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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Cauda equina tumors: a French multicenter retrospective review of 231 adult cases and review of the literature.

Large series of cauda equina tumors in adults are seldom reported. This French series retrospectively reviews 231 cases collected for the congress of the Societe Francaise de Neurochirurgie in 1996. The authors first analyze this series and then discuss the pertinent literature. Schwannoma was the most frequent benign tumor in this series, followed by ependymoma. Very few malignant tumors were recorded; these were usually malignant neurinomas nearly always in neurofibromatosis patients. Some other rare tumors were also recorded, including paragangliomas. This series confirms the importance of the pretherapeutic neurological status in functional prognosis. All schwannomas can be cured, while ependymomas and paragangliomas may recur after a very long delay. Surgery must be as complete as possible, since adjuvant therapies are proven to have little efficacy. This type of tumor requires very long follow-up. Prognosis is good for hemangioblastomas. Sphincter dysfunctions carries a poor prognosis and may appear after primary surgery, more often after treatment of recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A review of mild head trauma. Part I: Meta-analytic review of neuropsychological studies.

We conducted a meta-analytic review of neuropsychological studies of mild head trauma (MHT). Studies were included if they met these criteria: patients studied at least 3 months after MHT; patients selected because of a history of MHT rather than because they were symptomatic; and attrition rate of less than 50% for longitudinal studies. Studies of children were not considered. We found a total of 8 published papers with 11 samples that met these criteria. Using the g statistics, the overall effect size of 0.07 was nonsignificant, but the d statistic yielded an effect size of 0.12, p < .03. Measurers of attention had the largest effect, g = 0.17. p < .02 and d = 0.20, p < .006. Severity of injury accounted for far more variance than did specific neuropsychological domain, however. The small effect size suggests that the maximum prevalence of persistent neuropsychological deficit is likely to be small and neuropsychological assessment is likely to have positive predictive value of less than 50%. Consequently, clinicians will more likely be correct when not diagnosing brain injury than when diagnosing a brain injury in cases with chronic disability after MHT.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Antibiotic therapy for enterobacter meningitis: a retrospective review of 13 episodes and review of the literature.

Enterobacter meningitis is an uncommon form of meningitis whose treatment poses a therapeutic dilemma because of the development of resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins while the patient receives therapy. In recent years, we have been using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) as treatment for this infection. In this report, we reviewed 13 episodes of enterobacter meningitis that were treated with various antibiotic regimens and 33 episodes from the literature. We found that the development of resistance to beta-lactam agents may be much higher than that seen in bacteremias (approximately 30%), that the case-fatality rate is lower among our patients than among those described previously, and that all patients who received TMP-SMZ were cured, compared with about 70% of those receiving beta-lactam agents. TMP-SMZ appears to be an acceptable alternative to the cephalosporins for the treatment of enterobacter meningitis.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed2004

The stipulations of one institutional review board: a five year review.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to explore the prevalence and types of stipulations (such as clarifications or changes) required of investigators by the institutional review board (IRB) of one institution over a five year period. DESIGN: Stipulations to research proposals (n = 124) were documented from the minutes of the IRB meetings. SETTING: Community hospital. PARTICIPANTS: IRB submissions. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Number and type of IRB stipulations. RESULTS: Nineteen research submissions (15.3%) were approved without any stipulations. For the remainder, the majority of stipulations related to consent forms (74.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Consent forms appear to be at highest risk for IRB stipulations. Being aware of high risk areas before submission of research proposals may reduce the frequency of stipulations required of investigators.

Consent Forms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circumferential cervical spine surgery in an 18-month-old female with traumatic disruption of the odontoid and C3 vertebrae. Case report and review of techniques. Case report and review of techniques.

STUDY DESIGN: A case study of an 18-month-old female with craniovertebral instability and spinal cord compression requiring circumferential stabilization. A review of surgical techniques in upper cervical spine and craniovertebral stabilization for young children is provided. OBJECTIVES: To describe an interesting surgical approach in a young pediatric patient requiring circumferential stability at the craniovertebral junction. BACKGROUND DATA: Craniovertebral instability is problematic in the young pediatric population due to the inability to secure hardware for stabilization. We present an interesting case of spinal cord compression with craniovertebral instability in an 18-month-old female requiring circumferential cervical spine and craniovertebral stabilization. METHODS: The patient presented with acute onset quadriparesis after a fall. Radiographs demonstrated C2-C3 disruption with canal compromise. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed signal changes of the spinal cord at C2-C3. Neurological examination revealed normal muscle volume with strength 1/5 in the upper extremities and 0/5 in the lower extremities. Respirations were normal with normal diaphragmatic function. Cranial nerves were intact. RESULTS: Halo-traction attempted at 0.453 kg induced occipital-atlantal dislocation. The patient underwent anterior corpectomy of C3 and the base of C2 with autologous rib grafts placed from C2 to C4 and macropore as an anterior plating system. Posteriorly the patient had occiput-C3 fusion with a titanium rod and autologous rib grafts bilaterally. Postoperatively the patient regained normal neurological function with circumferential fusion after 4 months in a halo vest. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the ability to achieve circumferential stabilization in the young pediatric patient. Injuries at the odontoid synchondrosis can be difficult to treat and are only complicated by having to achieve a posterior fusion at the craniovertebral junction. We present a successful case of circumferential fusion and offer a surgical technique to achieve spinal cord decompression and fusion of the upper cervical spine and craniovertebral junction in the young pediatric population.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1993

An empirical study of the reports of APA's peer review panel in the congressional review of the U.S.S. IOWA incident.

The U.S. House of Representatives Armed Services Committee (HASC) review of the US. Navy's investigation of the U.S.S. IOWA incident provides a case study of the problems with reconstructive psychological evaluations. The US. Navy attributed the explosion on board the U.S.S. IOWA to the intentional suicidal acts of Gunner's Mate Clayton Hartwig, a conclusion supported primarily by an Equivocal Death Analysis (EDA) conducted by the FBI. Systematic analysis of the reports of the expert panelists who consulted to the NASC reveals that 11 of the 14 panelists were critical of the conclusions reached by the Navy/FBI. There was considerable variability among the judgments of the panelists, who reached consensus only for broad categories. Because the reliability and validity of postmortem psychological reconstructions such as EDA and psychological autopsy have not been established, clinicians are urged to exercise caution in the use of such procedures and to be sensitive to ethical obligations to consumers when using such techniques.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Clinicopathologic review of pulmonary silicone embolism with special emphasis on the resultant histologic diversity in the lung--a review of five cases.

It is known that the subcutaneous injection of silicone can lead to severe pulmonary complications, followed in some patients by respiratory failure. Currently, silicone is being increasingly applied in the field of plastic surgery and, unfortunately, the illicit injection of silicone fluid by uncertified practitioners is not uncommon in Korea. We offer a critical pathologic review of 5 cases of pulmonary silicone embolism following illegal injection to the vaginal wall, four of which were fatal and came to legal autopsy. Our findings again confirm that subcutaneously injected silicone can gain access to the pulmonary vascular tree and cause pulmonary embolism. The histologic changes observed in the lung are variable and include four patterns i.e., the mere presence of silicone emboli, congestion and hemorrhage, acute pneumonitis, and diffuse alveolar damage despite the severe critical course in all cases. We were unable to find any histologic pattern that correlates well with the clinical course. Apart from producing emboli in the pulmonary vessels, subcutaneous injection of silicone can obviously cause serious pulmonary disease due to its ability to induce acute to induce acute pneumonitis and even possibly acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hill-Burton health facilities; review--HRSA. Notice of review.

This notice announces a review of institutions and organizations which have received grants under the Hill-Burton Program (Title VI of the Public Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. 291 et seq.) for the construction or modernization of hospitals or other health facilities.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1983

Medicare program; Provider Reimbursement Review Board; expedited administrative review--HCFA. Final rule.

These regulations amend procedures for providers to follow in order to obtain an expedited administrative review where the amount of Medicare reimbursement is in dispute. The changes are in response to comments we received on our final rule with comment period, published July 22, 1982. They are intended to clarify policy not included specifically in previous regulations text.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed2000

[Melorheostosis: a case review and review of literature].

The authors present a review of the literature and the diagnostic difficulties in a case of melorheostosis in a 6 year old boy. Melorheostosis is characterized by longitudinal foci of subcutaneous sclerosis, limitation of motion in the joints and swelling of the knee and ankle joints. Radiologically numerous foci of hyperostosis similar to wax flowing down a burning candle have been noted.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

PC GI board review. A ToolBook application for postgraduate review of Gastroenterology.

"Hypertext" applications have become an important educational resource for medical teaching. ToolBook version 1.5 allows the import of SVGA 256 color, 640 x 480 pixel images. We developed a program for the review of Gastroenterology by Subspecialty Board applicants which included digitized pathology, endoscopy, dermatology, and radiology images interfaced with textual description. 5 cases were presented with 6 questions per case to test the user's comprehension of the material. A scoring function was included to give feedback to the users. An evaluation questionnaire was also completed to survey user satisfaction with the program. A similar "shell" could be applied to other teaching programs.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗