the literature (Medline and Lilacs). RESULTS: A male patient, white, 2 years-old, suffered multiple stings of small red ants of the species Solenopsis invictas, with the occurrence of severe anaphylactic reactions, and resulting in cortical blindness as a neurological sequel. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of such events, not very rare, should be taken in consideration by physicians, once such insects are common in our environment, and their sting can result, sometimes, in severe anaphylactic reactions.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of burning and stinging from a novel first-aid formulation applied to experimental wounds.

Antiseptic-anesthetic first aid formulations typically produce a burning or stinging sensation when used on wounds. The aim of this study was to assess the lack of sting/burn potential of a prototype first-aid wipe when applied to superficial wounds. This was a one-day, double-blind, randomized study, evaluating the stinging/burning sensation from a prototype first-aid wipe with a cellulose base containing 1.0% pramoxine HCL and 0.13% benzalkonium chloride. The study followed a direct comparison test design of four test formulations. The remaining three articles were: (a) sterile 0.9% sodium chloride (no-sting/no-burn control), (b) 3% hydrogen peroxide (first-aid sting/burn control), and (c) 70% isopropyl alcohol (second sting/burn control). The test was performed on 24 subjects. The tape stripping method was used to create four standardized wounds on the volar forearms, reaching the glistening layer. Each test article was applied to the wound for 15 seconds. The subjects were asked to report the intensity of the stinging/burning sensation during the application. The prototype pramoxine-benzalkonium chloride wipe produced significantly less stinging/burning than both 70% isopropyl alcohol and 3% hydrogen peroxide. Also, the prototype wipe did not produce more stinging and burning in superficial wounds compared to the saline control.

Administration, Topical↗