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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A short form of the Autonomy Scale: properties of the Autonomy-Connectedness Scale (ACS-30).

The Autonomy Scale (Bekker, 1993) measures individual differences in gender-linked autonomy, a psychological condition resulting from the process of individuation and separation. The theoretical background of the concept is found in a combination of feminist, neoanalytical object relations theory and attachment theory. The 3 subscales are Self-Awareness, Sensitivity to Others, and Capacity for Managing New Situations. We report the development and properties of the Autonomy-Connectedness Scale (ACS-30), a shortened 30-item version of the Autonomy Scale. We present 2 studies. In the first study, we examined the structure of the scale as well as its validity and reliability. The second study was aimed at further validation by relating the ACS-30 to various indexes of psychopathology. Exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a 3-factor structure that was identical to that of the original scale. The ACS-30 showed good internal consistency reliability and an expected pattern of convergent validity with personality and mental health variables. The psychometric properties of the ACS-30 suggest it can be used to assess gender-linked autonomy. It also has the advantage of being more economical and simple as compared with the original 50-item version.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

An arousal interval scale: a psychophysical scale for GSR analysis.

An interval scale method of measuring GSR is presented, which measures only deflections without correction for base level. The scale is derived from psychophysics. A distinction is made between the psychological meaning a GSR is given and its physical measurement. This paper asserts, on the basis of empirical studies, that GSR measures the hypothetical construct arousal. Therefore, scales of physical units are unjustified. A review of the literature finds that GSR does not conform to Wilder's (1962) Law of Initial Values. Therefore, an interval scale assuming base level as a "zero" of convenience is justified. Extensions of the use of such an interval scale are discussed.

Arousal↗
PubMed1989

Vibrotactile threshold shift during magnitude-estimation scaling on the hand: effects on magnitude-estimation responses and scaling behavior.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether threshold shifts occurred during magnitude-estimation scaling of suprathreshold stimuli presented to the thenar eminence of the right hand. Possible relationships of the vibrotactile threshold shifts to suprathreshold stimulus intensity, magnitude-estimation responses, and over-all scaling behavior were explored. A single group of 14 subjects whose ages ranged from 18 to 22 yr. participated. Each subject performed two magnitude-estimation tasks. In one of the tasks threshold of sensitivity was determined after every suprathreshold numerical response of the subject. If a threshold shift was recorded, threshold was allowed to return to pretest baseline level before continuation to the next suprathreshold stimulus presentation. Analysis showed that threshold shift did occur during vibrotactile magnitude-estimation scaling on the hand and that it was related to suprathreshold stimulus intensity. Results also showed that the subjects' numerical magnitude-estimation responses and over-all scaling behavior in the form of power function exponents were not statistically different for the two scaling tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Concurrent validity between the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale and the McCarthy scales.

The correlation between scores on the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale and on the McCarthy scales was calculated for 68 kindergarten children from three nursery schools in a lower-class urban area. Analysis indicated significant correlations for the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale with Perceptual-Performance, Quantitative, Motor Scales and General Cognitive Index and negligible values (.14 to .15) between Columbia scale and McCarthy Verbal and Memory subscales. The implications are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Structure of personality disorders from the perspective of the Revised Neo Personality Inventory domain scales and the Psychopathology-5 Scales.

This study tested the generality and comprehensiveness of the five-factor model of personality as applied to the Personality Adjective Checklist's (Strack, 1987) personality disorder scales. A sample of 258 undergraduates (113 men and 145 women) completed the Personality Adjective Checklist, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the Psychopathology-5 Scales for partial course credit. A combined principal axis analysis with varimax rotation was performed for nonoverlapping scales of the Personality Adjective Checklist, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory domain scales and the Psychopathology-5 scales. The results indicated four factors which were identified as Neuroticism, Extraversion, Disagreebleness, and Conscientiousness. Openness did not emerge as a separate factor. These results supported the comprehensiveness but not the generality of the five-factor model as applied to personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS): comparison with Kupperman index and quality-of-life scale SF-36.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate further the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) for scoring menopausal symptoms by comparison with other instruments relevant for women in their menopausal transition: the Kupperman index and the quality-of-life scale SF-36. METHOD: A population sample of 306 women, who had been randomly selected from an initially representative survey of German women (aged 40-60), completed three questionnaires in 1997: the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), the Kupperman index and the short form-36 (SF-36). RESULTS: A comparison of the MRS with the Kupperman index produced a high correlation of raw scores (r = 0.91). The highest association of scores (80%) was found in the highest quartile of the MRS. The terms 'mild', 'moderate' and 'severe', relating to the degree of severity of menopausal symptoms, reflect different contents and spread in each scale, i.e. are not directly comparable. There is a strikingly good association between the subscales of the SF-36 and the MRS. The MRS correlates best with those dimensions of the SF-36 that are highly relevant for women in the menopausal transition. For this reason, the MRS can be utilized as an age- and condition-specific quality-of-life instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The Menopause Rating Scale is a valuable modern tool for the assessment of menopausal complaints. It combines in practice excellent applicability and good reliability, and there are normal values for the population available. The MRS could serve as an adequate diagnostic instrument for menopausal quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lingual vibrotactile threshold shift during magnitude-estimation scaling: effects on magnitude-estimation responses and scaling behavior.

The purpose of the present study was to determine if lingual vibrotactile threshold shifts occurred during magnitude-estimation scaling of suprathreshold stimuli presented to the dorsal surface of the tongue. Possible relationships of the lingual vibrotactile threshold shifts to suprathreshold stimulus intensity, magnitude-estimation responses, and overall scaling behavior were explored. A single group of 24 subjects with an age range of 18 to 22 years participated in this study. Each subject performed two magnitude-estimation tasks. In one of the tasks, threshold of sensitivity was determined after every suprathreshold numerical response of the subject. If a threshold shift was recorded, threshold was allowed to return to the pretest baseline level before continuing to the next suprathreshold stimulus presentation. The results showed that threshold shift did occur during lingual vibrotactile magnitude-estimation scaling, and that it was related to suprathreshold stimulus intensity. The results also showed that the numerical magnitude-estimation responses of the subjects were different for the two scaling tasks. Overall scaling behavior of the subjects in the form of power-function exponents was not different for the two tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Constrained scaling: the effect of learned psychophysical scales on idiosyncratic response bias.

We report seven experiments in which subjects were trained to respond with numbers to the loudness of 1000-Hz pure tones according to power functions with exponents of 0.60, 0.30, and 0.90. Subjects were then presented with stimuli from other continua (65-Hz pure tones or 565-nm lights varying in amplitude) and were asked to judge the subjective magnitude of these stimuli on the same numerical scale. Stimuli from the training continuum were presented, with feedback, on every other trial in order to maintain the trained scale. Except for the 0.90 scale, subjects readily learned the predetermined scales and were able to use them to judge the non-training stimuli with group results consistent with those usually reported. Also, in contrast to the usual magnitude estimation results, these results produced extremely low levels of intersubject variability. We argue that such learned scales can be used as "rulers" for measuring perceived magnitudes, according to a common unit.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1988

Poxvirus in scaled quail and prevalences of poxvirus-like lesions in northern bobwhites and scaled quail from Texas.

Prevalences of poxvirus-like lesions were determined for 177 northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and 24 scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) trapped in southern Texas from 1976 to 1979 and for 190 northern bobwhites and 105 scaled quail shot at five locations in southern Texas from 1980 to 1981. None of the northern bobwhites trapped in 1976-1977 was infected, but 54% of the trapped scaled quail were infected; 17% of the northern bobwhites and 34% of the scaled quail shot in 1980-1981 had pox lesions, primarily on the wings. Prevalence was unrelated to sex or age of birds. For both species, prevalence was greatest during late spring and early summer. Histologic and electron microscopic examination confirmed poxvirus in two scaled quail, which constituted the first report of poxvirus in this species.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain assessment in Nigerians--Visual Analogue Scale and Verbal Rating Scale compared.

The usefulness of 2 methods of pain assessment was determined in a cohort of Nigerians who had pain as a symptom and were receiving physiotherapy for various indications. The English and Yoruba versions of two Pain Rating Scales, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) with 1 to 4 or 1 to 5 intensity scales (VRS-4 or VRS-5) were employed for the assessment of pain in 100 patients. The mean pain score on the 4-point VRS scale was 2.49 +/- 0.72, for the 5-point VRS 2.1 +/- 1.18 and for the VAS 4.93 +/- 2.5. Correlation analysis for corresponding groups of patients showed a significant positive relationship between the VAS and VRS-4 (r = 0.68 P < 0.001) VAS and VRS-5 (r = 0.64 P < 0.001) indicating that both VAS and VRS constitute useful tools for pain assessment in Nigerian patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain assessment in Nigerians--visual analogue scale and verbal rating scale compared.

The usefulness of 2 methods of pain assessment was determined in a cohort of Nigerians who had pain as a symptom and were receiving physiotherapy for various indication. The English and Yoruba versions of two Pain Rating Scales, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) with 1 to 4 or 1 to 5 intensity scales (VRS-4 or VRS-5) were employed for the assessment of pain in 100 patients. The mean Pain Score on the 4-point VRS Scale was 2.49 +/- 0.72 for the 5-point VRS 2.1 +/- 1.18 and for the VAS 4.93 +/- 2.5. Correlation analysis for corresponding groups of patients showed a significant positive relationship between the VAS and VRS-4 (r = 0.68 P<0.001) VAS and VRS-5 (r = 0.64 P <0.001) indicating that both VAS and VRS constitute useful tools for pain assessment in Nigerian patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The construct validity of the Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale. Does this scale measure somatic malingering and feigned emotional distress?

The Fake Bad Scale (FBS [Psychol. Rep. 68 (1991) 203]) was created from MMPI-2 items to assess faking of physical complaints among personal injury claimants. Little psychometric information is available on the measure. This study was conducted to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the FBS using MMPI-2 profiles from six settings: Psychiatric Inpatient (N=6731); Correctional Facility (N=2897); Chronic Pain Program (N=4408); General Medical (N=5080); Veteran's Administration Hospital Inpatient (N=901); and Personal Injury Litigation (N=157). Most correlations of the FBS and raw scores on the MMPI-2 were positive with correlations among the validity scales being lower than correlations among the clinical and content scales. The FBS was most strongly correlated with raw scores on Hs, D, Hy, HEA, and DEP. When the more conservative cutoff of 26 was used, the FBS classified 2.4-30.6% of individuals as malingerers. The highest malingering classification was for the women's personal injury sample (37.9%) while the lowest was among male prison inmates (2.3%). Compared to men, in most samples, almost twice as many women were classified as malingerers. The results indicate that the FBS is more likely to measure general maladjustment and somatic complaints rather than malingering. The rate of false positives produced by the scale is unacceptably high, especially in psychiatric settings. The scale is likely to classify an unacceptably large number of individuals who are experiencing genuine psychological distress as malingerers. It is recommended that the FBS not be used in clinical settings nor should it be used during disability evaluations to determine malingering.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of lung function tests with dyspnoea scale, 12 minute walking test and visual analogue scale in patients with COPD.

Twenty-five patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema were studied in an attempt to evaluate clinical methods for rating dyspnoea. Whereas the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale and the 12-minute walking test showed good correlation with pulmonary function tests, the visual analogue scale (VAS) did not. When the dyspnoea scales were compared with one another, the MRC scale and the VAS and the MRC scale and 12 minute walking test showed good correlation with one another.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Simultaneous analyses of the Freiburg Personality Inventory short form, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Giessen Test and Berger Scales--a contribution to the diagnostic value of the scales in assessing self acceptance and acceptance of others].

To verify the diagnostical value of the German version of the Berger scales for assessing self acceptance and acceptance of others, the scales and the short form of the "Freiburger Persönlichkeits Inventar" (FPI-K), the German version of the EPI, and the Giessen-Test were presented to a sample of 107 subjects. The data were evaluated by item analysis, correlational analysis, factor analysis, and NMDS. The results--in some degree a replication of earlier studies--prove the practicability of both constructs: The self acceptance scale assesses a positive self-image with a strong extraverted component, the acceptance of others scale shows negative relations to the aggression scales of the FPI-K. Besides this the NMDS can demonstrate a component of social desirability. The integration of both constructs into traditional concepts of personality is discussed in connection with the NMDS.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Self-rating of pain in nonulcer dyspepsia. A methodological study comparing a new fixed-point scale and the visual analogue scale.

Little attention has been paid to methodological aspects in the recording of gastrointestinal symptoms. We compared a new fixed-point scale for the self-recording of pain intensity with steps operationally linked to behavioral events and with additional monitoring of pain duration--termed the "duration-intensity-behavior scale" (DIBS)--with the visual analogue scale (VAS) in 32 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. After randomization, the patients either recorded pain intensity (VAS) or pain intensity and duration (DIBS) four times daily during a 4-week period for 1 preliminary week without medication, followed by 3 weeks of antacid treatment. For both scales there was a high degree of compliance, and they seemed equally reliable and sensitive to changes in pain experience. Since DIBS yields more clinically useful information, this scale appears to be preferable for the monitoring of gastrointestinal pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Screening for depression in elderly primary care patients. A comparison of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale.

BACKGROUND: Later-life depressive disorders are a major public health problem in primary care settings. A validated screening instrument might aid in the recognition of depression. However, available findings from younger patients may not generalize to older persons, and existing studies of screening instruments in older patient samples have suffered substantial methodological limitations. METHODS: One hundred thirty patients 60 years or older attending 3 primary care internists' practices participated in the study. Two screening scales were used: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Third Edition, Revised, was used to establish "gold standard" diagnoses including major and minor depressive disorders. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to determine each scale's operating characteristics. RESULTS: Both the CES-D and the GDS had excellent properties in screening for major depression. The optimum cutoff point for the CES-D was 21, yielding a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 87%. The optimum cutoff point for the GDS was 10, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 84%. A shorter version of the GDS had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 81% using a cutoff point of 5. All scales lost accuracy when used to detect minor depression or the presence of any depressive diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The CES-D and the GDS have excellent properties for use as screening instruments for major depression in older primary care patients. Because the GDS's yes or no format may ease administration, primary care clinicians should consider its routine use in their practices.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["Repty" stroke scale . "Repty" Scale for the evaluation of the degree of injury after cerebral stroke. Part I].

Own modification of stroke scale, which enables evaluation of impairment in hemiplegic patients is presented. The scale named "Repty" consists of 15 items, including bowel and bladder function, enables precise evaluation of neurological impairments. The comparison between "Repty" scale and Orgogozo scale was carried out. Interobserver agreement and correlation between both scales was calculated.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Screening for late life depression: cut-off scores for the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia among Japanese subjects.

BACKGROUND: Proper screening of depression among older adults depends on accurate cut-off scores. Recent articles have recommended the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) for this screening. However, there has been no investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of either scale using Japanese subjects. The purpose of the present study was to identify appropriate GDS and CSDD cut-offs for Japanese older adults. METHODS: The GDS and the CSDD were interview-administered to nondepressed Japanese older adults (n = 74) and to Japanese older adults with a SCID-IV diagnosis of major or minor depression (n = 37). Depressed subjects were also administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Data were also collected on demographic variables, mental status, health status, and medication use. RESULTS: ROC curve analysis identified a cut-off score of 6 for the GDS which had a sensitivity of 0.973, a specificity of 0.959, a False Positive Rate (FPR) of 0.894, and a False Negative Rate (FNR) of 0. A cutoff score of 5 for the CSDD yielded a sensitivity of 1, a specificity of 0.919, a FPR of 0.942, and a FNR of 0. Comparisons indicate current HDRS cut-offs may overlook subthreshold depression. The GDS cut-off score identified among Japanese subjects was the same as that reported for Western subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the substantial prevalence of psychiatric disorders found in false-negative subjects, the above cut-off scores were chosen to optimize the potential for true positives. These scores are recommended for alerting physicians and other caregivers as to when more intensive depression evaluation is needed.

Adult↗