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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Histological study of different organs in clinically healthy Amazon parrots].

Histologic examination of organs of clinically healthy amazons was carried out. Only variations from the chicken are presented, among others: Occurrence of a complex of vessels and many Herbst' corpuscles in the nasal cavity; evidence of a thick muscular layer as well as many Herbst' corpuscles and nerve fibers as the cover of the syrinx; demonstration of muscular trabeculae in the parabronchia; detection of an artery accompanying the testes with muscular layers reaching into the adventitia and many nerve fibers; very small numbers of active lymph follicles within the white pulp of the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Vocal control pathways through the anterior forebrain of a parrot (Melopsittacus undulatus).

A feature of the telencephalic vocal control system in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) that has been hypothesized to represent a profound difference in organization from the oscine vocal system is its reported lack of an inherent circuit through the anterior forebrain. The present study reports anatomical connections that indicate the existence of an anterior forebrain circuit comparable in important ways to the "recursive" pathway of oscine songbirds. Results from anterograde and retrograde tracing experiments with biocytin and fluorescently labeled dextran amines indicate that the central nucleus of the anterior archistriatum (AAc) is the source of ascending projections upon the oval nuclei of the anterior neostriatum and ventral hyperstriatum (NAo and HVo, respectively). Efferent projections from the latter nuclei terminate in the lateral neostriatum afferent to AAc, thereby forming a short recurrent pathway through the pallium. Previously reported projections from HVo and NAo upon the magnocellular nucleus of the lobus parolfactorius (LPOm), and after LPOm onto the magnocellular nucleus of the dorsal thalamus (DMm; G.F. Striedter [1994] J. Comp. Neurol. 343:35-56), are confirmed. A specific projection from DMm onto NAom is also demonstrated; therefore, a recurrent pathway through the basal forebrain also exists in the budgerigar vocal system that is similar to the anterior forebrain circuit of oscine songbirds. Parallels between these circuits and mammalian basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits are discussed. It is hypothesized that vocal control nuclei of the avian anterior neostriatum may perform a function similar to the primate supplemental motor area.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1999

Assessing parental effort in a Neotropical parrot: a comparison of methods.

Various behavioural or body condition indices are frequently used to measure avian parental effort. To determine which of the indices provide meaningful short-term assessments of parental effort, we used four of them concurrently on breeding green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus, and then compared the results with field metabolic rate (FMR) measurements obtained using the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique. Nest provisioning rate correlated significantly with FMR among both males and females, while proportion of time away from the nest was correlated with FMR in females but not in males. Adult mass change during the breeding cycle and feeding latency were both unrelated to FMR. Our results suggest researchers should be cautious in assuming that any indirect method of quantifying parental effort is reliable for a particular species. We also tested whether the relatively invasive DLW protocol causes potentially confounding changes in study animals' subsequent behaviour. Paired observations before and after DLW injection showed no measurable changes in parrotlet nest attendance patterns or nest provisioning rate. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Phlebotomus sergenti parrot, 1917: morphological and isoenzymatic comparisons of two natural populations from Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and Crete (Greece).

Samples of two Phlebotomus sergenti natural populations from San Juan (Tenerife), representing the western edge of the distribution area of this species, and Axos (Crete) were collected. The morphological comparison showed marked differences in the lengths of parts of the male genitalia, female pharynx, and spermathecae. The isoenzyme study revealed characteristic monomorphic phenotypes for glucose phosphate isomerase, hexokinase, and phosphoglucomutase in the Canarian specimens as compared with the Cretan population. These results confirm the heterogeneity of P. sergenti and indicate the utility of a systematic double approach for a revision of this taxon.

Animals↗