Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PSOROPTES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The in vitro response of sheep scab mites to pyrethroid insecticides.

The response of sheep scab mites to pyrethroid insecticides and organophosphate compounds was studied in vitro with the objective of finding a simple test for detecting insecticide resistance in scab mites. Psoroptes cuniculi from rabbits or P. ovis from sheep were enclosed in small 'tea bags' made from heat sealable paper prior to dipping in insecticide. Mites failed to die 24 h after a 1 min dip in working concentrations of insecticidal sheep dips. With flumethrin a variety of different conditions were tested but most failed to improve the efficacy of flumethrin. It is suggested with freshly collected mites pyrethroids may be taken up by ingestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Arthropod parasites of Nubian ibexes (Capra ibex nubiana) and gazelles (Gazella gazella) in Israel.

In a 20-year survey the following ectoparasites were collected from Nubian ibexes: larvae of an unidentified Oestrus sp. collected from the nasal cavities, sinuses and horns, hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena chalcomelaena) specific to the Nubian ibex, blood sucking lice (Linognathus africanus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.). Ibexes were severely infested with the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus; a few Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum ticks were also collected. In five ibexes kept in two zoos, showing otitis, Psoroptes cuniculi, was identified, and from skin scrpaings of nine animals with severe dermatitis in three other zoos, Sarcoptes scabiei was isolated. Infestation of Nubian ibexes with sucking and biting lice as well as H. anatolicum excavatum is reported for the first time. The ectoparasites collected from gazelles were: hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena capreoli), calliphorid flies (Lucilia sericata and Calliphora sp.), sucking lice (Linognathus africanus and Solenopotes capillatus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.), fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis), and ticks, B. annulatus, Rhipicepahlus bursa, Rhipicephalus turanicus, H. anatolicum excavatum and H. marginatum rufipes. In skin scrapings of four gazelles with local dermatitis in the fetlocks Chorioptes bovis was identified. Neoschoengastia sp. was found in craters between the claws in three gazelles.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Status of Dorper sheep as hosts of ectoparasites.

Seventeen ixodid tick species or subspecies have been collected from Dorper sheep in South Africa. The diseases transmitted or the conditions caused by these ticks in sheep are discussed. Although Dorper sheep may be infested with the scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, this does not seem to cause production losses. These sheep may, however, serve as a source of mite infestation for woolled sheep. The majority of Dorper sheep are infested with the larvae of the nasal bot fly, Oestrus ovis, they may also be subject to myiasis caused by the larvae of two calliphorid flies. In certain regions of the country Dorper sheep are prone to serious fly worry by female Simulium chutteri. Although Dorper sheep may be infested by various louse species these do not seem to reach large numbers or cause production losses.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The growth of sheep scab lesions in relation to sheep breed and time of the year.

Numerically equal groups of between five and ten young Merino and Dorper sheep were artificially infested with sheep scab mites, Psoroptes ovis. Separate groups of sheep were infested during the early winter of two successive years as well as during the early summer of the second year. Lesion growth was measured at two-weekly intervals for a period of six weeks during the first winter and for eight weeks during the second winter and in the summer. The rate of lesion growth and mean lesion size on Merino sheep was significantly greater than that on Dorper sheep at each two-weekly recording during the winter of both years. The rate of growth of the lesions did not differ significantly between the two sheep breeds during summer, although, with the exception of eight weeks post-infestation, the mean lesion size on Merino sheep was significantly larger than that on Dorper sheep at each assessment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Outbreak of sheep scab on two adjacent common alpine pastures in the canton of Schwyz (Switzerland)].

Sheep scab, which is caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis, is a notifiable disease in Switzerland. In the framework of an epidemiological study in the canton of Schwyz, a sheep scab outbreak on 2 adjacent alpine pastures with 62 flocks (1770 sheep) was followed up clinically, parasitologically and serologically. No mass treatment of the flocks with organophosphates or avermectins had been undertaken before the flocks were taken up to the alpine pastures, but they were treated according to their serological status. Supervised treatment of seropositive judged flocks (at least one seropositive or at least 2 serologically equivocal animals per flock) with Doramectin was undertaken, whilst seronegative judged flocks remained untreated. Sheep returned from the summer pastures in early September 2001 and within three months scab infestation was diagnosed in 53 flocks (85.5%). These infested flocks were scattered all over the canton. Furthermore, the transfer of sheep from 6 infested flocks resulted in the transmission of the disease to 10 new flocks. Infested flocks were kept in quarantine and sanitized. The complexity of the traditional use of shared alpine pastures and the intense, uncontrolled trading with animals render the control of sheep scab difficult.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2002

Control and eradication of animal diseases in New Zealand.

New Zealand is free from all the major epidemic (Office International des Epizooties List A) diseases of animals and other important diseases, such as rabies and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The once endemic conditions of sheep scab (Psoroptes ovis), bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus), hydatids (Echinococcus granulosus) and Aujeszky's disease have been eradicated. Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) is no longer considered endemic and Pullorum disease (Salmonella Pullorum) has effectively been eradicated from commercial poultry flocks. There are current control programmes for bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis), enzootic bovine leucosis in dairy cattle, infectious bursal disease, ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis), and caprine arthritis encephalitis. Historically, incursions by three important non-endemic diseases, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, classical swine fever and scrapie, have been successfully eliminated. Any new occurrence of a serious exotic disease would be dealt with swiftly using powerful legislative authorities available for the purpose.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Dexamethasone-induced bovine T-lymphocyte suppression and the effect upon susceptibility to sheep scab mite (Acari: Psoroptidae) infestation.

The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone was used to suppress bovine T-lymphocyte function. Dexamethasone-treated animals were challenged with Psoroptes ovis (Hering) to determine if the immunosuppressive treatment would normalize susceptibility to infestation. Dexamethasone suppressed T-lymphocyte function and anti-P. ovis antibody production, and delayed the onset of scab lesions. All animals were not equally susceptible to infestation as a result of dexamethasone treatment. These data further support the importance of anti-P. ovis antibody in colonization of cattle by P. ovis and the pathology associated with scab mite infestation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Seasonal allergic dermatitis in sheep associated with Ctenocephalides and Culicoides bites.

The clinical, epidemiological and histopathological findings of two pruritic dermatites in sheep in Israel are described. The first type of dermatitis affected mainly young animals with lesions predominantly on the legs. It occurred from March to November, with a peak in June. The second type affected animals of all ages and was mainly on the ventrum. It was sporadic but occurred throughout the year with a peak in October. The morbidity rate of this syndrome reached 4.3% in one flock. The histopathology of both conditions was consistent with an allergic dermatitis. Fleas and midges were collected and identified as Ctenocephalides felis felis and various species of Culicoides. The population density, seasonal activity, geographical distribution and feeding behaviour preferences of the insects and the incidence of the two types of dermatitis suggest that fleas and midges were the causal agents. Flea and midge bite pruritic dermatoses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sarcoptic and psoroptic mange.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mycoplasmas and mites in the ears of clinically normal goats.

Mycoplasmas were detected in the external ear canal of goats by swabbing and culture. Up to 10(8) colony forming units were recovered from single swabs. The resulting cultures were usually mixtures of mycoplasmas containing up to 5 species. The species present in sequential swabs varied. Pathogenic species (M.agalactiae, M.capricolum, M.mycoides subsp. capri, M.mycoides subsp. mycoides of the large colony (LC) type, M.putrefaciens) were isolated from the ears and in addition 3 untyped mycoplasmas G, U and V were often present. The same mycoplasmas were found in large numbers in the mites Psoroptes cuniculi and Raillietia caprae which were sometimes present in the external ear canal. The role of the mycoplasmas in the external ear canal as a source of infection and disease and of the mites in the spread of infection requires further elucidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The efficacy of showers for control of ectoparasites of sheep.

Ectoparasites of sheep in Britain include the tick Ixodes ricinus, the blowfly, Lucilia sericata, the ked, Melophagus ovinus and the lice, Damalinia ovis and Linognathus ovillus. The most important ectoparasite, however, is the mite Psoroptes communis ovis which causes sheep scab. This notifiable disease was eradicated from Britain in 1952 but was reported again in 1973. The control of ectoparasites depends largely on the efficient application of insecticide to the fleece and skin. Plunge dipping in a bath is generally regarded as the most efficient method and is compulsory for the control of sheep scab but it is not always the most convenient. After the eradication of sheep scab in 1952 plunge dipping was no longer compulsory and jetting, spraying and showering techniques were then employed for the other ectoparasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Clinical and pharmacological properties of ivermectin in rabbits and guinea pigs.

When 400 micrograms ivermectin/kg was administered subcutaneously to rabbits infected with the ear mite Psoroptes cuniculi it significantly reduced the clinical score, and when 500 micrograms ivermectin/kg was administered subcutaneously to guinea pigs with mange due to Trixacaurus caviae it resulted in a clinical cure. In rabbits a subcutaneous dose of 400 micrograms/kg produced high and sustained concentrations of ivermectin in the tissues and body fluids for at least 13 days and its rate of depletion from tissues was similar to that observed in sheep and rats. The mean (+/- sem) maximum concentration in plasma was 42.0 +/- 9.7 ng/ml 37.2 +/- 5.0 hours after administration and the area under the concentration-time curve was 3543 +/- 580 ng/ml hours. After the administration of 500 micrograms ivermectin/kg to guinea pigs orally, subcutaneously or topically the drug could be detected in the plasma only after subcutaneous administration. The mean concentration 72 hours after its administration to four guinea pigs was 0.7 +/- 0.3 ng/ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of abamectin against ectoparasites of cattle.

Four trials, using 48 European breed cattle, were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of abamectin against the louse species Linognathus vituli, Haematopinus eurysternus and Damalinia bovis and against the mange mites Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis and Psoroptes ovis. Animals were allocated by restricted randomisation based on parasite counts to treatment with abamectin at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg given subcutaneously or to an untreated control group. Ectoparasites were counted before treatment and at weekly intervals thereafter for eight weeks. L. vituli, H eurysternus and S scabiei var bovis were eliminated (P < 0.05) by day 7 after abamectin treatment. An efficacy of more than 99 per cent was recorded against P ovis mange mites. The biting louse D bovis was not controlled. Abamectin treatment increased the weight gain of cattle infested with ectoparasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of a phyto-aromatic gel against auricular manage in rabbits and carnivores.

The efficacy of a phyto-aromatic gel (Canidor) was evaluated, in vitro against Psoroptes cuniculi and in vivo against P cuniculi and Otodects cynotis, in experimentally and naturally infested rabbits and domestic carnivores respectively. At a 1/1 dilution the gel was 100 per cent active in vitro against P cuniculi after less than six hours of contact. In experimentally infested rabbits the gel was administered daily during two periods of five consecutive days, six days apart. A clinical cure was achieved in all the animals, but two harboured a few eggs and mites at the end of the trial. In dogs and cats the active formulation was given for two periods of four consecutive days, seven days apart. Clinical and parasitological examinations 10 and 30 days after initiating the treatment regiment revealed an excellent acaricidal effect.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence and regional distribution of scab, lice and blowfly strike in Great Britain.

The prevalence of psoroptic mange (sheep scab), louse infestation and blowfly strike in sheep in Great Britain between March 2003 and February 2004 was investigated by means of a retrospective postal survey, stratified by region. Of the 3530 questionnaires sent out, 1067 were returned completed, a response rate of 30.2 per cent. Overall, 9 per cent of the farmers reported at least one outbreak of scab, 10.7 per cent reported an outbreak of lice and 75 per cent reported at least one case of blowfly strike. A mean of 1.4 per cent of ewes were struck by blowfly and 2.8 per cent of lambs. There were strong regional variations in disease prevalence, with scab and lice infestation being highest in Wales, Scotland and the north of England and blowfly strike highest in the south west of England.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Establishment of a colony of Japanese white rabbits free from coccidia and their breeding performance (author's transl)].

A colony of rabbits free from coccidia was established in 1974 by weaning young at 25 days of age from dams infected with coccidia. Until now Bordetella, Pasteurella and Psoroptes cuniculi have not been detected either, and neither diarrhea nor death has occurred in weanlings of the colony. However, the mortality of sucklings was significantly high owing to cannibalism and tread by their dams. The weaning rate was effectively improved by use of a large nursing cage (3,100 cm2) and sterilized hay on a stainless steel mesh floor of the nursing cage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

History of veterinary public health in Australasia.

The geographic isolation of Australasia has played a significant role in preventing the introduction of exotic diseases or in limiting the spread of many diseases which entered after settlement. Some infections such as psoroptic mange, tuberculosis and brucellosis became widely dispersed and some were ultimately to require novel methods to curtail them, e.g. greater use of rail and road transportation to convey stock, improved methods to locate and muster livestock in bush terrain (helicopters), improved diagnostic tests and the introduction of effective methods for tracing diseases found at abattoirs to the farms of origin. From the 1860s to the 1880s, there were such high mortalities from anthrax in Australia that a business syndicate associated with the Pasteur Institute established a laboratory in Sydney to produce anthrax vaccine from 1890 to 1898. The two-dose vaccine developed by Pasteur was unable to compete with a single dose spore vaccine later pioneered locally by Gunn and McGarvie-Smith. The most important achievements in veterinary public health in Australasia have been the successful eradication of brucellosis, the virtual eradication of hydatid disease in New Zealand and Tasmania, the substantial progress made in the eradication of tuberculosis from all but small regions of Australasia, and the development of a commercial vaccine to prevent Q fever in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Efficacy and safety of topical administration of selamectin for treatment of ear mite infestation in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical administration of selamectin in rabbits naturally infested with Psoroptes cuniculi. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 48 mixed-breed domestic rabbits with active P. cuniculi mite populations and clinical ear lesions. PROCEDURES: Rabbits were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatment groups. On day 0, rabbits in groups 1 and 2 were given vehicle, rabbits in groups 3 and 4 were given selamectin at a dose of 6 mg/kg (2.7 mg/lb), and rabbits in groups 5 and 6 were given selamectin at a dose of 18 mg/kg (8.2 mg/lb). On day 28, rabbits in groups 2, 4, and 6 were given a second dose of vehicle or selamectin. Otoscopic examinations were performed and ear lesion size was measured weekly for 8 weeks. Quantitative viable mite counts were performed on day 56. RESULTS: On days 7 through 56, lesion sizes for all selamectin-treated groups were significantly lower than sizes for control groups; there were no significant differences in lesion sizes among selamectin-treated groups. All rabbits in the 2 control groups had viable adult P. cuniculi mites for the duration of the study, as determined by otoscopic examination, whereas all rabbits in the 4 selamectin-treated groups were free from P. cuniculi mites on days 7 through 56. No adverse reactions associated with selamectin treatment were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that topical application of selamectin at a dose of 6 or 18 mg/kg can completely eliminate mites from rabbits naturally infested with P. cuniculi.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

The rate of spread of sheep scab within small groups of Merino and Dorper sheep.

A single Merino sheep, artificially infested with the sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, and a similarly infested Dorper sheep were placed with 9 uninfested Merino or 9 uninfested Dorper sheep respectively during winter and the rate of spread of infestation on the uninfested sheep observed. The same procedure was repeated in summer. It took 14 and 8 weeks respectively in winter before all sheep in the 2 groups displayed lesions of sheep scab, whereas in summer it took 10 and 12 weeks before all sheep had lesions.

Animals↗