Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SALVIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil inhibits cholinesterase in vivo.

The essential oil of Salvia lavandulaefolia at two dosage levels was administered orally to rats for five days. Choline esterase activity was measured post mortem in three areas of the brain, both in the absence and presence of TEPP, a specific butylcholine esterase inhibitor, and was found to be significantly reduced in the striatum with both doses and also in the hippocampus at the higher dose. The activity of the enzyme in the cortex was not significantly reduced even at the higher dose. Thus it appears that S. lavandulaefolia oil, shown to inhibit choline esterase in vitro, also has an in vivo effect and this may help explain its traditional use for ailing memory.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2003

In vitro cytotoxicity of tanshinones isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells.

The cytotoxic effect of four tanshinones isolated from the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) were studied in vitro using P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA were shown to be quite strongly cytotoxic against the cells (86.76% and 56.05% cell inhibition at 25 microg/ml). Dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone, which lack of saturation at C-15, showed little cytotoxicity (13.71% and 39.21% cell inhibition at 25 microg/ml). The results also revealed a structure activity relationship. We suggest that the unsaturation at C-15 and saturation on ring A may be critical structural components for cytotoxicity in these diterpenes.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pharmacological activities of crude acetone extract and purified constituents of Salvia moorcraftiana Wall.

The crude acetone extract of aerial parts of Salvia moorcraftiana Wall. was screened for various biological activities including Lemna bioassay, antifungal, antibacterial, leishmanicidal, insecticidal activities and brine shrimp cytotoxicity. It was found to possess strong phytotoxic activity against Lemna aequinoctials Welve. and moderate antifungal activity against animal and plant pathogens. The purified chemical constituents were tested for enzyme inhibition activity. Two constituents (compounds 3 and 8) were found to be effective inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Metformin-like effect of Salvia officinalis (common sage): is it useful in diabetes prevention?

Common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is among the plants that are claimed to be beneficial to diabetic patients, and previous studies have suggested that some of its extracts have hypoglycaemic effects in normal and diabetic animals. In the present study, we aimed to verify the antidiabetic effects of an infusion (tea) of common sage, which is the most common form of this plant consumed. Replacing water with sage tea for 14 d lowered the fasting plasma glucose level in normal mice but had no effect on glucose clearance in response to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. This indicated effects on gluconeogenesis at the level of the liver. Primary cultures of hepatocytes from healthy, sage-tea-drinking rats showed, after stimulation, a high glucose uptake capacity and decreased gluconeogenesis in response to glucagon. Essential oil from sage further increased hepatocyte sensitivity to insulin and inhibited gluconeogenesis. Overall, these effects resemble those of the pharmaceutical drug metformin, a known inhibitor of gluconeogenesis used in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In primary cultures of rat hepatocytes isolated from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, none of these activities was observed. The present results seem to indicate that sage tea does not possess antidiabetic effects at this level. However, its effects on fasting glucose levels in normal animals and its metformin-like effects on rat hepatocytes suggest that sage may be useful as a food supplement in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by lowering the plasma glucose of individuals at risk.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Diterpenoids from Salvia ceratophylla.

Salvia ceratophylla L. has yielded four known and two new diterpenoids together with two triterpenic acids, a steroid and a flavone. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses. One of the known compounds candidissiol exhibited a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus mirabilis.

Abietanes↗
PubMed2006

Constituents of Salvia microphylla.

A new phenolic ester 2-( p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl eicosaheptanoic acid ester (1) and a known one hexacosylferulate (2) were isolated from the acetone extract of Salvia microphylla. In addition, two sesquiterpenes beta-eudesmol (3) and 8alpha-hydroxy-beta-eudesmol (4), a diterpene carnosic acid 12-methyl ether (12-methoxycarnosic acid) (5), three triterpenes erithrodiol 3-acetate, oleanolic acid, lupeol and beta-sitosterol were obtained as known compounds from this plant extract. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including one- and two- dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR and MS spectroscopies. The selected compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against standard bacterial strains, and only carnosic acid 12-methyl ether showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus at 78 microg mL(-1).

Esters↗
PubMed2005

Pharmacokinetics of lithospermic acid B isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza in rats.

The absorption and pharmacokinetics of an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, lithospermic acid B (LSB), was investigated after intravenous and oral administration of doses of 10 or 50 mg LSB/kg to rats. Concentrations of LSB were determined by a validated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay method. After intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg, dose-normalized (10 mg/kg) area under the curve (AUC) (993 microg.min/ml) was significantly greater than that at 10 mg/kg (702 microg.min/ml). The slower clearance Cl-at 50 mg/kg could be due to saturable metabolism of LSB in rats, and this could be supported by significantly slower Cl(NR) and significantly greater 24-h urinary excretion of LSB at 50 mg/kg than at 10 mg/kg. Following oral administration of LSB, the extent of LSB recovered from the entire gastrointestinal tract at 24 h ranged from 41.2% to 23.3%. Although LSB was not detected (limit of quantitation 10 ng/ml) in plasma after oral dose of 10 mg/kg, the absolute oral bioavailability at 50 mg/kg was 5%. Since LSB was shown to have low permeability through the Caco-2 cell monolayers, the low bioavailability of LSB could be due to poor absorption and metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Inhibition of immediate-type allergic reactions by the aqueous extract of Salvia plebeia.

The effect of aqueous extract of Salvia plebeia R. Brown (Labiatae) (SPAE) on the mast cell mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats was studied. SPAE (0.05 to 1 g/kg) inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80. SPAE (0.001 and 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) when intraperitoneally, intraveneously or orally administered. When SPAE was pretreated at the same concentrations with systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. SPAE (0.001 to 1 mg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, when SPAE (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) was added, significantly increased compared with that of basal cells. Moreover, SPAE (0.01 to 1 mg/mL) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. These results indicate that SPAE may possess strong antiallergic activity and suggest that differences in bioavailability may cause differential activity following different administration routes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Prevention of bone loss in ovariectomized rats: the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts.

The preventive effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SMEs) on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) was studied in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX or SMEs-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, a porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMEs-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham rats, these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMEs for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMEs for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free T3 was normal in all cases, whereas free T4 was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMEs-administered rats in T3 level, we have found significant difference between them in T4 level. These results strongly suggest that SMEs are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2005

Determination of mineral contents of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri var. canescens) at different infusion periods.

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry has been used for the determination of contents of major and minor elements in Salvia aucheri var. canescens (sage) and its infusions for different intervals. Twenty-five elements (Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ln, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Ti,V, and Zn) were detected in both S. aucheri and its infusions. The ranges of mineral levels varied from Cd (1.6668 mg/kg) to K (13,570 mg/kg) and Ni (0.05273 mg/kg) to K (196.25 mg/kg) in the herb and its infusions, respectively. The levels of K, Ca, Na, Mg, and S in all infusions in this work were higher than those of the other elements. However, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, and Zn contents were high in the first period of infusion. As a result, the first period of infusion may be proposed as the optimum infusion time because of nutritional properties. These results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information.

Beverages↗
PubMed2004

Localization of salvinorin A and related compounds in glandular trichomes of the psychoactive sage, Salvia divinorum.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Salvia divinorum produces several closely related neoclerodane diterpenes. The most abundant of these, salvinorin A, is responsible for the psychoactive properties of the plant. To determine where these compounds occur in the plant, various organs, tissues and glandular secretions were chemically analysed. A microscopic survey of the S. divinorum plant was performed to examine the various types of trichomes present and to determine their distribution. METHODS: Chemical analyses were performed using thin layer chromatographic and histochemical techniques. Trichomes were examined using conventional light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: It was found that neoclerodane diterpenes are secreted as components of a resin that accumulates in peltate glandular trichomes, specifically in the subcuticular space that exists between the trichome head cells and the cuticle that encloses them. Four main types of trichomes were observed: peltate glandular trichomes, short-stalked capitate glandular trichomes, long-stalked capitate glandular trichomes and non-glandular trichomes. Their morphology and distribution is described. Peltate glandular trichomes were only found on the abaxial surfaces of the leaves, stems, rachises, bracts, pedicles and calyces. This was consistent with chemical analyses, which showed the presence of neoclerodane diterpenes in these organs, but not in parts of the plant where peltate glandular trichomes are absent. CONCLUSIONS: Salvinorin A and related compounds are secreted as components of a complex resin that accumulates in the subcuticular space of peltate glandular trichomes.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetics of qualitative traits in domesticated chia (Salvia hispanica L.).

In Salvia hispanica L., several changes in qualitative characters, including seed coat color, stem pigmentation, and shattering, have evolved with cultivation and domestication. Three F(2) segregating generations from crosses between wild and domesticated parents were scored for three qualitative traits. A single recessive gene, designated scc, was found to govern the white seed characteristic. A single dominant gene, designated SSP, was found to control striated stem pigmentation. A complete dominance of open calyx over closed calyx was observed in F(1) generations and small numbers of plants with closed calyxes were observed in F(2) generations, not conforming to Mendelian ratios. For this non-shattering trait, a complementation test was conducted between two lines representative of geographically and morphologically divergent domesticated varieties. Complementary gene action was not observed in any F(1) plants, and all F(2) plants were homogeneous with respect to the trait, suggesting the same genetic control for non-shattering among domesticated varieties. An analysis of limited data for linkage of SSP and scc indicated that the two loci segregate independently.

Genes, Dominant↗
PubMed2002

Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as an omega-3 fatty acid source for broilers: influence on fatty acid composition, cholesterol and fat content of white and dark meats, growth performance, and sensory characteristics.

Five thousand four hundred, 1-d-old, male, Ross 308, broiler chicks were fed for 49 d to compare diets containing 10 and 20% chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed to a control diet. Cholesterol content, total fat content, and fatty acid composition of white and dark meats were determined at the end of the trial. A taste panel assessed meat flavor and preference. Cholesterol content was not significantly different among treatments; however, the 10% chia diet produced a lower fat content in the dark meat than did the control diet. Palmitic fatty acid content was less in both meat types when chia was fed, with differences being significant (P < 0.05), except for the white meat and the 20% chia diet. alpha-Linolenic fatty acid was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the white and dark meats with the chia diets. Chia significantly lowered the saturated fatty acid content as well as the saturated:polyunsaturated fatty acid and omega-6:omega-3 ratios of the white and dark meats compared to the control diet. No significant differences in flavor or preference ratings were detected among diets. Body weight and feed conversion were significantly lower with the chia diets than with the control, with weight reductions up to 6.2% recorded with the 20% chia diet.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Mechanisms of the dilator action of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on rat isolated femoral artery.

This study investigates the actions of Danshen crude extract (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on rat isolated femoral artery rings precontracted with phenylephrine. Low concentrations of Danshen (10 to 30 microg/mL) enhanced the phenylephrine-precontracted tone by a maximum of 31.20+/-2.71%. At concentrations 100 microg/mL or above, Danshen relaxed the precontracted tone, with full relaxation obtained at 1 mg/mL. Involvement of endothelium-dependant mechanisms in the dilator effect of Danshen was investigated by pretreatment of the artery rings with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor flurbiprofen (10 microM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM), a muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (100 nM), and by mechanical removal of the endothelium; none of these procedures produced a significant change on the Danshen-induced effect. Involvement of endothelium-independent mechanisms was investigated in endothelium-denuded artery rings pretreated with a histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (10 microM), a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (100 nM), an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purine-6-amine (SQ22536, 100 microM), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 microM), and a potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 and 100 mM); only TEA was effective in partially inhibiting the Danshen-induced effect. These findings suggest the dilator action of Danshen on rat femoral artery was mediated in part by the opening of TEA-sensitive K+ channels in the smooth muscle cells. Muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, beta-adrenoceptors, endothelium-derived relaxant factors, adenylyl cyclase, and guanylyl cyclase-dependent pathways did not play a role in its vasodilatory effect.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed2006

Pharmacological evidence for calcium channel inhibition by danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on rat isolated femoral artery.

This study investigated the relaxant actions of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and its lipid-soluble- and water-soluble-fractions on endothelium-denuded rat isolated femoral artery rings. Danshen, its water-soluble fraction and its lipid-soluble fraction produced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted artery rings with IC50 values of 149 +/- 20 microg/mL, 160 +/- 25 microg/mL, and 23 +/- 6 microg/mL, respectively. Pretreatment of the artery rings with a non-selective potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) produced a significant two-fold rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to danshen and a four-fold shift to its water-soluble fraction, but had no effect on the lipid-soluble fraction. A 3.3-fold shift was produced on the concentration-response curve of danshen when the artery rings were pretreated with a mixture of 10 mM TEA, 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (K(V) blocker), 1 microM glibenclamide (K(ATP) blocker), 100 nM iberiotoxin (BK(Ca) blocker), and 100 microM barium chloride (K(IR) blocker). Involvement of Ca2+ channels was investigated in endothelium-denuded artery rings incubated with Ca2+-free buffer and primed with 1 microM phenylephrine or 60 mM KCl for 5 minutes prior to adding CaCl2 to elicit contraction. In artery rings primed with phenylephrine, pretreatment with 1 mg/mL danshen, 1 mg/mL water-soluble fraction of danshen, 0.1 mg/mL lipid-soluble fraction of danshen, and 100 nM nifedipine abrogated the CaCl2-induced contraction. On the other hand, in artery rings primed with KCl, these agents produced 40%, 25%, 53%, and 92% inhibition on the maximum contraction induced by CaCl2, respectively. Increasing the concentrations of danshen and its water-soluble fraction to 3 mg/mL, and the lipid-soluble fraction to 0.3 mg/mL further reduced the maximum contraction to 92%, 93%, and 83%, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggested the vasorelaxant actions of danshen and its fractions were produced primarily by inhibition of Ca2+ influx in the vascular smooth muscle cells and a small component was mediated by the opening of K+ channels.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Consequences of floral complexity for bumblebee-mediated geitonogamous self-pollination in Salvia nipponica Miq. (Labiatae).

I address how floral complexity influences geitonogamous self-pollination through manipulation of pollinator behavior in Salvia nipponica. The pivoting stamens of S. nipponica hinder nectar-collecting bumblebees from crawling into flowers, increasing the probing time per flower. I predicted that longer probing times would reduce the relative cost of moving between plants, causing bees to leave plants earlier. To test this prediction, I simplified S. nipponica flowers by removing the stamens from all open flowers within a 75-m2 quadrat. Bumblebees probed these flowers more quickly than intact flowers, but the stamen removal affected neither the frequency of flower revisitation nor the flight distance between plants. In response to the decrease in the probing time per flower, bees probed more flowers on these plants. Therefore, in S. nipponica, floral complexity reduces the opportunity for geitonogamous self-pollination. Stamen removal also increased bee visitation per flower, suggesting that this sort of complexity deters visitation. To keep complex flowers attractive, therefore, selection might increase floral rewards or longevity. Floral complexity might evolve in an integrative manner with the rest of the floral phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Salvia miltiorrhiza water-soluble extract, but not its constituent salvianolic acid B, abrogates LPS-induced NF-kappaB signalling in intestinal epithelial cells.

Herbal medicine has become an increasing popular therapeutic alternative among patients suffering from various inflammatory disorders. The Salvia miltiorrhizae water-soluble extract (SME) have been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. However, the mechanism of action and impact of SME on LPS-induced gene expression is still unknown. We report that SME significantly abrogated LPS-induced IkappaB phosphorylation/degradation, NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and ICAM-1 gene expression in rat IEC-18 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that LPS-induced RelA recruitment to the ICAM-1 gene promoter was inhibited by SME. Moreover, in vitro kinase assay showed that SME directly inhibits LPS induced IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity in IEC-18 cells. To investigate the physiological relevance of SME inhibitory activity on NF-kappaB signalling, we used small intestinal explants and primary intestinal epithelial cells derived from a transgenic mouse expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of NF-kappaB cis-elements (cis-NF-kappaB(EGFP)). SME significantly blocked LPS-induced EGFP expression and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation in intestinal explants and primary IECs, respectively. However, salvianolic acid B, an activate component of SME did not inhibit NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and IkappaB phosphorylation/degradation in IEC-18 cells. These results indicate that SME blocks LPS-induced NF-kappaB signalling pathway by targeting the IKK complex in intestinal epithelial cells. Modulation of bacterial product-mediated NF-kappaB signalling by natural plant extracts may represent an attractive strategy towards the prevention and treatment of intestinal inflammation.

Animals↗