Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Postpartum Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effect of early post-partum mother-infant contact and breast-feeding promotion on the incidence and continuation of breast-feeding.

Three maternity hospital practices of post-partum mother-infant contact and breast-feeding promotion on the incidence and continuation of breast-feeding among 375 urban poor healthy Nicaraguan primigravid women were investigated. Infant feeding patterns were evaluated at 1 week and 4 months post-partum. Eighty-seven per cent of all infants initiated breast-feeding, but only 54% continued breast-feeding for at least 4 months. There was a significant association between both a short 45-min contact period and rooming-in combined with standard breast-feeding promotion, resulting in greater initial rates of breast-feeding (P less than 0.05). There was only a significant relationship between prolonged contact (rooming-in) and standard breast-feeding promotion and the continuation of breast-feeding (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that in populations in which a majority of women initiate breast-feeding, post-partum mother-infant contact practices combined with standardized breast-feeding promotion may influence the initial choice to breast-feed, but these practices alone are clearly not enough to prolong breast-feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Computer-assisted self-interview and nutrition education in pregnant teens.

The purpose of this study was to conduct computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) nutrition assessment in a pregnant, adolescent African American population to compare the effect of a nutrition education intervention with the standard dietitian consult on gestational weight gain patterns and postpartum weight retention. Control group (n = 24) and experimental group (n = 22) data obtained from the nutritional assessment and measurement of gestational weight gain/postpartum weight retention patterns were compared during the second trimester, third trimester, and 6 weeks postpartum to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The experimental group gained signficantly less weight during the first and second trimesters than the control group. During the third trimester gestational weight gain was significantly higher for the experimental group. Postpartum weight retention was signifcantly higher for the control group. There were no significant differences between maternal characteristics of the two groups. Fat content and daily caloric content of participants in the control group were significantly higher than the experimental group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: the validity of its Quebec version for a population low socioeconomic status mothers].

This paper investigates the construct validity and reliability of a Quebec version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for a population of low-socioeconomic-status mothers. This scale was constructed for the specific purpose of measuring mothers' symptoms of depression during the postnatal period in an effort to alleviate the validity problems that could arise from depression scales intended for the general population. Two hundred and twenty-four mothers participating in a Quebec prevention program, "Naître égaux, grandir en santé" (Martin & Boyer, 1995) filled out the EPDS between the 22nd and the 35th day postpartum. A confirmatory factor analysis, conducted with LISREL, gives a 2-factor structure for the EPDS, the first representing symptoms of depression and the second symptoms of anxiety. This structure differs from the one presented by Cox, Holden, and Sagovsky (1987), authors of the EPDS. It corresponds, however to the results of other authors who looked at the EPDS with confirmatory factor analysis (Pop, Komproe, & van Son, 1992) and indicates a good construct validity. The reliability of the scale also appears satisfactory, with a Cronbach alpha co-efficient of 0.82.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The relationship between diet, activity, and other factors, and postpartum weight change by race.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of dietary intake and activity level on postpartum weight change. METHODS: White (n = 121) and black (n = 224) women, 7-12 months postpartum, participating in the Special Supplemental Feeding Program for Women, Infants, and Children were assessed for dietary intake, activity level, body weight, and other maternal characteristics. RESULTS: For both black and white women, the most important variables in predicting postpartum weight loss were pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, parity, and prenatal exercise. After these factors were controlled, race predicted that black women retained 6.4 lb more than white women. These results may be due to the finding that black women reported significantly higher mean energy intake (2039 versus 1552 kcal, P < .001), higher percent fat in diet (41 versus 38%, P < .001), and significantly lower amounts of prenatal and postpartum activity. CONCLUSION: Higher energy intake and lower activity levels in black postpartum mothers compared with white mothers may contribute to the significantly higher rates of obesity found in black mothers. This study suggests the need for intervention strategies in the prenatal and postpartum periods to help those at risk of retaining weight gained during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sexual function during the puerperium.

Of 328 women interviewed at a postnatal clinic, 166 (50.6%) had resumed sexual intercourse, the average interval after delivery being 5 weeks postpartum. Of the various social and clinical factors examined, resumption of coitus was related only to marital status, vaginal laceration, and continuing vaginal bleeding. Of the sexually active group, 89% were practicing effective contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effects of intense training during and after pregnancy in top-level athletes.

This study investigates the effects of vigorous exercise during and after pregnancy in top competitive athletes. The hypothesis tested here is that training of sufficiently high volume during pregnancy can maintain initial fitness levels. A second hypothesis, that high-volume training during pregnancy in initially fit women does not pose a health risk for the mother or the fetus, was tested and found to hold in a prior report. The overall aim of the study was to define a safe training regime for the maintenance of fitness in top-level female athletes during pregnancy. Forty-one healthy athletes who had performed exercise regularly prior to conception were followed from gestational week 17 until 12 weeks postpartum while they performed standardized exercise programs. The subjects participated either in a high-volume exercise group (HEG, n=20, 8.4 h week(-1)) or in a medium-volume exercise group (MEG, n=21, 6 h week(-1)). The results show that well-trained women can benefit substantially from training at high volumes during an uncomplicated pregnancy. This can facilitate a rapid return to competitive athletics and physically active life after pregnancy. Guidelines for safe exercise by sufficiently fit women during pregnancy could be modeled on the high-volume exercise regime used here by the HEG.

Anaerobic Threshold↗
PubMed1979

Evaluating acceptance strategies for timing of postpartum contraception.

What is the best time after childbirth to accept contraception? The problem is to reduce overlap with postpartum anovulation, during which contraception is redundant, but simultaneously to reduce the proportion of women conceiving before contraception is inaugurated. Efficiencies of three classes of acceptance strategies at resolving this dilemma are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the postpartum acceptance rule because of its special administrative advantages. Its efficiency relative to those of other rules is found to be enhanced by conditions of short postpartum anovulation, a high proportion of ovulatory rather than anovulatory first menstrual cycles, a high level of natural fecundability, and, especially, a high level of contraceptive continuation.

Anovulation↗
PubMed1983

Demographic predictors of infant car seat use.

Demographic family data obtained from mothers exposed to an inpatient postpartum child restraint device (CRD) education program were correlated with the results of direct observations of how the infant was restrained at a two-week posthospital physical examination visit. Those correctly restraining their infants in an approved CRD were found to be from a higher socioeconomic group than those who did not use CRDs or used them incorrectly. Additionally, the group correctly using the CRD demonstrated a heightened interest in other aspects of preventive medicine and stated that they had a family dentist. This demographic profile enables prediction of which family is most likely to respond to traditional education programs and may be a first step in designing new or alternate approaches for reaching parents not influenced by currently employed instructional methods.

Automobiles↗
PubMed1988

Influence of exogenous melatonin and altered day length on reproductive performance of Polypay ewes.

Two experiments were designed to evaluate postlight treatment use of melatonin as a method of overcoming photorefractory response by measuring the lambing percentage of early-postpartum Polypay ewes bred either late in the breeding season or during anestrus. In Trial 1, pregnant ewes (n = 140) were assigned to one of three groups: 1) ambient photoperiod (control), 2) extended light (20 h) from October 21 to December 27, and 3) extended light as in Group 2, followed by supplemental feeding of 10 mg melatonin/head (hd) daily until April 6. Breeding started on February 3 and ended April 9. A greater percentage of ewes given extended light plus melatonin (54%) and extended light alone (45%) lambed than controls (24%) (P = 0.06). In Trial 2, pregnant ewes (n = 158) were assigned to groups as in Trial 1, except extended light was given to Groups 2 and 3 from January 1 to March 11, and Group 3 ewes were supplemented with 10 mg melatonin daily from March 12 to June 10. Breeding started April 18 and ended June 10. Lambing percentage was increased (P < 0.01) by extended light plus melatonin (54%) compared to controls (6%) or ewes given only extended light (10%). The shift from artificially extended light to the shorter ambient light with or without melatonin enhanced the lambing percentage of early postpartum ewes on an accelerated lambing program during breeding late in the season. However, only the more pronounced shift from long days to short days, accomplished with extended light plus melatonin, was effective in inducing out-of-season breeding in Polypay ewes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Does regular massage from late pregnancy to birth decrease maternal pain perception during labour and birth?--A feasibility study to investigate a programme of massage, controlled breathing and visualization, from 36 weeks of pregnancy until birth.

The present study was undertaken to produce a detailed specification of a programme of massage, controlled breathing and visualization performed regularly by birth partners, from 36 weeks gestation and assisted by a trained professional, following hospital admission during labour and birth. As current research on massage interventions for pain relief in labour is poorly characterized, we began by undertaking a feasibility study on an established massage programme [Goldstone LA. Massage as an orthodox medical treatment past and future. Complementary Therapies in Nursing & Midwifery. 2000;6:169-75]. The intervention was designed in light of experimental findings that repeated massage sessions over 14 days increases pain threshold, by an interaction between oxytocin and opioid neurons [Lund I, Yu L-C, Uvnas-Moberg K, Wang J, Yu C, Kurosawa M, et al. Repeated massage-like stimulation induces long-term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002;16:330-8]. A 4 week time-frame was selected to coincide with a physiological increase in maternal pain threshold [Cogan R, Spinnato JA. Pain and Discomfort Thresholds in Late Pregnancy. Pain 1986;27:63-8, Whipple B, Josimovich JB, Komisaruk BR. Sensory thresholds during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. International Journal of Nursing Studies 1990;27(3):213-21, Gintzler AR, Komisaruk BR. Analgesia is produced by uterocervical mechano-stimulation in rats: roles of afferent nerves and implications for analgesia of pregnancy and parturition. Brain Research 1991;566:299-302, Gintzler AR, Liu N-J. The maternal spinal cord: biochemical and physiological correlates of steroid-activated antinociceptive processes. In: Russell JA, Douglas AJ, Windle RJ, Ingram CD, editors., Progress in Brain Research. Volume 133. The Maternal Brain. Neurobiological and Neuroendocrine adaptation and disorders in pregnancy and postpartum. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2001. p. 83-97]. The main objective was to measure the effects of the programme on maternal pain perception during labour and birth. To detect any effect of massage during labour, on maternal cortisol and catecholamines, cord venous blood was taken to measure plasma concentrations following birth. Twenty-five nulliparous (N) and 10 multiparous (M) women participated in the study. Cortisol values were similar to published studies following labour without massage but pain scores on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), at 90min following birth were significantly lower than scores recorded 2 days postpartum [Capogna G, Alahuhta S, Celleno D, De Vlieger H, Moreira J, Morgan B, et al. Maternal expectations and experiences of labour pain and analgesia: a multi-centre study of nulliparous women. International Journal of Obstetric Anaesthesia 1996;5:229-35]. The mean score was 6.6. Previous studies suggest that a reduction from 8.5 to 7.5 would significantly reduce pharmacological analgesia in labour [Capogna G, Alahuhta S, Celleno D, De Vlieger H, Moreira J, Morgan B, et al. Maternal expectations and experiences of labour pain and analgesia: a multi-centre study of nulliparous women. International Journal of Obstetric Anaesthesia 1996;5:229-35].

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Partitioning of energy during lactation of primiparous beef cows.

For a beef cow to continue in an annual production cycle, she must rebreed within 3 mo after calving. Malnutrition during this period frequently results in failure of the cow to become pregnant. The energetic needs of the cow are increased by lactation, and additional energy is required for growth of the primiparous cow. Determining energy expenditures during the first 40 to 60 d postpartum is critical to developing feed programs that will allow cows to become pregnant with a second calf. Sixty-seven balance trials were conducted on 25 MARC III cows (4-breed composite: (1/4) Hereford, (1/4) Angus, (1/4) Red Poll, and (1/4) Pinzgauer) that were between 3 and 53 d in milk. Cows' BW were 481 +/- 4 kg. Metabolizable energy intake ranged from 14.8 to 28.9 Mcal/d. Milk yields ranged from 4.7 to 13.3 kg/d. Recovered energy (RE) increased linearly with increased ME intake. Forty-seven observations were obtained with cows in negative tissue energy (TE) balance, and 20 observations were obtained with cows in positive TE balance. Estimated zero RE from regression analysis of RE on ME intake was 146 kcal of ME/kg of BW(0.75). Efficiency of conversion of ME to lactation energy (LE) was 72%. The efficiency for conversion of ME to TE and the conversion of TE to LE was 78%. Our findings suggest that, even though their milk production is lower, the overall efficiency of energy retention in young beef cows is similar to that of dairy cows.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

More than personal change: effective elements of symptom management.

Symptoms are the most common reason people seek health care. Although the menstrual cycle, a normative process, is not a chronic illness, about 10% to 15% of women experience severe recurring symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle that can be considered a chronic illness. Severe perimenstrual symptoms, although distressing for some women, provide a model for understanding complex gender-specific conditions that include biological, psychosocial, and cultural factors, and have application to other women's health problems such as stress-related conditions (heart disease, arthritis, immune system disorders), psychiatric disorders, or normative menstrual cycle transitions (menarche, postpartum, menopause). The Perimenstrual Symptom Management Program, developed by the author, was evaluated to determine the short-term and long-term effectiveness of a multimodal, nonpharmacological treatment package aimed at relieving the symptom and stress experience as well as increasing health behaviors. Selected results from this longitudinal clinical trial will be presented along with examples of effective elements of personal and environmental strategies for symptom management and health promotion. Recommendations for clinical application of these research findings will be presented with a focus on both patient outcomes and intervention processes for personal and environmental therapeutic change.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prescription drug use in lactating mothers: an experience at a referral hospital and in a community in India.

The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of prescription drugs administered for common disorders during the post partum period. This is a prospective survey of disorders and drug use in 1) immediate postpartum mothers (n = 200) admitted to the maternity wards, 2) in post-natal hospital follow-up clinic (n = 200) and in 3) the rural home based community (n = 100). A pretested questionnaire was filled in by medical officers after interviewing the mothers. The mean age of the mothers was 25 years and a literacy rate of 50% above the 10th grade. Over 80% of the women were multigravida in the entire sample; 45% underwent Caesarean Section in a hospital; 97.6% had a normal delivery in the community. In the hospital settings 4.1% infants had jaundice and 1% had congenital anomalies. In the community setting, diarrhoea and pneumonia was seen in 2.6% of the infants. Apart from the use of nutritional supplements, such as iron, calcium, multivitamins etc., most commonly prescribed drugs were analgesics (in 70% of patients in the hospital settings, 56% of the patients in the postnatal clinic and 37.6% patients in the community), and antibiotics (90% of the patients in the hospital settings, 86% of the patients in the postnatal clinic and 13% of the community based patients). Antihypertensives agents (2.5% of the patients), digoxin (1.5% of the patients), bronchodilators (1% of the patients) and sedatives (3.5% of the patients) were prescribed to admitted patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Post-puerperal Cu-T insertion: a prospective study.

One hundred and sixty eight consecutive women accepting copper T (CuT) intrauterine contraceptive device in the post-puerperal period were studied. Out of them, 63 could be followed after 6 weeks of insertion and 65 after 6 months of insertion. The risk of heavy bleeding, pain in abdomen etc. were no greater than those usually found when interval CuT insertion is carried out. There was no case of uterine perforation leading to migration of CuT. But the expulsion rate was found to be high i.e. 16.4%. CuT is a very useful post-puerperal contraceptive method and should be given more importance in MCH programme.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Screening for depression among pregnant and postpartum women.

The purpose of this study was to examine the screening of depression among pregnant and postpartum participants in a community-based program. This cross-sectional study used archival data from 98 women participating in a community-based visiting nurse program in a midwestern U.S. city. Depression screening was accomplished using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS); both instruments ask respondents to answer questions regarding their mood during the past week. The CES-D identified more pregnant and postpartum women as depressed than did the EPDS. A standard regression analysis using previous pregnancies, history of depression, married versus nonmarried, presence of support, and breast-feeding as predictor variables did not produce statistically significant findings for predicting depression among the pregnant and postpartum women in this study. This finding underscores the value of brief depression screening instruments for nurses working with pregnant and postpartum women.

Adolescent↗