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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

A survey of dairy farming in Pennsylvania: nutrient management practices and implications.

A survey was conducted to collect information on nutrient management practices on dairy farms in south-central Pennsylvania. Of the 994 responding farms, the average farm consisted of 64 lactating cows, 10 dry cows, 41 heifers, and 17 calves with 69.7 ha of tillable land. Manure from lactating cows was mainly collected on a daily basis (84% of the farms) and stored as slurry or liquid (73%), while dry cow and heifer manure was collected weekly or less frequently (69 and 85% of the farms) and stored as solid stack or bedded pack (67 and 82%). Manure utilization featured consistent use of on-farm spreading, with limited incorporation, to corn or small grain fields before planting. Spreading on perennial forages or pasture was also common. Irrigation or injection of manure occurred on less than 5% of the farms. Only 20% of the farms reported manure nutrient testing, contrasting to over 90% for soil testing. Farm advisors and their services can be of vital importance in helping producers make conscientious management decisions for enhanced nutrient utilization. For example, ration balancing involved the services of feed and mineral sales representatives (85% of the farms), independent consultants (12%), and veterinarians (5%). Manure nutrient crediting to determine manure application rates was made by fertilizer dealers (40%), crop advisors and independent consultants (31%), and others. Nutrient management strategies and efforts must address the specific needs of farms with different animal densities and nutrient balances in order to be effective and applicable on the majority of farms.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

Practical management of iliotibial band friction syndrome in runners.

This article outlines the practical management of iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) in running athletes. ITBFS is the most common cause of lateral knee pain in runners and is related to repetitive friction of the iliotibial band sliding over the lateral femoral epicondyle. Runners predisposed to this injury are typically in a phase of over training and often have underlying weakness of the hip abductor muscles. The diagnosis of ITBFS is clinical and is based on a thorough patient history and physical exam. In the acute phase, treatment includes activity modification, ice, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and corticosteroid injection in cases of severe pain or swelling. During the subacute phase emphasis is on stretching of the iliotibial band and soft tissue therapy for any myofascial restrictions. The recovery phase focuses on a series of exercises to improve hip abductor strength and integrated movement patterns. The final return to running phase is begun with an every other day program, starting with easy sprints and avoidance of hill training with a gradual increase in frequency and intensity. In rare refractory cases that do not respond to conservative treatment, surgery can be considered.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed1997

A computerized business simulation for dental practice management.

Computerized simulations have been used for many years for teaching principles of management in business schools. This paper describes the development of a computerized business simulation for use in dental school practice management courses. The simulation is in a competitive game format. It requires students to formulate strategies and to implement management decisions that reinforce and fulfill that strategy. Participants use the outcomes of these decisions to formulate new management decisions for the upcoming period. Student response to participation in the simulation has been positive, with students indicating that participation is valuable for developing better understanding of analytical business management techniques and interpersonal techniques such as group process and leadership skills.

Commerce↗
PubMed2000

Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of blunt aortic injury: an EAST Practice Management Guidelines Work Group.

In summary, BAI is a lethal result of severe blunt trauma. It should be considered in all patients who sustained injury by a deceleration or acceleration mechanism, especially in the face of physical or radiographic findings suggestive of mediastinal injury. Angiography remains the "gold standard" for diagnosis, although CT scanning is taking more of a role, especially for screening. Diagnosis should be followed by prompt surgical repair using some method of distal perfusion to minimize renal and spinal cord ischemia. If prompt repair is not feasible because of other injuries or comorbidities, medical control of blood pressure is warranted in the interim.

Angiography↗
PubMed2002

The general practice management of epilepsy in Perth, Western Australia.

Ninety randomly selected general practitioners from the Perth metropolitan area completed a self-administered postal questionnaire aiming to examine the extent of their involvement with epilepsy and how closely their management mirrored best practice guidelines. GPs saw a median of 6 patients with epilepsy, mainly adults. They perceived complementary roles for GPs and neurologists: the GP providing ongoing support and education, monitoring treatment and making dosage adjustments; with the neurologist largely making the formal diagnosis and other management decisions. Only 42% regarded their knowledge of epilepsy as adequate for their practice. About half advised patients on the existence of the Epilepsy Association. Some respondents overestimated the usefulness of EEG. Plasma antiepileptic drug (AED) measurements were overvalued, with 69% of respondents performing plasma levels without regard to symptoms, and 20% would alter AED doses solely on the basis of plasma levels. GPs may tolerate very frequent seizures before referring their patients for more specialised evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Physician perceptions of and management practices for significant fetal drug exposure.

A random sample by questionnaire in 1989 of U.S. physicians' perceptions of and management practices for significant fetal drug exposure in the specialty/sub-specialty areas of genetics, neonatology, pediatrics, family practice, neurology, and obstetrics and gynecology was analyzed. Neonatologists reported the greatest number of cases of significant fetal drug exposure, with 45% seeing at least one case per week. Of all physicians, 88% felt that fetal drug exposure is underreported in medical histories, with no statistically significant differences noted in responses for scope of practice or physician age and gender. Review of management styles showed that most physicians recognize the potential problems of fetal drug exposure and the desired intervention. There was, however, a small group of physicians (less than 10%) who did not follow this pattern. Fetal drug exposure continues to be an area in which continuing professional and public education is desirable.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Management practices that concentrate visitor activities: camping impact management at Isle Royale National Park, USA.

This study assessed campsite conditions and the effectiveness of campsite impact management strategies at Isle Royale National Park, USA. Protocols for assessing indicators of vegetation and soil conditions were developed and applied to 156 campsites and 88 shelters within 36 backcountry campgrounds. The average site was 68 m2 and 83% of sites lost vegetation over areas less than 47 m2. We believe that management actions implemented to spatially concentrate camping activities and reduce camping disturbance have been highly successful. Comparisons of disturbed area/overnight stay among other protected areas reinforces this assertion. These reductions in area of camping disturbance are attributed to a designated site camping policy, limitation on site numbers, construction of sites in sloping terrain, use of facilities, and an ongoing program of campsite maintenance. Such actions are most appropriate in higher use backcountry and wilderness settings.

Camping↗
PubMed1999

Review of equine feeding and stable management practices in the UK concentrating on the last decade of the 20th century.

Equine feeding and stable management practices for horses kept in the UK vary greatly and it is probable that almost any permutation of regimen could be found somewhere. Unfortunately, there is uncertainty about the number of horses in the UK and very limited data are available on the ways horses are being fed and managed. This paper reviews some of the information that is available and provides an outline of some of the factors influencing the practices used. To a certain extent, the way UK horses are fed and managed primarily reflects the purpose for which they are kept (e.g. racing Thoroughbred vs. native breeding pony) as well as their location (urban vs. rural); the time of year; their breed/age as well as the owner's financial situation. In very general terms, the various ways that horses can be kept and managed fall between 2 extremes: the professional riders/owners/trainers who tend to keep horses and ponies either in large barns/stable yards managed by themselves or a head stable person and the more amateur competitor/leisure riders who tend to keep their horses at a livery yard or at their own or a friend's home. Many of these animals are kept under either part or full do-it-yourself (DIY) conditions. Common feeding practices range from feeding traditional home cereal-based mixes to feeding coarse mixes/pelleted compound manufactured feeds. Very few people, however, feed just a simple single grain or compound feed plus roughage diet. Many add other separate feeding stuffs and supplements including soaked sugar beet or straight molasses, primarily as palatability enhancers. Other common additions include cod liver oil, various types of vegetable oil, carrots, one or more vitamin/mineral mixes, herbal mixes and certain agents with ergogenic/performance-enhancing claims. Especially for horses used for competition purposes, provision of supplementary salt is common either by means of a salt block or lick or as an addition to the feed. The soaking of hay, for a variable time period, is another common practice. Although the type and amount of feed fed fundamentally varies according to the work load of the horse there tends to be marked seasonal variations in feeding practices due to the weather and the availability of pasture.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

Children's nurses' post-operative pain management practices: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Children continue to experience unrelieved moderate to severe pain post-operatively despite the evidence to guide practice being readily available. Previous studies have relied on self-report measures; there is a need to establish exactly how nurses manage children's pain in practice. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain how nurses actually manage post-operative pain in children and whether pain management practices adhere to current best practice guidelines. DESIGN: An observational study was carried out. Structured and unstructured data were collected. SETTING: A children's surgical ward in the English Midlands caring for children from birth to 16 years. PARTICIPANTS: Registered nurses (n=13) took part in the study. METHODS: Each participant was observed continuously for a period of 5 hours per shift for two to four shifts each. The role of the observer as participant was adopted whereby the researcher could shadow the nurse and act primarily as an observer. Data were collected for 36 shifts (185 hours). RESULTS: While nurses administered analgesic drugs when a child complained of pain, in most other areas practices did not conform to current recommendations and are in need of improvement. Nurses did not, for example, routinely assess a child's pain, nor use non-drug methods of pain relief on a regular basis. CONCLUSIONS: The sub-optimal pain management practices may be attributable to several factors. The professional culture of nursing and/or ward culture may result in poor pain management practices being perpetuated. Nurses may not have the requisite theoretical knowledge to manage pain effectively. A lack of priority may also be attributed to pain management. These areas need exploring further.

Adolescent↗