Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Remuneration”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Educational and labor wastage of doctors in Mexico: towards the construction of a common methodology.

BACKGROUND: This paper addresses the problem of wastage of the qualified labor force, which takes place both during the education process and when trained personnel try to find jobs in the local market. METHODS: Secondary sources were used, mainly the Statistical yearbooks of the National Association of Universities and Higher Education Institutions (ANUIES in Spanish). Also, the 2000 Population Census was used to estimate the different sources of labor market wastage. The formulas were modified to estimate educational and labor wastage rates. RESULTS: Out of every 1000 students who started a medical training in 1996, over 20% were not able to finish the training by 2000. Furthermore, out of every 1000 graduates, 31% were not able to find a remunerated position in the labor market that would enable them to put into practice the abilities and capacities obtained at school. Important differences can be observed between generalists and specialists, as well as between men and women. In the case of specialists and men, lower wastage rates can be observed as compared to the wastage rates of generalists and women. A large percentage of women dedicate themselves exclusively to household duties, which in labor terms represents a wastage of their capacity to participate in the production of formal health services. CONCLUSION: Women are becoming a majority in most medical schools, yet their participation in the labor market does not reflect the same trend. Among men, policies should be formulated to incorporate doctors in the specific health field for which they were trained. Regarding women, specific policies should target those who are dedicated full-time to household activities in order to create the possibility of having them occupy a remunerated job if they are willing to do so. Reducing wastage at both the educational and labor levels should improve the capacity of social investment, thereby increasing the capacity of the health system as a whole to provide services, particularly to those populations who are most in need.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Pandora's electronic box: GPs reflect upon email communication with their patients.

BACKGROUND: Global access to information technology has increased dramatically in the past decade, with electronic health care changing medical practice. One example for general practitioners (GPs) is communication with patients via electronic mail (email). GPs face issues regarding e-communication with patients, including how and when it should it be used. OBJECTIVE: The study aims were to assess the extent that GPs communicate with patients by email and explore their attitudes to this mode of communication. METHODS: Design--telephone interview survey. Setting--primary care, largest urban and suburban area in New Zealand (NZ). Subjects--randomly selected GPs from the Auckland region. Main outcome measure--description of email use; analysis of issues by telephone survey. Data analysed using SPSS-12 and by thematic content analysis. RESULTS: At data saturation, 80 GPs had been interviewed. The majority (68%) had not used email with patients. Only 4% used it regularly. However, there was strong interest in this method. Perceived advantages were the ability to communicate at a distance and time convenient to both doctor and patient; communication where disability affected traditional methods; information-giving (for example, web links); passing on normal results. Identified problems involved inequity of access; linking of electronic data; security; unsuitability for some topics; medico-legal concerns; time; remuneration. CONCLUSION: Study sample closely mirrored current NZ GP population. Although few GPs emailed with patients, many might once barriers are addressed. GPs had a collective view of the appropriate boundaries for email communication, routine tasks and the transmission of information. GPs would encourage professional debate regarding guidelines for good practice, managing demand and remuneration.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

[Strabismus surgical treatment: technical-economic evaluation].

PURPOSE: To evaluate, from the economic and technical point of view, the surgical treatment of strabismus. METHODS: A retrospective survey of available consecutive medical charts from the Altino Ventura Foundation-Recife/PE, Brazil was performed. Data on 100 patients who underwent strabismus surgery (from January of 2001 to February of 2003) and 100 patients who underwent cataract surgery (January of 2003) were analyzed. The times to performed these surgical procedures were observed. The times to accomplish strabismus surgeries were compared to those of cataract surgeries. In addition the variability of time among different strabismus surgeries was also observed. RESULTS: Surgical mean time for strabismus correction was longer than that for cataract surgery (77.3+/-27.6 min versus 58.3+/-12.7 min; p<0.0001). A significant variability in time to accomplish strabismus surgeries was also observed. In the case of intervention in up to two muscles, mean time was less than in the case of intervention in more than two muscles (66.0+/-16.6 min versus 97.5+/-31.7 min; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Longer surgical time of strabismus surgeries as compared to cataract surgeries gives support to the idea that the medical remuneration for strabismus surgery should be, at least, equivalent to that of cataract surgery. In addition, the fact of surgical mean time being so variable, suggests that this procedure should have a different remuneration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Motivation and dissatisfaction factors in the nurse's work].

Motivation and dissatisfaction factors in the work of nurses were researched and identified in the health institutions of the city of Aracaju, with emphasis in the remuneration and working conditions. The sample comprised 10% of the nurses allotted in each health unit researched. It was found that remuneration is not the main motivation in work, but it is the second most mentioned dissatisfaction factor, topped only by working conditions. Other factors that motivate nurses to stay in the job include the possibility of working in something they enjoy, the professional stability given by public positions, a commitment with the population and the importance of their service, among others.

Job Satisfaction↗
PubMed2000

A preliminary study on the knowledge and attitudes of physicians at two university hospitals towards the medical insurance system of Japan.

In this preliminary study, we surveyed the physicians at two academic hospitals on their knowledge of and attitudes toward the medical insurance system in Japan. Most of the physicians had not read the "Ministerial Ordinance on Insurance Medical Institutions' and Insurance Medical Doctors' Medical Treatment under Health Insurance." Of the 433 physicians who filled out the questionnaire completely, 34% had either not read or rarely read the "Medical Fee Point List." Most (89.1%) of the physicians knew that there is a stepwise reduction in the hospitalization fee as the length of a patient's hospital stay increases. However, approximately 30% did not know the stipulation of obtaining an informed consent from the patient prior to blood transfusion. As for the right of patients to see their medical care remuneration statements, which was decided by the government in 1997, 26.8% of the physicians did not know this rule. Physicians who had read the "Ministerial Ordinance on Medical Treatment," were more likely to read the "Medical Fee Point List" frequently; were more likely to know the stipulation about diminishing hospitalization fee; were more likely to know that an informed consent must be obtained prior to blood transfusion; and were more likely to know that patients had a right to see their medical care remuneration statements. The longer the clinical experience of the physician, the more likely that the physician had read the "Ministerial Ordinance on Medical Treatment" and know the other stipulations well. In these two academic hospitals, it is important to establish educational seminars for physicians on the guidelines of the medical insurance system so that physicians will become familiar with the medical insurance system quickly.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Physicians' acceptance of an alternative to fee-for-service payment: a possible source of change in Quebec medicine.

This article reports on a survey conducted on a sample of Quebec physicians at the end of 1981. The objective of the study was to assess the acceptance by physicians of a possible change in their current mode of remuneration and to identify the consequences of such a change on the physicians' practice and on the attainment of broader health care objectives. The results presented in this article seem to indicate that neither the present fee-for-service mode of payment nor a change to time-based remuneration can reconcile both professional and broader health care objectives. Implications of these findings for health policies are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Narrow harbors. Few joint ventures will find haven in the investment-interest safe harbor.

Investors and potential investors had hoped for meaningful guidance from the safe harbor regulations on appropriate structures for healthcare joint ventures. Unfortunately, the narrowly drawn final investment-interest safe harbor offers relatively little meaningful guidance or protection for the vast majority of such ventures. The Illegal Remuneration Statute (also known as the fraud and abuse statute) was first enacted in 1972 to prohibit members of the healthcare community from exchanging patient referrals for any kind of remuneration. In 1987 Congress instructed the secretary of Health and Human Services to create "safe harbors" for legitimate payment practices that, although they may violate the statute's strict prohibition, will be protected from prosecution. The investment-interest safe harbor has garnered the most attention. It provides two safe harbors, one for investments in large entities and one for investments in small entities. Both safe harbors contain onerous threshold requirements and other restrictions that diminish the usefulness of the safe harbor for all but a very few ventures. In addition, the Office of the Inspector General has created other obstacles to forming and preserving "safe" healthcare business ventures, including a refusal to "grandfather" or create a "safe harbor restructuring period" for existing business arrangements. Because most existing or planned joint ventures do not qualify for the investment-interest safe harbor, investors are forced to make their business decisions on the basis of the same factors used before publication of the safe harbor regulations. Such analysis will continue to focus on factors that demonstrate organizations' intent in making payments to investors as a return on investments.

Fraud↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Salaried physician programs: the Manitoba experience.

The method by which physicians are compensated, particularly the fee-for-service model, is the subject of considerable debate among health policy analysts, funding agencies, health care administrators, and the medical community at large. Prevailing arguments identify the shortcomings of the fee-for-service model but generally fail to explore alternate methods of remuneration for physicians. This article examines the deficiencies in the fee-for-service model and examines an alternate remuneration model--a salary-based system now being used in seven rural Manitoba communities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

General practice integration in Australia. Primary health services provider and consumer perceptions of barriers and solutions.

OBJECTIVE: To identify practical examples of barriers and possible solutions to improve general practice integration with other health service providers. METHOD: Twelve focus groups, including one conducted by teleconference, were held across Australia with GPs and non GP primary health service providers between May and September, 1996. Focus groups were embedded within concept mapping sessions, which were used to conceptually explore the meaning of integration in general practice. Data coding, organising and analysis were based on the techniques documented by Huberman and Miles. RESULTS: Barriers to integration were perceived to be principally due to the role and territory disputes between the different levels of government and their services, the manner in which the GP's role is currently defined, and the system of GP remuneration. Suggestions on ways to improve integration involved two types of strategies. The first involves initiatives implemented 'top down' through major government reform to service structures, including the expansion of the role of divisions of general practice, and structural changes to the GP remuneration systems. The second type of strategy suggested involves initiatives implemented from the 'bottom up' involving services such as hospitals (e.g. additional GP liaison positions) and the use of information technology to link services and share appropriate patient data. CONCLUSION: The findings support the need for further research and evaluation of initiatives aimed at achieving general practice integration at a systems level. There is little evidence to suggest which types of initiatives improve integration. However, general practice has been placed in the centre of the health care debate and is likely to remain central to the success of such initiatives. Clarification of the future role and authority of general practice will therefore be required if such integrative strategies are to be successful at a wider health system level.

Australia↗
PubMed2000

[Preventive care for early detection of diabetes mellitus complications: a model project in Wolfsburg].

In the city of Wolfsburg, an annual screening to detect diabetic complications was introduced. In this model, project internists and general practitioners were remunerated for the documentation of diabetic complications. Ophthalmologists were remunerated for the documentation of screening for diabetic eye disease. The patients received a copy of the results. 1,563 patients (2.57% of 60,800 persons insured by the Volkswagen health insurance in the city) received ophthalmologic examination. 1,554 patients (2.6%) were examined by internists and general practitioners (58 practices). Out of 2,879 eyes examined in no retinopathy was detected 80.9%. In 14.1%, mild or moderate retinopathy was observed as well as 3.3% severe non-proliferative retinopathy and 1.3% proliferative retinopathy. 32 amputations were documented. Three of them were not related to diabetes. 32 patients had diabetic foot ulcers (75% males). The implementation of screening for diabetic complications was very successful. Based on the results, an evidence based disease management programme can be started focussing especially on improved tertiary prevention of diabetic complications.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1999

Demotivating factors among government doctors in Negeri Sembilan.

Motivation, especially on the relationship of remuneration of government doctors to it, has long been an issue of concern. This study sought to elucidate the demotivating factors in service and the perceived discrepancy in income. It was conducted amongst doctors serving in the Ministry of Health, Negeri Sembilan, using self-administered questionnaires. Factors considered demotivating were remuneration, workload and recognition given. Career development, promotion prospects, issues with superiors, resources and patient attitudes were other factors identified. On average, respondents expect an income of 1.63 times more than their current drawn salary and 87.2% cited rewards as a recommendation to improve their satisfaction in service. In-service training was desired by almost all. Though the medical profession has traditionally been viewed as altruistic in nature, doctors in service are voicing out their views and perception, and they should be heard.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2000

[Is treatment of diabetes too complicated for general practitioners?].

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of type 2 diabetes, it is important to treat both hyperglycaemia and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This means that diabetes care is becoming increasingly comprehensive and complicated. Studies in Norway show that diabetes care in general practice could be improved. The primary care system needs more resources and better organisation to be able to meet the demands for improved quality and more comprehensive care. We suggest more active use of nurses and other health care professionals, as well as changes in the remuneration system for general practitioners. Remuneration for an annual review of patients with diabetes will stimulate quality improvement work. The division of work between primary health care and hospital clinics should be clarified.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1988

Act No. 1374 adding provisions to the Penal Code, 19 December 1988.

This Act adds to the Paraguay Penal Code the following provisions describing and punishing traffic in minors: "Art. 309 BIS A: Whoever in any manner carries on business in minors under the age of twenty will be punished by a prison term of from two to six years. Art. 309 BIS B: A father or mother who surrenders a child under the age of twenty for payment or promise of remuneration will be punished by a prison term of from one to four years. Art. 309 BIS C: Whoever by means of gift, payment, or promise of remuneration induces a father or mother to surrender to a third person a child under the age of twenty in the conditions provided for in the previous article will be punished by a double penalty. This same sanction applies to a third person who in bad faith has received the surrender of a child. Art. 309 BIS D: The fact that a minor has been taken abroad will be considered an aggravating circumstance in the punishment provided for by this Act in the penalties of the preceding articles. Art. 309 BIS E: Payment for the provision of medicine, food, clothing, or medical attention given to the father or mother of a minor will not be considered as a gift. Art. 309 BIS F: A father or mother or a third person to whom a minor is surrendered will be exempt from punishment if he or she has formalized the act by means of any of the forms provided for by laws relating to adoption or family placement of minors."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

M/s. MacKinnon Mackenzie and Co. v. Audrey D'Costa, 26 March 1987.

The respondent female employee charged her employer with discrimination under the Equal Remuneration Act (No. 25 of 1976). She claimed that she was paid less as a stenographer than male stenographers performing the same work or work of a similar nature. The Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision supporting the respondent's claims. It rejected arguments that a) the work of female stenographers was different because they worked in a different place and as confidential stenographers attached to senior executives; and b) the difference in pay was justified under the terms of a settlement between the employer and the respondent's union. It noted that an employer could not deliberately create conditions of work only with the object of driving away women from a particular type of work that they can otherwise perform with the object of paying them less and that union settlements must yield to the provisions of the Equal Remuneration Act.

Asia↗
PubMed2003

Is the PRIME (Primary Response In Medical Emergencies) scheme acceptable to rural general practitioners in New Zealand?

AIM: To ascertain the level of acceptance of the PRIME (Primary Response In Medical Emergencies) scheme by rural general practitioners (GPs) in New Zealand. METHODS: A nationwide, anonymous, postal/email questionnaire was sent to 536 rural/semi-rural GPs, inquiring as to their involvement in and opinions of emergency care, and the acceptability of the PRIME scheme. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42%. PRIME training courses and PRIME equipment were regarded as excellent. However, concerns were raised by both PRIME and non-PRIME groups regarding the quality of triaging information given during emergencies and levels of remuneration for call-outs (especially medical call-outs). Additional concerns included lack of flexibility with the PRIME contract in some areas. Some GPs were also concerned that their involvement was less about providing a higher skill level in resuscitation than about filling the gaps in the already-stretched rural ambulance services, which was not the intention of the PRIME scheme. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of rural GPs in emergency care teams needs to be recognised and adequately remunerated, and these issues should be reflected in the ongoing development of pre-hospital emergency service contracts.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Adolescent health--as easy as EPC.

BACKGROUND: There are a number of very serious health trends for adolescent Australians. A major barrier to young people's access to high quality health care is poor general practitioner remuneration for longer consultations for complex adolescent issues. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the use of the Enhanced Primary Care Medicare items for adolescents presenting to community general practice, youth specific health centres and community health centres. DISCUSSION: Medicare items for care planning, case conferencing, mental health, asthma, diabetes, and cervical screening may be used to improve outcomes for young people and increase GP remuneration in this poorly funded area.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High frequency of false positive results in HIV screening in blood banks.

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine the frequency of false--positive results during serological screening for the presence of antibodies against HIV-1/2 in blood banks. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January--December 1999 as screening of voluntary non-remunerated blood donor pool for HIV in the public sector blood banks, in all the six divisions of Balochistan. 5000 subjects were screened for the presence of antibodies against HIV-1/2. The subjects were all males between the age group 18-50 years, attending the public sector blood banks as non-remunerated blood donors. Strategy I was adopted for initial screening, Strategy II and III were observed in retesting on ELISA, as recommended by UNAIDS/WHO for blood banks. RESULTS: Out of 5000 subjects, 48 (0.96%) were positive for HIV-1/2 on Strategy I, 37 (77% of 48) met the criteria of false positive, while only 11 (0.22% of 5000) were found to be true positive. CONCLUSION: In blood banks, screening for HIV antibodies is performed for intervention of the positive donations. UNAIDS/WHO Strategy-I is observed on a smaller workload blood banks where donations are less than 20 per day. A high rate of false positive results in serological HIV screening on Strategy-I depicts that the test is highly sensitive but not highly specific. Labeling someone with HIV positive, when actually he is not, forces the health authorities to find other ways of HIV screening in blood banks, which should be much more specific and therefore reliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Elements of managed care in Germany and in Switzerland].

With the introduction of the GVK (health insurance) modernization statute (GMG), health policy in Germany will focus on a more highly differentiated form of remuneration of the physician's services that is based on the degree of morbidity of the patient. Simultaneously with the introduction of morbidity-oriented risk structure adjustment in the year 2007, the level of payment to the doctor will be determined by the standard services volume based on risk categories and relative weightings as well as the case-based flat rates. A glance across the border to our Swiss neighbors provides information on their experience with diagnosis-related forms of remuneration.

Budgets↗