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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Salivation during hyperthermia in human beings (author's transl)].

In numerous species, saliva secretion is an important thermolytic response to hyperthermia. The aim of the present work was to look for a thermolytic saliva secretion in human beings. Saliva collected by cannulation was not secreted more during active or passive hyperthermia than during control periods. Therefore, it can be concluded that saliva secretion has no thermoregulatory role in human beings.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1993

[Salivation in the submandibular salivary gland in the prognosis of peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Clinical study].

The relationship between the quantitative submandibular gland secretion and neural motor function was examined in 157 patients with different types of peripheral facial paralysis. These two functions were followed up during the period of one year. In the patients with 40%, or more, of submandibular gland secretion one month after the onset of facial paralysis, the motor nerve function recovery was satisfactory, while, in the patients with submandibular gland secretion less than 20% the recovery was unsatisfying. When the submandibular gland secretion was more than 50% in the early stage of facial paralysis, the complete recovery was within 6 months. On the contrary, when it was less than 50%, the recovery period was much longer.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed1997

[Temporary radiation-induced hypo-salivation in a child].

This case report deals with the diagnosis and treatment of hyposalivation after radical radiation therapy and cytotoxic treatment of a metastasising nasopharyngeal carcinoma in an eight-year old girl. After cancer treatment the patient suffered from xerostomia, and pronounced hyposalivation was demonstrated. Frequent chewing of sugar-free gum and use of lozenges was recommended, and the patient was followed up for one year. During this time, the values for unstimulated whole saliva increased by a factor of five, and stimulated whole saliva values increased as well, but less so. Two years after cancer treatment, the patient no longer suffers from xerostomia.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat salivary glands: neuronal localization, depletion upon nerve stimulation, and effects on salivation in relation to substance P.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibres occurred predominantly around blood vessels and large ducts and, to a minor extent, around acini and small ducts in the parotid, sublingual and submaxillary glands of the rat. Double immunostaining showed most of the CGRP-containing nerve fibres to contain substance P. However, the vast majority of substance P-immunoreactive periacinar nerve fibres in the parotid and submandibular glands lacked CGRP. After parasympathetic denervation of the parotid gland by section of the auriculotemporal nerve these periacinar substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres disappeared almost completely, whereas the number of substance P/CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres seemed unchanged. After this operation the total amount of substance P in the parotid gland was reduced by about 90% as judged by radioimmunoassay; in denervation experiments the facial nerve was found to contribute to the residual substance P content. In contrast, the contribution of the auriculotemporal nerve to the CGRP content of the gland was small; the reduction in CGRP after section of the nerve was 20%. The facial nerve and the dorsal root nerves (C3 and C4) contributed to the CGRP content with about 50%. The source of the remaining 30% of the parotid gland CGRP is unknown. It is not the sympathetic nerve: sympathetic denervation resulted in a marked increase in CGRP, regardless of whether the auriculotemporal nerve was intact or not. Upon long-lasting electrical stimulation of the auriculotemporal nerve at a high frequency the parotid gland content of CGRP was gradually reduced, indicating depletion of this peptide in response to nerve stimulation. Intravenous injections of CGRP evoked no salivary flow; however, a release of amylase was revealed. Also, when CGRP was tested on isolated parotid gland lobules amylase was released into the medium. When, in vivo, CGRP was injected in combination with substance P, the substance P-evoked flow of parotid and submaxillary saliva was markedly enhanced. In addition, CGRP enhanced the in vivo secretory response to parasympathomimetics and to vasoactive intestinal peptide. The localization of CGRP-containing nerve fibres suggests that CGRP is involved in the regulation of secretion and blood flow of salivary glands. CGRP may interact positively with acetylcholine and certain nonclassical transmitters, and it may be involved (together with other neuropeptides) in the atropine-resistant parasympathetic secretion occurring in the glands under study.

Amylases↗
PubMed1982

Effect of decreased salivation and pH on the adherence of Klebsiella species to human buccal epithelial cells.

To assess the role of reduced salivary flow and intraoral pH on gram-negative bacterial colonization of the oropharynx, we studied in vitro Klebsiella adherence to normal human buccal epithelial cells at various pH values and to buccal cells from patients with pathological xerostomia (decreased saliva flow). Reduced pH significantly increased adherence of Klebsiella pneumoniae 84 to normal buccal epithelial cells (P less than 0.001). In contrast, two clinical isolates of K. oxytoca showed no significant pH-dependent change in adherence. A corollary of this was that patients with pathological xerostomia had significantly increased adherence of K. pneumoniae 84 to their buccal epithelial cells as compared with normal controls (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that reduced salivary flow and the concomitant reduction of intraoral pH may predispose patients to bacterial colonization with K. pneumoniae.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1987

Vector salivation and parasite transmission.

Saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains substances that counteract the host's hemostatic and inflammatory reactions, allowing the arthropod to locate blood and keep it flowing during the blood meal. Parasites may manipulate this system in order to achieve increased transmission, both to vertebrate and to invertebrate hosts. Additionally, salivary pharmacological substances may locally immunosupress the delivery site, allowing initial colonization of the vertebrate host by the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Direct spectrophotometric determination of alpha-amylase activity in salive, with p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltoside as substrate.

We describe a simple, direct kinetic method for determination of salivary alpha-amylase (1,4, alpha-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1). The assay makes use of a well-defined substrate, p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltoside, which is hydrolyzed by alpha-amylase to a chromogenic product, p-nitrophenol. Activity is determined by directly monitoring the increase in absorbance of the reaction mixture. Amylase activity can be defined in international (IUB) units of micromoles of product/min per liter of saliva. For 22 healthy subjects, the mean +/- SD of amylase activity in mixed saliva was 2.77 +/- 1.12 U/liter. Activity and instrumental response were linearly related over the entire range tested (0.224 to 11.90 U/liter). The within-run precision (CV) over this range was better than 3% for all but the lowest activities. Values obtained with this assay correlate well with those obtained with a modified Nelson-Somogyi saccharogenic method (r = 0.979). The precision and simplicity of this assay suggest that it is the method choice for determining amylase activity in human saliva.

Amylases↗