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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Popular medicine versus university medicine during the reign of João V of Portugal (1706-1750)].

This paper endeavours to contribute to an understanding of the coexistence and complementarity between popular and university medicine in the Portugal of the first half of the 18th century. It begins by outlining the academic training of physicians and the publishing of medical books, concentrating on the study of advertisements published in the Gazeta de Lisboa from 1715 to 1750. These draw attention to the more frequent diseases in the population and the large number of remedies offered to treat them, and represents an example of the pluralism of medical practices exercised by qualified and qualified practitioners, Portuguese or otherwise.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2003

Academic performance, popularity, and depression predict adolescent substance use.

Eighty-nine high school seniors completed a questionnaire on their feelings and activities, including their use of drugs. Adolescents with a low grade point average, high popularity, and high depression were more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and smoke marijuana than were their peers. Cigarette and alcohol use predicted marijuana use, which in turn predicted cocaine use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Popular epidemiology and toxic waste contamination: lay and professional ways of knowing.

Building on a detailed study of the Woburn, Massachusetts, childhood leukemia cluster, this paper examines lay and professional ways of knowing about environmental health risks. Of particular interest are differences between lay and professional groups' definitions of data quality, methods of analysis, traditionally accepted levels of measurement and statistical significance, and relations between scientific method and public policy. This paper conceptualizes the hazard-detection and solution-seeking activities of Love Canal, Woburn, and other communities as popular epidemiology: the process by which lay persons gather data and direct and marshal the knowledge and resources of experts in order to understand the epidemiology of disease, treat existing and prevent future disease, and remove the responsible environmental contaminants. Based on different needs, goals, and methods, laypeople and professionals have conflicting perspectives on how to investigate and interpret environmental health data.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

["Grounded theory" develops medicine. Popular research method for exploring human behavior can discover new connections].

Grounded theory (GT) is a popular research method for exploring human behavior. GT was developed by the medical sociologists Glaser and Strauss while they studied dying in hospitals in the 1960s resulting in the book "Awareness of dying". The goal of a GT is to generate conceptual theories by using all types of data but without applying existing theories and hypotheses. GT procedures are mostly inductive as opposed to deductive research where hypotheses are tested. A good GT has a core variable that is a central concept connected to many other concepts explaining the main action in the studied area. A core variable answers the question "What's going on?". Examples of core variables are: "Cutting back after a heart attack"--how people adapt to life after a serious illness; and "Balancing in palliative cancer care"--a process of weighing, shifting, compensating and compromising when treating people with a progressive and incurable illness trajectory.

Behavior↗
PubMed2004

[Control of tuberculosis as seen "in the field": popular perceptions of the disease and access to care in Conakry, Guinea].

Tuberculosis is a public health priority especially in developing countries. A variety of control programs have been implemented. The purpose of this survey was to study the perceptions and practices of the victims of this disease "in the field". The findings of this survey carried out in a cohort of 65 patients and their families in Conakry, Guinea underline the importance of popular perceptions of the disease in care-seeking behavior. This survey also shows that health care workers share the same perceptions as the general population, which constitutes a major impediment for screening and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of the scientific research in the United States about popular herbal remedies referenced on PubMed.

Herbal supplements are among the most popular complementary and alternative therapies used in the US, yet many healthcare providers report having inadequate knowledge about herbs. It also has been reported that many healthcare providers want to have a better understanding of herbs so that they may recommend or discourage their use. In this report, we attempt to determine whether a significant body of research has been indexed in PubMed on the most widely used herbs in the US. These data also prove useful in determining whether the scientific community in the US is focusing investigations on herbs that are widely used domestically. In addition, many clinicians in the US use data from clinical trials performed in the US to inform their practice, so we wanted to determine whether significant clinical data on these herbs were available.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

[Popularization of the medical knowledge in the twenty years' interwar period--the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius].

Activities of the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius concerning popularization of medical knowledge can be systematized in three separate "program modules": pharmacy, social medicine and medical life-saving procedures. The movement appeared some years after the rebirth of the Stefan Batory University, already in the academic year 1923/24. The first of the modules mentioned above concerned pharmacists - persons educated some years earlier in different socio-political circumstances. They wanted to systematize and revive their knowledge and skills. The second group of trainings devoted to social medicine was the dominating one in the life of the University. Among others, there were course on insurance medicine, lectures on controlling of tuberculosis and trachoma. Courses of medical life-saving procedures were organized intensively on the eve of the outbreak of the Second World War. They had a remarkably military character and were developing spontaneously as they were not affected by different difficulties normal for participants of other types of courses that had to contend with financial problems and discontent of employers of the young medical workers.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2005

[A history of Malaria from and for a popular point of view].

The author outlines parasitologic features of human plasmodia and Anopheles, the public health and human aspects of this protozoan infection. Starting from the etymology of the words "mal' aria," the author describes a brief but proven history of social importance, dwelling not only on the clinical, medical or scientific aspects. In other words, the author dwells upon the literary, the customary, as well as on the historic and cultural aspects, with special attention to the significance of the popular importance of this problem in Italy.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[High levels of industrially produced trans fatty acids in popular fast food - but not in Denmark--secondary publication].

An intake of trans-fatty acids of 5 grams per day is associated with an increase of 25% in the risk of ischemic heart disease. In 2004 Denmark, as the first country in the world, introduced a limitation on the content of industrially produced trans-fatty acids in foods. The amount in a "high-trans menu" consisting of popular foods was, from 2001 to 2005, reduced in Denmark from 30 g to <1 g. The amount in the same menu bought in countries within and outside the European Union is 20-40 g. During a period of just a few years, Denmark has thus eliminated a risk factor for ischemic heart disease without noticeable side effects for consumers. This risk factor is, however, still present in many other countries.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Popularity of aesthetic dental treatments. Results of a national study in the Netherlands].

There are indications of a growing public interest in aesthetic dental treatments. For want of reliable data, a group of 907 randomly selected Dutch individuals was questioned in order to give this apparent tendency a foundation in figures. The results of this study show that about 25% of the respondents received aesthetic dental treatment at some time, about 8% was treated during the past year, and almost 8% intended to undergo aesthetic dental treatment in the coming year. In this respect, tooth whitening was found to be the most popular treatment. The results of this study suggest that there is a positive attitude towards aesthetic dentistry and that women take a greater interest in it than men. Whether this interest will lead to a rise in the number of actual aesthetic dental treatments is still unclear.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed2004

[Popular knowledge about medicaments in 19th century periodicals].

Polish periodicals published since the beginning of 19th century contained household knowledge which was of great importance to peasants. In the second half of 19th century the number of articles related to prevention, treatment as well as life hygiene (including nutrition guidance) enlarged significantly. The term "household medicine box# was very often used in periodicals as titles of both: sections dedicated to hygiene or medicine as well as for articles describing medicaments intended to be kept in the boxes. Articles referenced law regulations stated in "law for pharmacists and pharmacies# from 1844. The availability of medical handbooks widened with the end of the century and this fact may have caused the changes in profiles of numerous medical sections in popular periodicals. However the changes did not affect publications related to contents of medical boxes.

Health Education↗
PubMed2006

Colon cleansing: a popular, but misunderstood natural therapy.

Intestinal inflammation and leaky gut syndrome can be at the root of many health problems. Colon cleansing is a popular therapy among alternative practitioners, but many myths surround it. The scientifically inaccurate way many traditional healers try to explain therapeutic mechanisms is one of the obstacles that inhibits dialog between traditional healers and practitioners of modern medicine. The therapy actually has clinical value, but the explanations used to promote the therapies are the stuff of herbal legends, not scientific fact. The concept of cleansing is actually a metaphorical explanation for a therapy that improves detoxification via the liver and gastrointestinal tract and reduces inflammation or irritation to mucous membranes of the GI tract.

Cathartics↗
PubMed1989

[Aspects of the popular attitude about diarrhea among Tswana-speaking urbanites].

This article contains a general overview of cultural perceptions of diarrhoeal disease amongst infants as expressed by Tswana-speaking urbanites. Attention is mainly given to the perception of gastro-enteritis. The research on which this article is based was concluded during 1984. The article indicates that a majority of respondents maintains the view that aetiologically it is possible to distinguish between three categories of illness, viz. illness of sorcery, illness of the shades or ancestors and "natural" illness or illness that "just happens". Within this general aetiological frame, serious diarrhoeal disease of infants is usually seen as sorcery related. Contact of infants with people regarded as ritually polluted is seen as a major causal agency. It is conceptualised as infants being "stepped upon" by "tracks". It causes an illness known as "phogwane", which can be interpreted as "sunken fontanelle". The concept "kokwana", which can be interpreted as "intestinal snake", is however also used to indicate serious diarrhoeal illness. In the case of "kokwana" it is said that the snake, "sent" to the child through witchcraft, "eats" the child's food and the child itself. Although many of the respondents were in doubt, the majority were of the opinion that Western doctors do not really understand the treatment of these dangerous illnesses. The author believes that nursing practitioners who are involved in health education services should take note of these popular conceptions of gastroenteritis. Knowledge of these views should be used during education session in a meaningful way, to tactfully dissipate "misconceptions".

Black or African American↗
PubMed1989

[Characterization of the enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea in Popular Democratic Republic Lao].

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) of infant origin from the Popular Democratic Republic Lao were characterized with respect to there 0 serogroups, biotypes, anti-bioresistances, fimbrial antigens and types of enterotoxins produced. Enterotoxin production was determined by the suckling mice assay, competitive GM1-erythroassay, and cell cultures (CHOK1 and Y1). The presence of genes encoding for the enterotoxins was determined by colony hybridization by using radioactive DNA probes. Profile plasmids from ETEC strains were studied. The plasmids encoding for heat-labile enterotoxin were studied with an acetyl-aminofluorene modified probe.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Anthropometric characteristics of people 21 to 35 years of age from Moscow and the Moscow region who participate in physical culture and popular sports on a regular basis].

By means of certain anthropometrical methods, in accordance with 56 initial data, 262 men and 274 women, Russian nationality, students of Institute of Physical Culture at the age of 21-35 years have been examined. They all are third-grade and second-grade athletes in popular sport games and regularly go in for physical culture. Morphofunctional characteristics, including 74 parameters, that are summarized in three tables (absolute anthropometrical, body proportions and morphofunctional) are presented. The total dimensions of the body (mass--69 +/- 7 kg in the men and 61 +/- 7 kg in the women and body length--174 +/- 7 and 163 +/- 6 sm, respectively) and its parts changed but little during last 20 years, nevertheless, are noticably higher than the standards accepted in the 50s. A slight variability is revealed (in the women a little greater) in most of the anthropometrical parameters, body proportions are near the classical forms. The results of the work reflect favourable role of regular physical exercises for formation of optimal morphofunctional human status, interrelations of muscular, fatty and osseous body components. The low variability of the characteristics obtained demonstrates their typicalness; therefore, it is possible to recommend them as standards for estimation physical development and body built of persons in the given age group.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The clinical popularity of object relations concepts.

Object relations theory has the effect of supporting the psychoanalyst when he feels that the patient's effort is strongly opposed to his own. The current popularity of object relations theory may be related to the gradual disappearance from Freudian theory of a simple, clear image of an obligatory insistence by the patient that is useful even though it is unreflective. Object relations theory offers the practitioner a way of fortifying himself against blind demand, while newer Freudian theorists cope with the problem by orienting themselves more stringently toward the original paradigm of optional choice.

Freudian Theory↗