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PubMed2003

[Cerebrospinal fluid filtration as experimental therapy in therapy refractory psychoses in Borna disease virus seropositive patients. Therapeutic effects, findings].

According to previous investigations, mild Borna disease virus encephalitis may underlie a subgroup of affective or schizophrenic type psychoses. And virus-induced immune pathology may underlie even a larger subgroup of psychoses. We treated BDV seropositive patients suffering from therapy resistant schizophrenic or affective spectrum psychoses by cerebrospinal fluid filtration (CSFF) in an experimental add-on treatment. CSFF was shown previously to be an effective immune modulatory treatment in autoimmune neurological disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome. CSFF appears to be an effective treatment in therapy resistant psychosis also, but only 4 patients were treated yet.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[Differential diagnosis of endogenous psychoses in relation to a symptom catalog].

The paper introduces a catalog of symptoms to promote in the field of endogenous psychoses differentiated diagnosis, at the same time constituting a prognosis. Symptoms should be more minutely differentiated than is customary in psychiatric questionnaires. Manic-depressive disorders and purely phasal psychoses are distinguished solely in the clinical evaluation. Thus benign cycloid psychoses can be distinguished from malignant unsystematic schizophrenia.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1987

[Predictors of the course of affective psychoses. A catamnestic study].

A catamnestic study of patients with affective psychoses was carried out in order to identify prognostic criteria of the long-term course of affective psychoses. 34 patients fallen ill for the first time were examined at an average of 6 years after the onset of the disease. 14 patients showed a chronic course, 20 patients appeared not being chronically ill. Chronicity was defined operationally with respect to the catamnestic course and to the findings of the follow-up. The AMDP coded admission data of the two groups were analysed to find out prognostic criteria. The following variables were identified as predictors of a good course of affective psychoses: Vocational advancement and higher monthly income before the onset of the disease, the role of the only bread-winner, symptoms of stupor, sleep disturbances as well as the lack of retardation of thinking and tearfulness. Younger age at the onset of the disease, lacking drug therapy during the catamnestic period and a short hospital treatment during the first phase correlate with a non-chronical course.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Process and phasic psychoses according to ICD-9 classification].

101 in-patients were diagnosed according to the ICD-9 and the Frankfurt (FC) classifications. The latter classification used the glossary of the AMDP system, and the Andreasen scale (SANS). 94% of the FC process psychoses were diagnosed as schizophrenia according to ICD-9 and 78% of the atypical phasic psychoses (FC) as schizoaffective schizophrenia (ICD-9). On the other hand, only 55% of the ICD-9 schozophrenias could be classified as a FC process psychosis. The results confirm the assumption that the ICD-9 classification is not helpful in distinguishing phasic from non-phasic psychoses. Advantages of a classification based on phasic or non-phasic course are mentioned. Finally it is emphasized that the operationalization of concepts (either classic or new), the polydiagnostic, and the use of international glossaries (like the AMDP system) are an unavoidable step for the development and extension of the psychiatric research in Latin America.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Genetic factor in reactive psychoses (concerning their possible hereditary heterogeneity)].

The authors analyzed clinical and genealogical findings about the psychopathological aggravation of heredity in patients with reactive psychoses. The data were collected by studying a familial history in an epidemiological forensic-psychiatric sample of psychogenic psychoses. A conclusion is made about genetic heterogeneity of psychogenic paranoids and psychogenic depressions as well as hysterical and endoformic psychogenic psychoses on the whole.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Paranoid reactions and psychoses of the involutional age].

The first part of the paper gives a view of paranoid conditions and the criteria used for differentiation using the international classification of diseases of the world-health organisation. With this background the paranoid psychoses occurring characteristically during midlife are presented in their typical expression. In the second part using own investigations the characteristic course is presented using syndromal and course-related criteria. In the third part of the paper the relationship of this psychoses to midlife from psychological and sociological viewpoints will be addressed with the conclusion to extrapolate from the total group of paranoid psychoses. In the closing fourth part they will be mentioned as characteristic examples of a multidimensional therapeutic endeavour.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[An epidemiologic approach to psychoses].

This study is an epidemiological approach of psychoses based on morbidity statistics from french psyschiatric hospitals for the years 1968, 1971 and 1975. It compares some of the most interesting census and first admission data for the following categories: manic-depressive psychoses, chronic schizophrenia and paranoid states on the one hand, neurotic conditions, personality disorders and non-psychotic depressions on the other. Major trends are analysed. Two of them seem particularly interesting: 1) the decreasing number of cases classified as manic-depressive psychoses; 2) the diminishing proportion of females in most instances. Some explanatory hypotheses are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Pathomorphosis of reactive psychoses].

Comparative clinicostatistical, epidemiological and catamnestic investigation was carried out in two groups of patients with reactive psychoses (a total of 982 subjects) recorded at medico-legal expert testimony in 1950--1960 (I group) and in 1961--1972 (II group). It was found that in the recent decade reactive psychoses are rarely transformed and course in the presence of less vitalistic affective disorders with a tendency to increasing hysterical symptoms; the relapses are not rather long and severe, and they lead to postreactive psychic changes less frequently. It is suggested that reactive psychoses are subject to essential pathomorphism which has clinical importance and optimistic prognosing.

Asthenia↗
PubMed1977

[Pathodynamics of symbiotic psychoses].

The definition and division of symbiontic psychoses (induced insanity, folieà deux,, psychosis of association) and their significance for the genesis of delusional developments are referred to at the beginning of the paper. After a presentation of environmental reactions on delusion, personality traits and mutual dependence in the predominance-subordination relationship of the partners of delusional symbioses are pointed out. The isolation of this symbiosis against the environment and its influence on this loneliness by twos are demonstrated. Besides the described suppositions, the primary delusion is essential for the pathodynamics of symbiontic psychoses because the delusional structure of the primary delusion, its compositional elements and especially the delusional motif are decisive for the transformation of a symbiosis which is still stable into a pathological we-formation. 5 case histories illustrate the pathodynamics of symbiontic psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Clinical picture of hallucinatory-paranoid psychoses in cerebral atherosclerosis].

As a result of a clinico-psychopathological study of atherosclerotic hallucinatory-paranoid (endoform) psychoses the author eliminated 3 syndromological forms: 1) hallucinatory, 2) paranoid, 3) paranoid with their clinical variants. according to their development and clinical expression the endoform hallucinatory-paranoid psychoses are differentiated into acute transitory (exogenous type of reaction) and chronic progressive. Clinico-anotomical correlations demonstrated that of acute psychoses large focal changes are more typical, while of chronic--multiple small foci--brain lesions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Family picture studies in patients with paranoid psychoses].

Among the first-degree relatives of 77 patients with delusional functional psychoses the authors found 13 schizophrenics (3.10%), 8 manic-depressives (1.91%) and 14 cases with atypical psychoses (3.34%), following ICD-9 criteria. These figures were compared with the figures in the literature on the genetics of paranoid schizophrenics and nonschizophrenic paranoids, regarding the different composition of the samples. Subdivision of the original 77 patients, using the concept of the axial syndromes, was able to form two homogeneous subgroups of first-degree relatives: one with a schizophrenia prevalence of 6.52% (uncorrected) and without any manic-depressive secondary cases (endogenomorphic-schizophrenic axial syndrome) and another with a manic-depressive illness (MDI) prevalence of 6.58% (uncorrected) without any secondary cases with schizophrenia or atypical psychosis. The first-degree relatives of the patients with an 'organomorphic' axial syndrome (usually excluded in other studies) had an increased rate of manic-depressive secondary cases (3.57%, uncorrected) and the highest rate of atypical psychosis (7.14%) without any schizophrenics, according to the etiopathogenetic heterogeneity of this group. 37 of the 77 patients were not assignable to any of the axial syndromes. In the first-degree relatives of these patients--best comparable to Kendler's criteria for 'delusional disorder'--an increased rate of schizophrenics and atypical psychoses was found (3.59 and 3.08%, uncorrected); the figures for MDI were within normal limits. Our results suggest that the axial syndromes are a useful diagnostic instrument in identifying--from the genetic standpoint--in part very homogeneous subgroups. This allows the conclusion that they are indicators for hypothetical basic disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical features of schizophrenia manifesting itself as transitory psychoses].

The clinical features as well as prognosis of schizophrenia manifesting by acute transient psychoses at a mature age were studied in 80 patients. Two types of manifesting attacks were described: the first one developed as an affective delirious state with fantastic subject matter of delirious emotional experience and with clouded consciousness; the second one developed as an acute paranoid. The latent period characterized by contractive reactive lability preceded transient psychoses as the disease manifestation. Psychic disorders that followed depended on the reactive lability of the latent period. The clinical course was slow-progressive; the repeated "clishe"-like attacks developed transiently. External pathogenic effects influence on transient psychoses clinical course is discussed. The peculiar variants of schizophrenic psychosis developing as transient attacks, which appeared to be reactions by their mechanism but fhyft by their clinical matter, are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Age and infectious psychoses in children and adolescents].

Infectious psychoses were studied clinically in 60 children divided into three age groups: 3-7 years, 7-12 years and 12-17 years. Acute respiratory diseases, influenza, tonsillitis, otitis were the etiologic factors of psychoses. Short-term delirium states characterized by visual and tactile hallucinations prevailed in the first group. Affective-asthenic syndromes prevailed in the second group children. Their psychoses were characterized by both visual and acoustic illusions. Protracted or periodical disorders of the consciousness including psychosensory, senestopathic and depersonalization ones prevailed in the third group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Affective psychoses following renal transplant.

Six patients who developed affective psychoses following renal transplantation ae reported. Each patient was treated, with careful management, with an appropriate somatic therapy (including phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, electroconvulsive treatments and lithium carbonate). The results of this treatment approach were uniformaly successful. The similarity ofthe affective psychoses that developed in this patient population and those previously described psychoses attributed to steroid therapy is commented upon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Mediagenic psychoses].

Disturbances of psychotic intensity resulting from external trauma at times of crisis and tension have been described in the literature, particularly in combat reactions, including the Saddam syndrome. Acute psychoses as reactions to mystical-religious fervor have also been described. We describe 2 clusters of patients admitted with an acute, delusional, psychotic picture against the background of the Vanunu treason trial and later the strong messianic expectations aroused among the followers of the Rebbe of Lubavitch. Both of these events received extensive coverage in the Israeli press and electronic telecommunication media. The emergence of the mental disturbances and the content of the psychoses were linked to the particularly strident and dramatic media coverage of these 2 events. The impact of the reports of wide-spread messianic fantasies in the contemporary news bulletins on those with preexisting premorbid sensitivity was sufficient to trigger the psychoses. The delusional content was topical, and not that of the traditional psychotic delusions such as that of being Napoleon. This emphasizes that not only an authentic major external trauma such as a war is capable of triggering psychosis, but also emotionladen, stressful news items, frequently repeated in the media (such as reports of espionage or messianic fervor), may have similar effects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

A practical approach to the management of psychoses.

The importance of differentiating between the organic and functional psychoses is stressed. The salient features of the different types of functional psychoses are discussed and the management of the psychoses is approached from biological, psychological and sociological angles at the same time. Corroboration of history by concerned relatives or friends is deemed indispensable.

Community Psychiatry↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnosis of mixed psychoses].

The author presents a review of views on so-called "medium or mixed" endogenous psychoses, starting with Kraepelin and Bleuler to the present time, the creation of the term "schizoaffective psychosis (disorder)" in diagnostic classifications. He draws attention to the still persisting influence of Kraepelin-Bleuler diagnostics, incl. their controversial character as regards the classification of so-called "mixed psychoses". Other diagnostic concepts were either completely or are enforced with great difficulties. On the diagnosis of schizoactive psychosis the author demonstrates the changing understanding of its contents and thus also the controversial attitude to the diagnosis in the course of time which was reflected in the development of diagnostic classifications. The paper also comprises the author's study of the frequency of diagnosis of endogenous psychic disorders in the Psychiatric Research Institute (present name Psychiatric Centre Prague) in the course of 29 years. The study indicates that from the sixties the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder played the role of a buffer between the schizophrenic and manic-depressive area. It helped to solve ranae of the unstable concept of schizophrenia and classification of atypical forms of endogenous psychoses. The study indicates that there exists possibly a closer relation between the schizoaffective disorder and affective disorders than with schizophrenia. In the conclusion the author appreciates the asset of classifications DSM-III and ICD-10 for the definition and differentiation of schizoaffective disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Psychoses in children and adolescents: a review.

The differential diagnosis of psychoses in children and adolescents encompasses a wide range of disorders. The interpretation of psychotic symptoms in these patients must consider age, developmental level, symptomatology, and etiology for an appropriate DSM-IV diagnosis. Previous classifications of psychoses provided little information about the underlying processes or possible treatment. Clinical experience suggests that psychotic manifestations in young patients are influenced by developmental stage and that eliciting target symptoms from a young patient necessitates using and understanding the youth's language. Proper patient assessment demands interviews with family and collaborative sources, as well as endocrine, metabolic, neurologic, infectious, and toxicologic laboratory evaluations. Treatment involves interventions aimed at all spheres of life. The prognosis and outcome are generally poor in early-onset psychoses and are complicated by comorbidities.

Adolescent↗